113 research outputs found
Orchid Pollination Biology
No full textOrchids and their pollinators have developed fascinating co-adaptations that promote orchid pollination. This 6-page fact sheet details the various and often strange ways that orchids attract pollinators. The kinds of insects and animals that pollinate orchids and orchids’ reproductive anatomies and processes are also covered. Written by Haleigh Ray and Wagner Vendrame, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, June 2015.
ENH1260/EP521: Orchid Pollination Biology (ufl.edu
Orchid Pollination Biology
No full textOrchids and their pollinators have developed fascinating co-adaptations that promote orchid pollination. This 6-page fact sheet details the various and often strange ways that orchids attract pollinators. The kinds of insects and animals that pollinate orchids and orchids’ reproductive anatomies and processes are also covered. Written by Haleigh Ray and Wagner Vendrame, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, June 2015.
ENH1260/EP521: Orchid Pollination Biology (ufl.edu
Breeding of Orchids Using Conventional and Biotechnological Methods: Advances and Future Prospects
No full textThe domestication of plants, including ornamental plants, is an ancient tradition based on human curiosity and is the first form of plant breeding based on modern agriculture. However, recent advances in biotechnology, molecular biology, and genetic engineering, associated with better knowledge of the genome, have enabled numerous achievements to advance agriculture towards a new green revolution. In orchids, it has not been different, and recent advances in genome sequencing and the development of more sophisticated breeding techniques based on biotechnology have demonstrated their applicability for the constitution of more sophisticated cultivars. However, conventional breeding by directed crosses associated with the selection of superior genotypes has brought the greatest number of contributions to the generation of new cultivars for the flower market. The main objective of this chapter is to demonstrate this moment of transition from conventional to biotechnological breeding tools and their achievements, as well as the advances in biotechnology aimed at the production of orchid cultivars with characteristics that are not obtained by conventional breeding. In addition, it raises bigger questions and prospects about the use and applications of transgenic orchids, as well as other techniques involving targeted manipulation of DNA, such as genomic editing
Advances in Coconut palm propagation
No full textAbstract Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important tropical species used by man, known as “tree of life”. In recent decades, with the expansion of coconut growing areas, limitations such as the occurrence of pests, uniformity of crops, adaptation to different ecosystems and others have affected the production and longevity of coconut trees. This review describes the major advances in propagation techniques of coconut palm, conventionally, by seeds and through plant tissue culture techniques from the mid-twentieth century onwards, as well as phytosanitary aspects that should be considered to mitigate the spread of pests and diseases
Somatic embryogenesis in Pinus taeda L.
No full textCom o objetivo de determinar um protocolo viável para a biotecnologia de embriogênese somática, analisando os fatores que afetam o processo e suas interações, e fornecer subsídios para sua utilização em processos de melhoramento florestal, foram estabelecidas culturas de embriões imaturos de 4 diferentes clones de Pinus taeda L., coletados em 7 diferentes épocas e utilizando-se 5 diferentes meios de cultura de tecidos, como meios de estabelecimento ou indução. Das espécies de Pinus conhecidas e utilizadas no setor florestal, Pinus taeda é considerada a espécie florestal, sob o aspecto econômico, mais importante do sul dos E.U.A. e a segunda mais importante no mundo. No Brasil, foi introduzida com grande sucesso. Devido a sua excelente adaptação na região sul, principalmente nos Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, é utilizada em programas de reflorestamento. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de cultura de tecidos da Escola de Recursos Florestais "Daniel B. Wamell", da Universidade da Georgia, em Athens, Estado da Georgia, E.U.A., sob supervisão do prof. Dr. Harry E Sommer e com a colaboração da Comissão Florestal da Georgia e do Serviço Florestal, do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o protocolo para indução de embriogênese somática desenvolvido mostrou-se viável, resultando na indução de calos com características embriogênicas. A frequência de indução de calos foi da ordem de 36,6%. Foram também demonstrados efeitos de 3 fatores (clone, meio de cultura e época de coleta) e da interação entre eles sobre a percentagem de indução, indicando que genótipo, ambiente físico e estádio de desenvolvimento afetam a regeneração in vitro. As técnicas de embriogênese somática podem resultar, se bem adequadas, manejadas e incrementadas, em taxas de indução maiores, sendo uma ferramenta auxiliar nos processos de melhoramento florestal.In·order to determine a viable protocol for the biotechnology of somatic embryogenesis, analysing the factors which affect the process and their interactions, and provide subsidies for its use in processes of forest improvement, immature embryos cultures were established from 4 different clones of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), collected in 7 different dates and using 5 different tissue culture media as establishment or induction media. From all the pine species known and used in forestry, loblolly pine is considered, under economical aspects, the most important forest tree in the south of the United States and the second most important in the world. It was successfully introduced in Brazil due to its excellent adaptation in the south, in particular the States of Paraná and Santa Catarina, being used in reforestation programms. The experiment was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory, of the Daniel B. Wamell School of Forest Resources, of The University of Georgia, in Athens, State of Georgia, U.S.A., under supervision of prof. Dr. Harry E. Sommer, and with the collaboration of the Georgia Forestry Comission and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the protocol developed for the induction of somatic embryogenesis was viable, having as result the induction of calli with embryogenic characteristics. The frequency of induction was around 36.6%. The techniques of somatic embryogenesis can result, if well adjusted, managed and improved, in higher induction rates, being a helpful tool for the process of tree improvement
Somatic embryogenesis in Pinus taeda L.
No full textCom o objetivo de determinar um protocolo viável para a biotecnologia de embriogênese somática, analisando os fatores que afetam o processo e suas interações, e fornecer subsídios para sua utilização em processos de melhoramento florestal, foram estabelecidas culturas de embriões imaturos de 4 diferentes clones de Pinus taeda L., coletados em 7 diferentes épocas e utilizando-se 5 diferentes meios de cultura de tecidos, como meios de estabelecimento ou indução. Das espécies de Pinus conhecidas e utilizadas no setor florestal, Pinus taeda é considerada a espécie florestal, sob o aspecto econômico, mais importante do sul dos E.U.A. e a segunda mais importante no mundo. No Brasil, foi introduzida com grande sucesso. Devido a sua excelente adaptação na região sul, principalmente nos Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, é utilizada em programas de reflorestamento. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de cultura de tecidos da Escola de Recursos Florestais "Daniel B. Wamell", da Universidade da Georgia, em Athens, Estado da Georgia, E.U.A., sob supervisão do prof. Dr. Harry E Sommer e com a colaboração da Comissão Florestal da Georgia e do Serviço Florestal, do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o protocolo para indução de embriogênese somática desenvolvido mostrou-se viável, resultando na indução de calos com características embriogênicas. A frequência de indução de calos foi da ordem de 36,6%. Foram também demonstrados efeitos de 3 fatores (clone, meio de cultura e época de coleta) e da interação entre eles sobre a percentagem de indução, indicando que genótipo, ambiente físico e estádio de desenvolvimento afetam a regeneração in vitro. As técnicas de embriogênese somática podem resultar, se bem adequadas, manejadas e incrementadas, em taxas de indução maiores, sendo uma ferramenta auxiliar nos processos de melhoramento florestal.In·order to determine a viable protocol for the biotechnology of somatic embryogenesis, analysing the factors which affect the process and their interactions, and provide subsidies for its use in processes of forest improvement, immature embryos cultures were established from 4 different clones of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), collected in 7 different dates and using 5 different tissue culture media as establishment or induction media. From all the pine species known and used in forestry, loblolly pine is considered, under economical aspects, the most important forest tree in the south of the United States and the second most important in the world. It was successfully introduced in Brazil due to its excellent adaptation in the south, in particular the States of Paraná and Santa Catarina, being used in reforestation programms. The experiment was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory, of the Daniel B. Wamell School of Forest Resources, of The University of Georgia, in Athens, State of Georgia, U.S.A., under supervision of prof. Dr. Harry E. Sommer, and with the collaboration of the Georgia Forestry Comission and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the protocol developed for the induction of somatic embryogenesis was viable, having as result the induction of calli with embryogenic characteristics. The frequency of induction was around 36.6%. The techniques of somatic embryogenesis can result, if well adjusted, managed and improved, in higher induction rates, being a helpful tool for the process of tree improvement
Sweepotato (Ipomoea batatas) and chickpeas (cicer arietinum) experiments from NS-31 Suborbital flight.
No full textThis research investigates the adaptation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) to microgravity (through analysis of genes, proteins, and histology) and evaluates the impacts of space radiation on chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum). The objective is to optimize crops for sustainable life support systems in space, aligning with NASA's Artemis objectives and the Brazilian space program.Resum
Influence of silicon and in vitro culture systems on the micropropagation and acclimatization of "Dwarf Cavendish" banana.
No full textIn vitro culture systems based on liquid culture media are considered to be more effective than semisolid culture medium systems. Liquid culture media systems provide better nutrient availability for plant tissues, easier culture handling, and the potential for scaling up and automation. However, in vitro liquid culture requires more careful handling due to the potential for contamination and the possibility of negative effects, such as hyperhydricity or vitrification, that hinder the growth and development of the plant material
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