414 research outputs found
A systematic, tool-supported method for conducting literature reviews in information systems
No full textWhile the importance of literature studies in the IS discipline is well recognized, little attention has been paid to the underlying structure and method of conducting effective literature reviews. Despite the fact that literature is often used to refine the research context and direct the pathways for successful research outcomes, there is very little evidence of the use of resource management tools to support the literature review process. In this paper we want to contribute to advancing the way in which literature studies in Information Systems are conducted, by proposing a systematic, pre-defined and tool-supported method to extract, analyse and report literature. This paper presents how to best identify relevant IS papers to review within a feasible and justifiable scope, how to extract relevant content from identified papers, how to synthesise and analyse the findings of a literature review and what are ways to effectively write and present the results of a literature review. The paper is specifically targeted towards novice IS researchers, who would seek to conduct a systematic detailed literature review in a focused domain. Specific contributions of our method are extensive tool support, the identification of appropriate papers including primary and secondary paper sets and a pre-codification scheme. We use a literature study on shared services as an illustrative example to present the proposed approach
Long-term follow-up of retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation: A retrospective analysis Cataract and refractive surgery
No full textBackground: The ideal intraocular lens in cases of aphakia without capsular support is debated. Choices include anterior chamber lenses, iris- or scleral-sutured lenses, and iris-claw lenses. Our aim was to report our long-term evaluation of the use of retropupillary implantation of the Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens (RPICIOL) in several aphakic conditions without capsular support. Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive 320 eyes of 320 patients (222 males and 98 females) without capsular support in which we performed RPICIOL implantation in post-traumatic aphakia (141 eyes, group 1), post-cataract surgery aphakia (122 eyes, group 2), and in cases in which penetrating keratoplasty was associated with vitrectomy (57 eyes, group 3). Either anterior or posterior vitrectomy procedures were performed with 20-, 23-, or 25-gauge techniques for different associated anterior or posterior segment indications. We reviewed the refractive outcome, anatomical outcome, long-term stability of the implants, and possible long-term complications. Results: The mean patient age was 59.7 years (range, 16-84 years) in group 1; 60.1 years (range, 14-76 years) in group 2; and 65.8 years (range, 25-71.5 years) in group 3. The mean follow-up time was 5.3 years (range, 1 month to 8 years). At the end of the follow-up period, the mean post-operative best-corrected LogMAR visual acuity was 0.6 (range, perception of light to 0.3) in group 1; 0.3 (range, 0.5-0.1) in group 2; and 0.6 (range, hand movement to 0.2) in group 3. Disenclavation of RPICIOLs occurred in three cases because of slippage of one of the iris-claw haptics and spontaneous complete posterior dislocation occurred in one case. One case presented with retinal detachment, and no cases of uveitis were observed. Eight cases complained of chronic dull pain, and severe iridodonesis was seen in five cases. One case of post-operative macular edema was observed without post-operative increase in the mean intraocular pressure. There was no statistically different change in the endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions: RPICIOL for secondary implantations is a valid alternative strategy to scleral-fixated or angle-supported IOL implantation
Aberrant driving behaviors as mediators in the relationship between driving anger patterns and crashes among taxi drivers: An investigation in a complex cultural context
No full textObjective: Taxis have become an integrated component of Qatar’s urban transportation network due to their convenience, comfort, and flexibility. Qatar has seen an uptick in the demand for professional taxi drivers. Most Qatari taxi drivers come from developing countries with poor awareness of road safety; therefore, they regularly engage in aberrant driving behavior, leading to traffic violations and crashes. For taxi rides to be safer, it is essential to determine the association between driving aberration and road traffic crashes (RTCs), with an emphasis on the underlying factors that trigger these behaviors. Methods: To this end, we collected the data from taxi drivers relying on standard questionnaires, namely the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), together with the real crash data of the same taxi drivers obtained from the police department. We relied on factor analysis to identify the main factors of these tools and then structural equation modeling to predict their causal relationship with RTCs. Results: The results indicated that the component of DAS, namely “illegal driving”, triggered all dimensions of aberrant driving behaviors, whereas hostile gestures had a positive correlation with lapses. In addition, the factor “error” was identified as a significant direct predictor, while the factor “illegal driving” was identified as a significant indirect predictor for RTCs. Regarding demographic characteristics, professional driving experience was found to be negatively associated with RTCs. Conclusion: Driving aberration mediated the impact of driving anger on RTCs. The findings from this study could help road safety practitioners and researchers better understand these relations. In addition, these results could also be very helpful for driving instructors to train taxi drivers in a way to cope with provoking situations.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library. This study was made possible by the internal grant award [QUCG-CENG-21/22-2] from Qatar University
People-Driven, ICT-Enabled Innovation: Crowdsourcing
No full textCrowdsourcing reflects the idea that a firm or a person, in an effort to solve specific problem(s), seeks voluntary help from the general public via an open call, by utilizing the available information and communication technologies (ICT). Such description accentuates two central assumptions. Firstly, while recent advances in ICT have enabled novel and innovative applications of crowdsourcing; it is by no means a post-Web phenomenon. In fact, examples of inviting unknown crowds to participate in solving a challenge have been around for centuries. Secondly, crowdsourcing is a multi-faceted and complex phenomenon where social, technological and economic forces are at play; and as such, any attempt at understanding crowdsourcing while ignoring such complexity can be misleading.
The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the accumulating body of knowledge on crowdsourcing, both at organizational and individual levels of analysis, with the following broad questions in mind. How has complexity research aided organization scholars to theorize about innovation in general, and what could crowdsourcing researchers learn from this line of research? To what extent does the crowd represent a threat to professionalism, and to what extent could organizations exploit this threat as a source of opportunity? What factors motivate the crowd to repeatedly participate in crowdsourcing services? And as the time passes, what makes them discontinue their participation?
These four questions, respectively, have guided the research efforts reported in the four articles included in this dissertation. Together, these four articles provide a holistic and multi-perspective understanding of crowdsourcing. From an organizational perspective, articles I and II – predominantly conceptual (theoretical) in nature – identify the key characteristics of organizations as complex adaptive systems, and provide a theoretical foundation for crowdsourcing as a sourcing strategy that enhances organizational survival chances. Then, from an individual perspective, articles III and IV provide an interpretive understanding of the use lifecycle of crowdsourcing systems. Based on a longitudinal empirical investigation of a popular crowdsourcing platform, these two articles report on: a) the key factors responsible for attracting members of the crowd to adopt the said technology; b) the key factors responsible for driving them to continuously use it for extended periods of time; and c) the key factors responsible for them to discontinue using it. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the key theoretical and practical contributions, as well as the limitations and directions for future research
Correction to: Real-World Treatment Patterns in Patients with Vitiligo in the United States
No full textCorrection to: Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) (2023) 13:2079–2091 10.1007/s13555-023-00983-3
Authors would like to update the middle name of co-author as Ahmed M. Soliman.
The original article has been corrected
Apterogyna oshaibahi Soliman & Gadallah, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Apterogyna oshaibahi</i> Soliman & Gadallah, sp. nov. <p>(Figs 23−27)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype ♀: Egypt, Wadi Digla, Cairo [29°57'30''N, 31°20'06''E], 20.xi.2014 (leg. Ahmed M. Soliman) [CUE]. Paratype 1 ♀: Egypt, Wadi Digla, Cairo [29°57'30''N, 31°20'06''E], 5.xi.2010 (leg. Ahmed M. Soliman) [CUE].</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. FEMALE (holotype). Body length 7 mm. <i>Colour</i>. Red, except flagellum of antenna light brown; coxae and T6 reddish brown, the latter with darker longitudinal ridges; prosternum, mesepisternum, T1 laterally, T2−T5 and metasomal sterna black; mid and hind tibial spurs waxy white; eye black. <i>Pubescence.</i> Face, vertex and scape of antenna clothed with recumbent white setae (Fig. 24); clypeus, occiput and basal third of mandible with erect white setae; mesosoma, legs and metasoma clothed with long erect and fine whitish setae, denser on metasomal terga than elsewhere. T1, T2 with moderately-developed tuft of white setae apicomesally (Fig. 26); metasomal segments 3−5 with apical fringe of such setae, well-developed on T3.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. In dorsal view 1.2 × as broad as pronotum, abruptly convergent behind eyes; in frontal view distinctly transverse, its width 1.6 × head height; vertex flattened when seen from frontal view, impunctate, strongly sloping posteriorly; face superficially sparsely and finely punctate (nearly smooth and polished); eye small, subspherical, distinctly prominent, with middle-transversal axis located above midline between free margin of clypeus and vertex; malar space as long as LED; distance between antennal tubercles as long as tubercle length; clypeus gently convex; gena with weakly developed tubercle at the level of lower ocular margin; mandible slender, edentate (Fig. 24). Scape of antenna gently convex; F1 scarcely longer than F2; F2 as long as F3. Palpal segments slender.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>. Dorsally foveate-reticulate (foveae larger on dorsal face of propodeum than elsewhere) (Fig. 25); pronotum with anterior face gently declivous and posterior margin feebly concave, longitudinally ridged laterally; propodeal posterior face gently declivous, smooth and shiny. Mesopleuron smooth anteriorly and coarsely punctate posteriorly; metapleuron longitudinally coarsely ridged. Mesosternum polished and impunctate.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>. T1 widened posteriorly (pear-shaped), slightly longer than its maximal width, superficially foveate, with apicomesal setal tuft 0.7 × as wide as that on T2 (Fig. 26); T2 bell-shaped, 0.7 × as long as broad, coarsely reticulate-foveate (Fig. 26); T3 with superficial sparse punctures progressively vanishing towards posterior margin; T4, T5 narrow and puncticulate; T6 subtriangular, with longitudinal interrupted ridges, bordered laterally with sharp evenly spaced teeth progressively reduced in size distally (Fig. 27). S1 smooth posteriorly, with superficial sparse punctures anteriorly; S2 and S3 sparsely punctate, punctures contiguous laterally; S4, S5 smooth; S1−S5 with a row of sparse punctures along their apical margin; S6 smooth except for few punctures apicolaterally.</p> <p>MALE unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Egypt: Wadi Digla.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Apterogyna oshaibahi</i> is nearest to <i>A. olivieri</i> except for the following: body with scattered setae (while dense in <i>A. olivieri</i> especially on head); mesosomal dorsum with scattered erect setae (with dense recumbent setae intermixed with erect ones in <i>A. olivieri</i>); setal tufts on T1 and T2 moderately-developed (well-developed in <i>A. olivieri</i>). A new species also resembles <i>A. mateui</i> but differ in the following: metasomal T2 coarsely reticulatefoveate, T3 with scattered superficial punctures (Fig. 26) (T2–T3 with oblong punctures and few ridges in between in <i>A. mateui</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named in honour of the late Prof. Alaa Din A. Oshaibah professor of the first author).</p>Published as part of <i>Soliman, Ahmed M., Gadallah, Neveen S., Al-Shahat, Ahmed M. & Pagliano, G., 2015, The genus Apterogyna Latreille, 1809 in Egypt, with three new species (Hymenoptera: Bradynobaenidae: Apterogyninae), pp. 209-220 in Zootaxa 3905 (2)</i> on pages 215-218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3905.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/241302">http://zenodo.org/record/241302</a>
Mindful balancing: Avoiding Alert Fatigue in Security Operation Centers
No full textAnalysts in Security Operation Centers (SOC) are experiencing large numbers of alerts that they must analyze. Out of all the alarms an analyst receives, between 50 and 90 % of them are false positives. Because of these numbers, they are prone to be affected by alert fatigue (AF), a condition where an individual is desensitized to alerts and suffers from cognitive overload. This issue could lead to a successful cyber-attack and cause damage to an organization. This thesis investigates how alert fatigue influences analysts
and how SOCs should protect themselves from this issue. This is done by answering the following research questions: “How does mindful organizing happen in the SOC environment?”, “How does alert fatigue influence mindful conduction in SOC?” and “What strategies are being implemented to mitigate alert fatigue”. We conducted a multiple case study interviewing 12 individuals from 5 different SOCs to answer these
questions. We also utilized a High-reliability organization (HRO) framework as a theoretical lens since a SOC can be considered a digital HRO, which is an organization that builds both services and solutions to protect an organization and utilizes a cognitive mindset of mindfulness in its operations.
The main theoretical implication is our creation of a novel theory that we call Mindful Balancing, which entails how analysts use both mindful and mindless actions when they analyze alerts and that they are doing so to maintain their cognitive power. Failure to maintain that balance can cause them to drain their mindfulness, which is an exhaustible resource, and thus return to a default state of mindlessness. For the practical implications, we identified various mitigation strategies that could be used to prevent alert fatigue. They are split into categories based on how they can improve Mindful Balancing, which is assisting mindful balancing and facilitation of mindful balancing.
This thesis offers an interesting new way to see alert fatigue and provides a novel theory about how analysts use mindful and mindless actions to maintain their cognitive power. We hope this theory will assist organizations in understanding how analysts work and that it will assist further research on the topic
Multi-Cloud Information Security Policy Development
No full textOrganizations’ ever lasting desire to utilize new trending technologies for optimizing their businesses have been increasing by the years. Cloud computing has been around for a while, and for many became a vital part of their day-to-day operations. The concept of multi-cloud has allowed organizations to take advantage of every cloud vendor’s best services, hinder vendor lock-in, resulting in cost optimization, and resulting in more available services. With every new technology, there are new vulnerabilities ready to be exploited at any time. As there is little prior research regarding this field, threat actors can exploit an organization’s ignorance on important challenges such as interoperability issues, implementing multiple vendors resulting in losing track of their services, and the lack of expertise in this newly founded field. To alleviate such issues, one approach could be to develop information security policies, hence our research question for the thesis: How to develop information security policies in a multi-cloud environment with considerations of the unique challenges it offers?
To uncover the research question, we have conducted a systematic literature review followed up by a qualitative research approach. This has resulted in six semi-structured interviews from respondents with a variety of experience within the multi-cloud realm. The most prominent findings from this exploratory study has been the focus of thoroughly planning the need of a multi-cloud and information security policies, as well as applying a top-down approach for the policy development phase. This gives a more holistic view over the process, and additionally having the right competence is important. An interesting finding was that multi-cloud on paper should prevent the vendor lock-in issue, but in reality may provoke the matter. Using the tools and services provided by the cloud service providers may enhance the development of information security policies, but proves to be difficult in multi-cloud as the problem of interoperability hinders this. Lastly, reviewing policies becomes more timeconsuming and resource heavy in a multi-cloud because of the frequent updates and changes in technology, which has to be monitored. This research presents a conceptual framework, which by no means is a one-size-fits-all solution, but raises discussion for future work in this field
Analysing Information Security amidst the Implementation of Implantable Medical Devices in Norwegian Healthcare
No full textImplantable medical devices (IMDs) are an electronic medical device that is implanted partly or withing a human body to treat and monitor medical conditions. Modern IMDs have more computing power and are more interconnected. The use of IMDs have been very beneficial for effective patient treatment for the healthcare and have improved the quality of life for the users. Though IMDs being truly beneficial, it also comes with a cost. More computing power and interconnectivity leads to vulnerabilities and cybersecurity risks. Research have identified serious security and privacy risks in the use of IMDs and have expressed serious concerns. This thesis takes a new research approach to analyse and understand the environment IMDs are used.
This research analyses information security for the implementation process of IMDs in the Norwegian healthcare. Based on the collected data, resulted in a focus on insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) domain of IMDs. The research uses the lens of contradiction management for the implementation of IMDs. Using process theory and stage modelling to build a stage-model to enrich the understanding of the implementation process. Using the stage-model and contradictions management if was possible to identify when and where challenges for implementation occur and see how they are solved. The goal of this research approach was to research the domain of IMDs from a new perspective. Potential revealing new insights and confirm or contrary existing literature.
The result discovered several contradictions that was solved during the implementation. The contradictions main topics was data storage and processing, information security and use of CGM applications. Implications showed that contradictions solved related directly to healthcare and end-users had a tendency to have lower information security outcome that strictly “IT”-contradictions. The findings also correlated with the literature of privacy concerns and the complexity of environment IMDs are used make is hard to apply effective theoretical information security and cybersecurity solutions.
Raising cybersecurity awareness for stakeholders for IMDs can help improve the information security and cybersecurity. Assist manufactures, healthcare personnel, patients and end-users to take educated choices to reduces unwanted information security and cybersecurity incidents. Regulations influenced choices during implementation, and future improvements in regulations can potentially lead to enhancing information security and cybersecurity for IMDs. The thesis concluding continuous research and work in the domain will enhance the information security and cybersecurity for IMDs
Multi-Cloud Information Security Policy Development
No full textOrganizations’ ever lasting desire to utilize new trending technologies for optimizing their
businesses have been increasing by the years. Cloud computing has been around for a while,
and for many became a vital part of their day-to-day operations. The concept of multi-cloud
has allowed organizations to take advantage of every cloud vendor’s best services, hinder
vendor lock-in, resulting in cost optimization, and resulting in more available services. With
every new technology, there are new vulnerabilities ready to be exploited at any time. As
there is little prior research regarding this field, threat actors can exploit an organization’s
ignorance on important challenges such as interoperability issues, implementing multiple
vendors resulting in losing track of their services, and the lack of expertise in this newly
founded field. To alleviate such issues, one approach could be to develop information security
policies, hence our research question for the thesis: How to develop information security
policies in a multi-cloud environment with considerations of the unique challenges it offers?
To uncover the research question, we have conducted a systematic literature review followed
up by a qualitative research approach. This has resulted in six semi-structured interviews
from respondents with a variety of experience within the multi-cloud realm. The most
prominent findings from this exploratory study has been the focus of thoroughly planning
the need of a multi-cloud and information security policies, as well as applying a top-down
approach for the policy development phase. This gives a more holistic view over the process,
and additionally having the right competence is important. An interesting finding was that
multi-cloud on paper should prevent the vendor lock-in issue, but in reality may provoke the
matter. Using the tools and services provided by the cloud service providers may enhance
the development of information security policies, but proves to be difficult in multi-cloud as
the problem of interoperability hinders this. Lastly, reviewing policies becomes more timeconsuming
and resource heavy in a multi-cloud because of the frequent updates and changes
in technology, which has to be monitored. This research presents a conceptual framework,
which by no means is a one-size-fits-all solution, but raises discussion for future work in this
field
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