932 research outputs found
Trioza myresae , Burckhardt and Halbert 2020, new species
No full textTrioza myresae, Burckhardt and Halbert, new species (Fig. 201–219) LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFFB67EB-38D4-4F30-8CF4-D8D0AE0D33BB Materials examined. Holotype ♂: USA: Florida: Miami-Dade Co., Miami, Chapman Field, 26.iii.2007, Ficus aurea (S. Halbert) (FSCA # E2007-1849) (FSCA, dry mounted). – Paratypes. USA: Florida: Miami-Dade County: 1 ♂, Miami-Dade Co., Miami, 4.iii.2003, Ficus aurea (G. Myres) (FSCA # E2003-677) (FSCA, slide mounted); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Miami, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., 4.iii.2003, Ficus aurea (G. Myres) (FSCA # E2003-766) (NHMB, dry mounted); 1 ♀, Miami-Dade Co., Miami, Fairchild Botanical Garden, 20.v.2003, Ficus aurea (S. Halbert, G. Hodges and G. Myres) (FSCA # E2003-2148) (FSCA, slide mounted); 1 immature, Miami-Dade Co., North Miami, 24.ix.2003, Ficus aurea (C. Pelegrin) (FSCA # E2003-4641) (FSCA, slide mounted). 3 ♂, 5 ♀, Miami-Dade Co., Miami, 13601 Old Cutler Road, 23.iii.2004, Ficus aurea (S. Halbert) (FSCA # E2004-2082) (FSCA, preserved in 70% ethanol); 15 ♂, 9 ♀, 3 immatures, Miami-Dade Co., Miami, Subtropical Research Station USDA, Chapman Field, 13601 Old Cutler Road, 23.iii.2004, Ficus aurea (D. Burckhardt) #1(1) (NHMB, dry and slide mounted); 1 ♂, Miami- Dade Co., Miami, 2.iv.2004 (G. Myres) suction trap (FSCA # E2004-2395) (FSCA, slide mounted); 1 immature, same but 12.v.2005 (S. Halbert and D. Ziesk) (FSCA # E2005-2470) (FSCA, slide mounted); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data as holotype; 1 ♀, same but 23.ii.2007, suction trap (G. Myres) (FSCA # E2007-1152) (FSCA, dry mounted); 1 ♀, Miami-Dade Co., Miami, DPI station Old Cutler Rd, 4.iv.2008, suction trap (C. Padron) (FSCA # E2008-1963) (FSCA, dry mounted). Description. Adult (Fig. 201). Coloration. General body color dark maroon to almost black. Some specimens are dark. Vertex slightly lighter than thorax and abdomen, fore margin and each two lateral and submedian dots on either side ochreous; tips of genal processes yellowish. Antennal segments 1 and 2 greyish brown, 3–8 whitish, 9 and 10 (Fig. 203) dark brown or almost black. Mesoscutum with a median and each a lateral white longitudinal stripe; mesoprescutum in younger specimens with each a submedian and sublateral white longitudinal strip on either side; thorax laterally, in front of articulation of forewing with a white longitudinal stripe on either side. Legs white, pro- and mesofemora dark at base, metacoxae laterally ochreous, metafemur except for tip dark brown. Forewing (Fig. 204) membrane transparent, colorless; veins greyish yellow at base, becoming brown towards apex, vein A 1 with dark spot in basal third. Hindwing membrane colorless, posterior margin at base dark. Younger specimens lighter with more expanded light elements. – Structure. Head hardly inclined from longitudinal body axis, about as wide as mesoscutum in dorsal view. Vertex (Fig. 202) subrectangular, 1.4 times as wide as long along mid line; disk with short microscopical pubescence and scale-like microsulpture; genal processes 0.3 times as long as vertex along mid-line, conical, subacute apically. Antenna 1.2–1.4 times as long as head width, with a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.5: 0.3: 0.4: 0.3: 0.3: 0.2: 0.3; relative length of antennal segment 10 and terminal setae as 1.0: 0.7: 0.3 (Fig. 203). Rostrum 0.4–0.5 times as long as head width. Metatibia 1.2–1.3 times as long as head width, slender. Forewing (Fig. 204) 4.1–4.6 times as long as head width, 2.9 times as long as wide, irregularly lanceolate, widest in the middle, apex subacute, lying in cell m 1; vein Rs short, curved towards fore margin; bifurcation of vein M distal to line connecting apices of veins Rs and Cu 1a; surface spinules absent except for small area at base of cell cu 2. Hindwing with grouped costal setae and trifurcating vein R+M+Cu. Male terminalia (Fig. 206–208) with proctiger 0.3–0.4 times as long as head width, beset with long hairs in apical half; tubular, in profile, with weakly curved posterior margin. Male subgenital plate subglobular, bearing a few medium long setae laterally and apically. Paramere shorter than proctiger; in profile, broad at base, irregularly narrowing to apex which is slightly curved cephalad; outer and inner face beset with long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus (Fig. 208) as long as or slightly longer than proctiger; apical inflation approximately hook-shaped, shaft straight; sclerotized end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, almost straight. Female terminalia (Fig. 205, 209–210) with proctiger 0.6 times as long as head width, sparsely covered in moderately long setae mostly apically; dorsal margin of proctiger distal to circumanal ring, in lateral view, almost straight in the middle, narrowly rounded apically. Circumanal ring oval, 0.5 times as long as proctiger; consisting of two unequal rows of pores. Subgenital plate 1.4 times as long as proctiger, angular ventrally. Dorsal valvulae triangular, ventral valvulae almost straight bearing four tooth-like tubercles. – Measurements (in mm; 2 ♂, 1 ♀). Head width 0.42–0.46; antenna length 0.54–0.58; forewing length 1.72–2.12; length of male proctiger 0.14–0.16; paramere length 0.12; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.14; length of female proctiger 0.26. Fifth instar immature (Fig. 211, 218). Coloration. In life, orange with a yellow or green longitudinal stripe in the middle. Tips of antennae and rostrum dark. – Structure. Body strongly dorso-ventrally flattened, oval, 1.6 times as long as wide; dorsally flat. Dorsal sclerites covered in granular microsculpture and sparse microscopical peg setae, lacking sectasetae. Marginal sectasetae truncate, present in following numbers (one side only): head (Fig. 212) 28; forewing pad (Fig. 213) 72–77; hindwing pad (Fig. 214) 8–10; caudal plate (Fig. 215) 55–70. Each half of head broadly rounded anteriorly; bearing a lobe at the base of eye. Antenna 0.2 times as long as forewing pad; inserted on ventral body side, indistinctly 8-segmented, with one rhinarium each on segments 3 and 5 and two rhinaria on segment 7. Humeral lobe reaching well beyond anterior eye margin, narrowly rounded. Tarsal arolium (Fig. 217) almost circular, with short unguitractor, lacking petiole; claws completely reduced. Outer circumanal ring (Fig. 216) medium sized, transversely oval; on ventral body side; distance from hind margin to hind margin of caudal plate 5.4 times as long as distance from fore to hind margin of outer circumanal ring (measured in the middle); consisting of a single row of oval pores. – Measurements (in mm; 2 immatures). Body length 1.50–1.52; antenna length 0.16–0.18. Distribution. USA: Florida (Collier, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, and Polk counties). Additional Florida distribution information. This species was recognized for the first time in Florida on Ficus aurea at Chapman Field, Miami (Miami-Dade County) Florida on 18.ii. 2003 by DPI inspector Gwen Myres, DPI entomologist Susan Halbert, and DPI botanist Mark Garland (FSCA# E2003-567). More specimens were collected in the Miami area on 4.iii.2003 (FSCA# E2003-766), 18.iii.2003 (FSCA# E2003-975), 20.v.2003 (FSCA# E2003-2148), 20.v.2003 (FSCA# E2003-2149), 25.v.2003 (FSCA# E2003-2765), 24.ix.2003 (FSCA# E2003-4641), 22.i.2004 (FSCA# E2004-489), 30.i.2004 (FSCA# E2004-681), and 4.ii.2004 (FSCA# E2004-738). The species is known from suction trap samples in Polk Co., Winter Haven, 21.v.2004 (P. Sieburth) (FSCA# E2004-4114) and Collier Co., Immokalee, 6.iv.2006 (P. Stansly) (FSCA# E2006-1923). There is a collection from F. aurea in Palm Beach Co., Jupiter, 29.i.2008 (J. Brambila) (FSCA# E2008-454). There is also an old collection of immatures from F. aurea in Ft. Lauderdale collected 22.ii.1982 by DPI inspector Dennis Clinton, which may be this species. If so, it is the oldest record. Host plant. Ficus aurea Nutt. (Moraceae). The immatures induce shallow pits on either leaf surface (Fig. 218, 219). Derivation of name. Named after inspector Gwen Myres, DPI, who first collected the species in 2003. Comments. Trioza myresae is a member of the Trioza russellae group defined by Brown and Hodkinson (1988) as follows: genal processes small, compound eyes large, metatibiae with 1+2 sclerotized apical spurs, forewing with short evenly curved vein Rs and small cell m 1. Four Neotropical species are included in the group: Trioza russellae Tuthill on Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae), as well as T. arribensis Brown and Hodkinson, 1988, T. inequalis Brown and Hodkinson, 1988, and T. novalata Brown and Hodkinson, 1988, without host information. Trioza myresae differs from the last two species in the strict trifurcation of vein R+M+Cu of the forewing (rather than bifurcation into veins R+M and Cu), the slightly longer genal processes, the paramere which is distinctly shorter than the male proctiger (rather than longer) and the shorter female terminalia. From the first two species, T. myresae differs in the apically slender, forward pointing paramere and the slender, hook-shaped distal segment of the aedeagus. From T. russellae it differs in the host plant and general body shape of the immature, oval and flattened in T. myresae, and very narrow and elongate in T. russellae.Published as part of Halbert, Susan E. & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2020, The psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Florida: newly established and rarely collected taxa and checklist, pp. 1-88 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (788) on pages 69-72, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.456469
Which Interest Rate Should We Use In The Is Curve?
No full textDo interest rates effect investment and the GDP? If so, which ones, and by how much? Research on this topic over 5 decades has produced conflicting results. Yet, this question is of critical importance to the viability of Keynesian macroeconomics. This paper attempts to explain why results have been conflicting. It also attempts to determine with some finality which rate(s), if any, are related to GDP through the standard Keynesian mechanism: the IS curve. The paper tests exhaustively (1) a variety of real and nominal rates, (2) different hypotheses about how businesses calculate “real” interest rates (3) how the number of lags used affects results, (4) whether small sample size inherent in annual time series data adversely affects results, and (5) whether lack of hetroskedasticity and autocorrelation controls in earlier studies influenced their findings. This paper concludes only the real prime or Federal funds rates, lagged two years and the nominal current mortgage rate are significantly related to variation in the GDP, and running the prime rate alone picks up most of the variation in both. The prime rate was found to be twice as important as the mortgage rate. It also finds relatively small size (40 observation) annual data sets do not lead to problems achieving statistical significance, at least in simple IS curve models. It also finds that post - 1980 White and Newey - West correction methods for hetroskedasticity make it far more likely that any of a wide variety of interest rates and lags will be found statistically significant than was the case in earlier studies, but that correcting for multicollinearity between rates again leaves only the real prime and Federal funds rate lagged two periods and perhaps the current nominal mortgage rate significant. The effect of changes in the prime rate and mortgage rates on the GDP, though systematic, appears to be small, implying the IS curve may be nearly vertical and the Fed’s interest rate policy of little significance unless rate changes are draconian. We estimate that even a five percentage - point change in the real Federal funds and prime rates changes GDP only 2.4%, and employment only 1.2% maximally (using Okun’s law). Other findings were that nominal interest rates deflated by adaptive expectations models of inflation using the past two year’s inflation seem to best describe how businesses calculate real rates. Rational expectations models were least successful. Other rates examined include the ten year treasury rate, the Aaa and Baa corporate rates. They were seldom found statistically significant, but the mortgage rate’s estimated marginal effect seems to also capture these rates’ effect on the economy.
Pseudophacopteron gumbolimbo Burckhardt and Halbert 2020, new species
No full textPseudophacopteron gumbolimbo Burckhardt and Halbert, new species LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 60193C12-6921-4278-BD89-9890355EAC19 (Fig. 122–138) Materials examined. Holotype ♂: USA: Florida: Miami-Dade County, Miami, 4400 Rickenbacker Cswy, 4.v.2009, Bursera simaruba (O. Garcia) (FSCA # E2009-2943) (FSCA, dry mounted). – Paratypes. USA: Florida: Collier County: 3 ♀, Marco Island, 25.92545, –81.649317, 0 m, 19.iv.2017, Bursera simaruba (D. Burckhardt and D.L. Queiroz) #17-12(1) (NHMB, slide mounted, in 70% ethanol). Miami-Dade County: 1 ♀, same data as holotype; 3 ♀, Miami, 168 SW170 th Ave., 24.xii.2003, Bursera simaruba (D. Hanna) (FSCA # E2003-6674) (FSCA, dry mounted, in 70% ethanol); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 2 immatures, Miami, 33158, Subtropical Research Station USDA, Chapman Field, 13601 Old Cutler Road, 23.iii.2004, Bursera simaruba (D. Burckhardt) (NHMB, slide mounted); 1 ♂, Miami, Chapman Field, 2.iv.2004, suction trap (G. Myres) (FSCA # E2004-2395) (FSCA, slide mounted); 2 immatures, Miami, 25.ii.2009, Bursera simaruba (O. Garcia) (FSCA # E2009-1008) (FSCA, slide mounted); 2 immatures, Key Biscayne, 4.v.2009, Bursera simaruba (O. Garcia) (FSCA # E2009-2943) (FSCA, NHMB, slide mounted); 1 ♂, Miami, 8–10.i.2010, suction trap 8 m (H. Escobar) (FSCA # E2010-345) (FSCA, dry mounted); 1 ♀, same but 19–25.ii.2013, tall suction trap (H. Escobar) (FSCA # E2013-1932) (FSCA, slide mounted); 1 ♂, same but 29.xii.2014 – 5.i.2015, suction trap (H. Escobar) (FSCA # E2015-90) (NHMB, slide mounted); Monroe County: 17 ♂, 7 ♀, Monroe County, Dry Tortugas, Garden Key, 10.vii.1963, blacklight trap (H.V. Weems); 1 ♂, 9 ♀, same but at Bursera simaruba (H.A. Denmark); 1 ♀, same but without details on host plant or collecting method (E.M. Collins) (USNM, MMBC, dry mounted). Additional distribution information. This species was first recognized in Florida when it was found on Bursera simaruba in Miami by DPI Inspector Gwen Myres on 7.viii.2003 (FSCA # E2003-3561). More collections were made from the same location on 28.viii.2003 (FSCA # E2003-3841), 22.ix.2003 (FSCA # E2003-4610), 17.xii.2003 (FSCA # E2003-6519), 5.i.2004 (FSCA # E2004-135). Collections were made at another location in Miami on 24.xii.2003 (FSCA # E2003-6674) and on 6.i.2004 on B. simaruba by DPI inspector Duraid I. Hanna (FSCA # E2004-130). A specimen, apparently this species, was collected in a blacklight trap on Plantation Key (Monroe County) by H.V. Weems on 1.i.1967. Description. Adult (Fig. 122, 123, 126). Coloration. Head mostly white dorsally, orange-brown ventrally; foveae on vertex reddish. Clypeus white. Antennal segments 1 and 2 orange dorsally, white ventrally, segments 3–8 white with dark brown tips, segments 9 and 10 dark brown or black. Thorax orange with white dots and longitudinal stripes dorsally, ochreous with brown patches and white dots laterally and ventrally. Legs whitish, pro and mesofemora with brown markings in the middle, metacoxa with a brown patch laterally, metafemur brown dorsally and metatibia dark brown basally. Forewings whitish, membrane transparent, marginal vein ochreous, brown patches as follows: broad bands along veins in apical quarter of wing, along the middle of R and the base of M, as well as patches at bifurcation of M and touching point of Rs and M 1+2. Hindwings whitish with brown fore margin in basal half. Abdominal dorsum reddish in the middle with a narrow white longitudinal submedian stripe on either side and a broader reddish-brown sublateral band on either side, dirty whitish ventrally, with some dark brown spots laterally. – Structure. Head hardly inclined from longitudinal body axis (Fig. 122), wider than mesonotum in dorsal view (Fig. 123); in frontal view, about 2.4 times as wide (including eyes) as high (Fig. 125). Vertex dorsally (Fig. 124) with raised median ridge and each a submedian swelling on either side in front; median coronal suture completely reduced; lateral ocelli on slightly raised tubercles; occiput and anteoccipital sclerite narrow. Eyes hemispherical. Genae small, weakly swollen, tubercle below torulus small and acute (Fig. 125). Antenna (Fig. 127) 0.8–1.1 times as long as head width, in males slightly longer than in females, robust, segments 4–9 distinctly widening to apex, each with an apical rhinarium; rhinaria lacking a wreath of long cuticular spines; relative lengths of antennal segment 10 and terminal setae as 1.0: 1.4: 1.8. Clypeus small, pear-shaped, rostrum 0.3–0.4 times as long as head width. Pronotum with one median and a sublateral and lateral tubercle on both sides (Fig. 126). Mesotibia with a row of 3–4 stout setae on outer side subapically (Fig. 128); metafemur relatively long and slender, medially distinctly constricted; metatibia 0.7–0.8 times as long as head width, bearing an open crown of 8–9 unsclerotized spurs apically and one row of 3–4 similar lateral spurs. Forewing (Fig. 129, 130) 2.4 times as long as head width, 2.1–2.3 times as long as wide, irregularly oblong-oval, apex slightly truncate; costal break situated at distal fifth of vein C+Sc; cell cu 1 developed; radular spinules restricted to small patches on both sides of apices of veins M 1+2 and M 3+4 and outer side of Cu 1a apex; surface spinules filling mainly distal half of cells r 1, r 2, m 1, m 2 and entire cells cu 1 and cu 2, leaving spinule-free bands along the veins (Fig. 130). Visible abdominal tergites 2–4 each with large median tubercle (Fig. 126). Male terminalia (Fig. 131–133)with proctiger 0.3 times as long as head width, cylindrical, with a few moderately long setae. Male subgenital plate subglobular, with slightly convex dorsal margin. Paramere about as long as proctiger; digitiform, in profile, nearly straight, apex hardly curved posteriad; inner face sparsely beset with long setae, apex forming a small sclerotized tooth. Distal segment of aedeagus almost as long as proctiger, with long shaft, apical dilation about a third as long as entire segment, irregularly widening towards apex, broadly rounded apically; sclerotized end tube of ductus ejaculatorius relatively long and sinuate. Female terminalia (Fig. 134) with proctiger 0.6 times as long as head width, sparsely covered with a few moderately long setae and with a transverse row of long setae in apical third; dorsal margin of proctiger distal to circumanal ring, in lateral view, weakly concave. Circumanal ring oval, 0.4 times as long as proctiger; consisting of two unequal rows of pores. Subgenital plate 0.7–0.9 times as long as proctiger, subacute apically, apex almost reaching that of proctiger. Dorsal valvulae irregularly triangular, ventral valvulae weakly curved; lacking teeth. – Measurements (in mm; 2 ♂, 2 ♀). Head width 0.48–0.50; antenna length 0.40–0.54; forewing length 1.14–1.32; length of male proctiger 0.12; paramere length 0.12; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.12–0.14; length of female proctiger 0.30. Fifth instar immature (Fig. 135). Coloration. In life, nearly transparent; fringed with wax filaments. General body color light in slide mounted specimens. – Structure. Body oval, 1.4–1.5 times as long as wide; dorsally flat, sclerotized, ventrally inflated, membranous. Dorsal sclerites covered in indistinct, fine granular microsculpture and sparse microscopic setae. Body margin with following numbers (one side only) of truncate lanceolate setae (Fig. 136): head in front of antennal insertion: 15–16; eye: 1; cephaloprothorax behind eye: 22–25; forewing pad: 33–39; hindwing pad: 11–13; third visible abdominal segment: 1; fourth visible abdominal segment: 6–7; caudal plate: 37–40. Antenna 0.4–0.5 times as long as forewing pad length; inserted on ventral side, three-segmented, flagellum indistinctly subdivided, with two rhinaria. Tarsal arolium (Fig. 137) pad-like, with unguitractor but lacking petiole, small, extending approximately to half of length of claws. Anus small, rhomboid, in ventral position; circumanal ring (Fig. 138) relatively small on either side with long seta, with fore and hind margins close together; outer ring composed of a single row of pores, hardly sinuate laterally. – Measurements (in mm; 4 immatures). Body length 1.14–1.24; antenna length 0.18–0.20. Distribution. USA: Florida: Collier, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. Host plants. Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae). Derivation of name. Named after its host, Bursera simaruba, locally called gumbo-limbo. Applied as a noun in apposition. Comments. Pseudophacopteron is a pantropical genus previously not recorded from North America. In the Neotropics, the genus is known from five species from Panama (Brown and Hodkinson 1988) and two species from Brazil (Malenovský et al. 2015). Pseudophacopteron gumbolimbo resembles P. antennatum Brown and Hodkinson, 1988, in the forewing pattern and the shape of the paramere and the female terminalia but differs in the subequal terminal antennal setae, the apically more angular forewings, and in the shape of the apical dilation of the aedeagus, which is relatively narrower and only slightly curved ventrally, hardly hooked. The species probably is native to Florida. Immatures are found on undersides of new leaves, causing no damage other than an occasional indistinct yellow spot. Adults have been collected in the suction trap in Miami- Dade County in all months except August and September. Psyllidae Latreille, 1807 Acizziinae White and Hodkinson, 1985 Acizzia Heslop-Harrison, 1961Published as part of Halbert, Susan E. & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2020, The psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Florida: newly established and rarely collected taxa and checklist, pp. 1-88 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (788) on pages 39-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.456469
A consistent characteristic function-based test for conditional independence
No full textY is conditionally independent of Z given X if Pr{f(y vertical bar X, Z) =f(y vertical bar X)} = 1 for all y on its support, where f(center dot vertical bar center dot).) denotes the conditional density of Y given (X,Z) or X. This paper proposes a nonparametric test of conditional independence based on the notion that two conditional distributions are equal if and only if the corresponding conditional characteristic functions are equal. We extend the test of Su and White (2005. A Hellinger-metric nonparametric test for conditional independence. Discussion Paper, Department of Economics, UCSD) in two directions: (1) our test is less sensitive to the choice of bandwidth sequences; (2) our test has power against deviations on the full support of the density of (X, Y, Z). We establish asymptotic normality for our test statistic under weak data dependence conditions. Simulation results suggest that the test is well behaved in finite samples. Applications to stock market data indicate that our test can reveal some interesting nonlinear dependence that a traditional linear Granger causality test fails to detect. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000250871900018&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701EconomicsMathematics, Interdisciplinary ApplicationsSocial Sciences, Mathematical MethodsSCI(E)EISSCI27ARTICLE2807-83414
Clastoptera querci Thompson, Halbert and Rothschild 2020, new species
No full textClastoptera querci Thompson, Halbert and Rothschild, new species (Fig. 1 b–e and 2a–i) Type locality. Largo, Pinellas County, Florida, USA Diagnosis. Small (3–4 mm long), tan to brown, moderately globose; tegmina with non-descript dorsal pattern; ten characteristic reddish marks, 6 on anterior margin of pronotum, 4 on vertex (Fig. 1b, 2d); face without dark transverse striations, light yellow-tan band across lower postclypeus (Fig. 2c); small, well-defined dot-like bulla (apical callous) in first apical cell near tegminal costal margin (Fig. 2b). Dorsal basal portion of second valvula indented to shaft for about 1/4 th total length (Fig. 2h). Description Head. Fig. 2c, d. Ocelli nearer anterior margin of vertex than pronotum, distance between ocelli about equal to distance between ocellus and eye, and about half median length of vertex; vertex base color tan, sometimes with greenish tint, small disc of reddish color around each ocellus; oval reddish marks in shallow pits between each ocellus and eye, intensity of these 4 reddish marks varying, sometimes to point of vanishing, and hue varying from red to red-orange to pink, apparently redder in living specimens (Fig. 1b); transverse light yellow-brown carina at anterior margin of vertex; tylus inconspicuous, barely visible in dorsal view beyond the vertex; postclypeus moderately inflated, base color tan, 8 pairs bilateral lightly pigmented transverse striations interrupted at midline with light yellow-brown band covering 3 ventral pairs, slight depression midline widening towards ventral side, scattered setae toward yellow-tan, pilose anteclypeus; lora almost white, pilose. Pronotum. Fig. 2d. Maximum width between humeral angles about 1.90 mm, same as maximum width of head, eyes included; anterior margin convex; posterior margin deeply emarginated with bilateral convex rounded lobes; lateral margins strongly divergent, about as long as distance between posterior lobe tips where they intersect scutellar margins; humeral angles flaring sharply between eyes and tegmina; base color tan or yellow-tan, sometimes tinged with green, especially anteriorly, usually but not always with superimposed darker, grey-tan, bilaterally symmetrical patch covering much or most of pronotum except margins and humeral flares, this sometimes bisected at median into two patches (note: in the holotype this patch is asymmetrical, Fig. 2d); transverse wrinkles cover whole, about 13 at median, about 16 between tips of posterior lobes and anterior rim, some anastomosing; slight median longitudinal carina from about ridges 4 to 8; ridge between fourth and fifth wrinkles from anterior margin with band of dark yellow in center moving to next ridge back about 1/3 distance toward lateral margins; anterior ridge margin thicker than others, yellow-tan with 6 reddish marks, outermost behind eyes, innermost pair behind ocelli, these last not meeting anterior margin, all 6 marks varying in size, distinctness, hue and intensity among individuals, as noted for reddish markings on vertex. Scutellum. Fig. 2a. slightly more than 1.5 times length of pronotum, width about two thirds scutellum length, finely pilose, bilaterally creased for one quarter of width at just less than half length, tan base color; yellowbrown patch on anterior margin almost to creases, not including lateral margins; inner anterior section slightly depressed. Tegmina. Fig. 2a, b. Length 2.5–3.5 mm; tan base color, finely pilose; color often darker brown on inflated area occupying most of distal portion of corium from claval suture to costal margin; narrow brown band from claval apex wing break down toward bulla, lighter color middle third costal margin, indistinct light diagonal line midscutellum rearward to inflation; bulla in basal portion first apical cell, shiny dark brown, raised, well-defined, about 0.2 mm diameter, white veins directly bordering basal side; appendix pale, hyaline, without pilae. Legs. Fig. 2a, c. Tan, elongated light brown marks on first and second femora, darker marks on hind pair; 2 robust spines on hind tibia, distal larger; hind tibia with ring of 6 spines, first tarsomere ring 8 spines, second tarsomere ring 7 spines, all brown tipped with black. Abdomen. Mottled tan-brown, pilose, posterior sternite edges with tan border. Male genitalia. Fig. 2g, i. Genital capsule about 0.40 mm across in posterior view; prominent pygofer processes curve ventrad and inward to almost meet tips of styles bending sharply dorsad and outward; styles laterally flattened, widening at ends in shallow bifurcation; pygofer processes sclerotized from point of sharp ventral bend to narrow rounded tip with slight end bulge; styles sclerotized from sharp bend to distal end; subgenital plates truncated, inconspicuous, protruding over anterior phallobase, posterior margins sclerotized; aedeagus curving dorsad, 0.24 mm long in ventral view from edge of phallobase, simple tube narrowing to shortly before gonopore, then widening to gonopore, flared flattened flange past gonopore. Ovipositor. Fig. 2h. Inner (second) valvula 0.95 mm long, base color translucent tan; indented to shaft on basal portion of dorsal edge for about one quarter length, then feather shaped to distal end; small, inconspicuous setae on first two thirds of outer side of dorsal section above shaft, tip brownish, fine teeth lining the ventral section for about the apical half of its length (note: this second valvula is distinct in form from all 28 species illustrated in Doering 1928); outer (first) valvula distal section 0.75 mm long, scattered small setae on upper dorsal apical section. Variant dark color form. Fig. 2e. Brown base color tegmina, pronotum, scutellum, vertex, postclypeus, legs and abdomen, sometimes obscuring but not completely masking distinctive red and dark yellow markings of vertex and pronotum; diagonal white tegminal line prominent; pronotum with dark brown longitudinal median line, this against brown background distinctive and diagnostic. Measurements. In mm, mean ± SD (range), 23 specimens measured. Body length (tip of tylus to tips of tegmina in dorsal view): ♂ 3.48±0.16 (3.18–3.68), ♀ 3.81±0.14 (3.51–4.05). Tegmen length (wing base to tip): ♂ 2.76 ±0.09 (2.60–2.90), ♀ 3.01±0.20 (3.65–3.50). Head width (maximum including eyes) = pronotum width (between humeral angles): ♂ 1.72±0.08 (1.60–1.80), ♀ 1.93±0.06 (1.85–2.07). Pronotum length (at median): ♂ 0.77±0.04 (0.70–0.83), ♀ 0.85±0.06 (0.75–1.00). Scutellum length (at median): ♂ 1.18±0.07 (1.10–1.28), ♀ 1.36±0.07 (1.25– 1.48). Scutellum width (at widest point): ♂ 0.79±0.03 (0.73–0.83), ♀ 0.89±0.05 (0.80–0.95). Material examined. Text within quotation marks is a verbatim transcription of pin label information, with the exception of the symbol “/”, which separates line breaks within labels on the same pin, and semicolons, which separate labels on the same pin (unless the semicolon is typed on the label). Semicolons following quotation marks separate specimens or groups of specimens with different information, each of which begins with a gender symbol and the number of specimens, if more than one. Holotype (♀, dissected, deposited at FSCA), with labels: “ USA: FLORIDA Pinellas County / Largo 12615 102 Ave N / 27.8766, -82.80722 / 16-IX-2013 Mark Spearman / & Jason Spiller Quercus vir - / giniana FSCA # E2013-6887; CLASTOPTERIDAE / Clastoptera sp. / det. Susan E. Halbert 2013”; Paratypes (3 ♀, dissected), with same label information as holotype; (2 ♂, 1 dissected; 2 ♀) with labels “ USA: FLORIDA Pinellas County / Largo 12520 Ulmerton Rd / 2-VIII-2013 Bob Albanese & / Mark Spearman Quercus vir - / giniana E2013-5599; CLASTOPTERIDAE / Clastoptera sp.” (Note: only 2 ♂ and 2♀ from this series were used for measurements. There are six additional paratypes from this series, 2 ♂ and 4♀.) Altogether, there are 13 paratypes, of which two will be deposited at AMNH, two will be deposited at the USNM, and two will be deposited at the Snow Entomological Museum. The rest will remain at the FSCA. Additional material examined for description and measurements: ♂ “ USA: FLORIDA Alachua County / 3527 NW 52 Ave 28-VII-2014 / Steve Hildebrandt large #s in / dwelling FSCA # E2014-5181; CLASTOPTERIDAE / Clastoptera sp. / det. Susan E. Halbert 2014” (Note: There were three additional specimens in this series.); ♀ “ USA: FLORIDA / Alachua County / Gainesville, / Kanapaha Park / 29.6176°. -82.4187°; 17 July 2014 / M.J. Rothschild / on Quercus / virginiana ”; ♀ “ USA: FLORIDA / Alachua County / Gainesville, / DPI grounds / 29.6352°, -82.3709° / 7 June 2018 / M.J. Rothschild on / Quercus laurifolia ”; ♂ “ USA: FLORIDA Broward Co / Davie 15110 SW 26 St / 24-VIII-2011 Antonio Demien / Quercus FSCA # E2011-5994; CERCOPIDAE / Clastoptera undulata Uhler / det. Susan E. Halbert 2011”; ♀ “ USA, FL, Levy Co. Goethe S.F. / Gasline / Beehive Rds. 29.1608 / -82.5983 Flatwoods. MV /UVL / 19-VII-2014 J. Hayden, K. & M. / Schnepp, J. Bremer, K. Rogers ”; ♀ “ USA: FLORIDA Marion Co / Ocala Foxwood Farms Mobile / Homes Park NW 45 Ter. / 29.21030; -82.19701 / 9-IX-2013 Mark J. Rothschild / Quercus virginiana / FSCA # E2013-6580; CLASTOPTERIDAE / Clastoptera sp. / det. Susan E. Halbert 2013” (Note: there were two additional specimens in this series.); (2 ♀, same labels) “ USA: FL, Miami-Dade / Co. Homestead, 21315 / SW 312 St., 17-VII-2015 / Jake Farnum leg.; Quercus virginiana / FSCA # E2015-4065 ”; ♂ “ USA: FLORIDA Orange Co / Ocoee 6737 Lumberjack Ln / 12-IX-2012 Jesse Krok Citrus x / paradisi FSCA # E2012-7060; CERCOPIDAE / Clastoptera undulata Uhler / det. Susan E. Halbert & / Mark J. Rothschild 2012”; Dark forms: ♀ dark form “ USA: FLORIDA / Hernando Co. / US-41, 3.2km S of / Citrus Co. line; 28.6407°, -82.3376° / 21 March 2018 / M.J. Rothschild, on: / Quercus laurifolia ”; ♀ dark form “ USA: FLORIDA / Marion Co., Ocala / Tuscawilla Park / 29.1937°, -82.1314°; 11 June 2014 / M.J. Rothschild / on Quercus / virginiana ”; ♀ dark form “ USA: FLORIDA / Marion Co., Ocala, / Jervy Gantt Park / 29.1673°, -82.0921°; 1 March 2018 / M.J. Rothschild / on Quercus / virginiana ”; ♀ dark form “ USA: FLORIDA / Marion County / Ocala, Pine Oaks / Golf Course; 29.2101°, -82.1607° / 30 March 2019 / M.J. Rothschild. on: / Quercus virginiana ”; ♀ dark form “ USA: FLORIDA / Marion County, NW of / Ocala, NW 44 th Ave. / 3.4km N of US-27; 29.2415°, -82.1922° / 31 March 2019 / M.J. Rothschild. on: / Quercus laurifolia ”; ♀ dark form “ USA: FLORIDA / Sumter Co., Oxford, / near Post Office / 28.9315°, -82.0381°; 28 March 2018 / M.J. Rothschild. / on: Quercus / laurifolia ”. Altogether, there are 23 specimens in this category, of which two, including one dark form, will be deposited at the AMNH. Others will remain at the FSCA. Nymphs. First through fifth instar nymphs preserved in ethanol are illustrated in Fig. 2f. Early instar living nymphs are illustrated in Fig. 1d. Except for eyes (dark red), stylets (brown) and partial greying or tanning of leg parts, wing pads and dorsal thorax in some fifth instar specimens, external parts are unpigmented white, including ocelli. In contrast to at least one other Clastoptera study (Kuenzi and Coppel 1985), head capsule width overlaps among adjacent instars, but instars are separable by a combination of body length, presence of ocelli, proportion of head to body, reach of stylets, presence of visible bacteriomes, and level of development of wing pads and leg spines (Table 1). First instar nymphs have off-yellow bacteriomes visible through the lateral sides of the abdomen just before it narrows towards the rear (see Moran et al. 2005 for illustrations of Clastoptera bacteriomes and an explanation of their biological significance). Later ethanol-preserved instars lack visible bacteriomes. The head and thorax of preserved fifth instar nymphs in ventral view present an uncanny likeness to Darth Vader in white. Nymphal observations are based on specimens collected from Quercus virginiana in the Largo, Florida type locality (supplemented by four first instars from Alachua Co. on Quercus sp. and two second instars from Miami-Dade Co. on Q. virginiana). Eggs. Unknown. Etymology. The species name querci is from Latin Quercus, for oak, the host plant group. Comparative notes The known Florida Clastoptera fauna includes five other described species: Clastoptera obtusa (Say), Clastoptera proteus Fitch, Clastoptera saint-cyri Provancher, Clastoptera undulata Uhler and Clastoptera xanthocephala Germar (Osborn 1921; Porter 1955; Mead and Bennett 1987). Clastoptera saint-cyri, C. proteus and the two color forms of C. xanthocephala are black, black with prominent yellow markings, or uniform grey-tan and bear no resemblance to C. querci. Clastoptera undulata and C. obtusa resemble C. querci more closely, and all three species exhibit variation in dorsal color pattern, complicating separation. Clastoptera obtusa is largest, C. undulata smallest, with C. querci in between, but the size ranges overlap. However, in addition to the distinctive C. querci vertex-anterior pronotal markings (Fig. 1d, 2d), these species can be separated by facial pattern. In both C. obtusa (Hamilton 1982, fig. 71) and C. undulata the postclypeus has dark, medially interrupted transverse striations and a broad contrasting dark brown band towards the bottom. The striations are much fainter in C. querci, with only a light yellow-tan band towards the bottom of the postclypeus (Fig. 2c: obscured in some individuals of the dark form by the overall darker coloration). Clastoptera querci never has a contrasting dark brown band on the clypeus. These species also have different hosts: C. undulata occurs primarily on Casuarina spp. (Porter 1955; Mead and Bennett 1987), a group that attracts several Clastoptera species (Thompson 1999), while Florida C. obtusa occur primarily on Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. (Mead and Bennett 1987). There are three eastern USA Clastoptera species that have not been recorded yet in Florida but might be confused with C. querci: The white nymphs of Clastoptera testacea Fitch live on white oaks (Quercus spp.) (Hanna 1970; VT observations) and superficially resemble nymphs of C. querci. However, C. testacea nymphs have red ocelli (VT observations), in contrast to the unpigmented ocelli in C. querci. They also have prominent red and yellow abdominal bacteriome structures (VT observations), whereas these structures are visible in C. querci only in the tiny first instar nymphs (Table 1). Adult C. testacea are sexually dimorphic and neither the black males nor the tan, relatively elongated females (Hamilton 1982, fig. 48 and 49) resemble C. querci. Clastoptera laevigata Hamilton can be distinguished by the presence of four black marks on the vertex and six on the anterior pronotum (Wheeler and Kramer 1983; Hamilton 2015, fig. 1D); also, C. laevigata lives on Celtis spp. (Wheeler and Kramer 1983). Clastoptera octonotata Hamilton has brown vertex and anterior pronotal markings and a broad white diagonal band across the clavus (Hamilton 2015, fig. 1C); it lives on Vitis rotundifolia Michaux (Hamilton 2015). Note: the Florida “ C. obtusa ” reported by Mead and Bennett (1987) to live on “wild grape” are more likely C. octonotata. Life history and biology DPI records include 138 probable samples (396 specimens) of C. querci, collected by DPI inspectors and others. There are 104 samples with some recorded host information. Forty-eight of those samples list Quercus (spp.) as the host. Of those 48, 30 were collected on the oaks, including all samples with nymphs, and 18 adult samples were from traps of various kinds. Fifty-six samples were reported from plants other than Quercus. Of these, 38 were from traps of various kinds. There were 18 samples of adults collected directly from plants other than Quercus. All were single adults except for a sample of three adults from Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (lemon), and a sample of three adults from Vaccinium L. sp. Based on this information, it appears that Quercus is the only reproductive host, but adults might visit other plants. It is not known if adults found on other plants were feeding, resting, or in the case of trap catches, merely flying around in large numbers, accidentally being collected in a trap. Multi-Lure traps for fruit flies are bright yellow, which could have attracted the spittlebugs. An additional eight collections from oaks and one collection from a trap, which were not entered into the DPI database, are included among the specimens used for the description. Records of submissions from the DPI database indicate a peak of both adults and nymphs between June and October, with highest numbers in August (Fig. 3). We do not have enough data to determine whether the slight increase in numbers of adults in December reflects a small second generation in the winter. A teneral adult collected in April suggests a winter or early spring generation, but no nymphs have been found yet at that time of year. The biological significance of the dark color form, including whether it might be genetically determined or a seasonal phenotype, is unknown. Most of the of the specimens and collections from host plants for C. querci originate from oaks. Among these, a large majority of the ones for which the oak species is known come from Quercus virginiana Mill., the southern live oak, which appears to be the most common and widespread host. The full record of host records on oaks is as follows, including data from collections that are not from the DPI database: Q. virginiana 181 specimens (20 collections) Q. hemisphaerica Bartram ex Willd. 25 specimens (8 collections) Number of samples Q. shumardii Buckley 40 specimens (1 collection) Q. nigra L. 6 specimens (1 collection) Q. laevis Walter 2 specimens (1 collection) Quercus sp. (species not known) 23 specimens (6 collections) In addition, the remains of a colony (skin and spittle) were found on Quercus acutissima Carruthers. In the areas covered, Quercus laurifolia Michx. and Q. hemisphaerica both are present and difficult to distinguish. This accounts for the attribution of samples in some specimen records in Material Examined to Q. laurifolia. These are included above as coming from Q. hemisphaerica. Distribution Clastoptera querci is now widely distributed in Florida (Fig. 1a). It occurs coast to coast in Central and Southern Florida and reaches Alachua County in the north. It has not been collected in the Florida Panhandle or outside Florida. Counties in peninsular Florida without records probably reflect lack of collecting rather than lack of C. querci.Published as part of Thompson, Vinton, Halbert, Susan E. & Rothschild, Mark, 2020, A new species of the spittlebug genus Clastoptera Germar (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) on Florida oaks, pp. 1-16 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (796) on pages 4-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.456514
Nothotrioza longipedis Burckhardt and Halbert 2020, new species
No full textNothotrioza longipedis Burckhardt and Halbert, new species LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73C22DC3-A9D7-465D-A080-1DDD8D429EA4 (Fig. 185–200) Materials examined. Holotype ♀: USA: Florida: Monroe County, Big Pine Key, Key Deer Boulevard across street from Wildwood Lane, 24.69651, –81.37375, 17.ii.2017, Mosiera longipes (J. Farnum) (FSCA # E2017-428) (FSCA, dry mounted). – Paratypes. USA: Florida: Monroe County: 2 ♂, 5 ♀, 54 immatures, 13 skins, same but 22.ix.1988, leaf galls on Mosiera longipes (M. Hennessey) (FSCA, slide mounted, in 70% ethanol); 1 ♀, 1 immature, same data as holotype but 24.688445, –81.369544, 7.ix.2016, Mosiera longipes (J. Farnum) (FSCA # E2016-4246) (FSCA, slide mounted, 70% ethanol); 1 immature, same data but dirt road opposite 1525, 24.68937, –8136969, 17.ii.2017, Mosiera longipes (J. Farnum) (FSCA # E2017-429) (FSCA, slide mounted). Description. Adult (Fig. 185, 186). Coloration. General body color dark brown with light pattern as follows. Vertex with brown disc and whitish margins; occiput whitish. Antennal segments 1 and 2 yellowish, 3–8 brown with dark apex, 9 and 10 dark brown or almost black. Pronotum dirty whitish with brown dots laterally; mesopraescutum brown anteriorly, whitish posteriorly; mesoscutum with four brown longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum whitish laterally; metapostnotum orange laterally. Tibiae and basitarsi yellowish. Forewing membrane (Fig. 187) transparent, colorless; veins whitish basally light brown apically. Hindwing membrane transparent, colorless. Abdomen dorsally with white median longitudinal stripe, broad at base and apex, narrow in the middle; intersegmental membranes orange or yellow; terminalia brown. – Structure. Head (Fig. 188) inclined at about 45° from longitudinal body axis, wider than pronotum and slightly narrower than mesoscutum. Vertex and dorsal surface of thorax beset with short inconspicuous setae. Antenna 1.7 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.2: 0.2; relative length of segment 10, longer and shorter terminal setae as 1.0: 2.5: 1.8; shorter terminal seta shorter than antennal segments 9 and 10 together. Rostrum 0.5–0.6 times as long as head width. Thorax weakly arched dorsally. Metatibiae 0.7 times as long as head width; with (2–4)+(3–4) apical spurs. Forewing (Fig. 187) 3.8–4.1 times as long as head width, 2.6–2.7 times as long as wide; vein Rs weakly curved; cell cu 1 relatively large and high, distance between apices of veins M 3+4 and Cu 1a around 0.9 times as long as that between apices of veins Cu 1a and Cu 1b, and distance between apices of vein Cu 1a and Cu 1b about 2.0 times as long as length of vein Cu 1b; surface spinules absent except for a few scattered ones at base; field of radular spinules in cell m 2 about as long as those in cells m 1 and cu 1. Male terminalia (Fig. 189–191) with proctiger 0.5 times as long as head width, beset with long hairs in apical two thirds; in profile, with irregularly curved posterior lobe widest in basal third. Male subgenital plate subglobular, covered in long hairs mostly ventrally. Paramere, in profile, lamellar, with subparallel margins in basal two thirds, slightly narrowing to apex in apical third, with strongly sclerotized apical tooth directed caudad; covered in long setae in apical third on outer face and in long bristles in apical two thirds on inner face. Proximal segment of aedeagus strongly inflated apically; distal segment nearly straight in basal two thirds, hardly inflated apically; sclerotized end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, strongly curved. Female terminalia (Fig. 192) cuneate. Female proctiger 0.9 times as long as head width, slightly sinuous dorsally, strongly narrowed near apex which is blunt; circumanal ring 0.4 times as long as proctiger, consisting mostly of two rows of unequal pores, except for caudal area which is slightly expanded consisting of a field of round pores; base and apex bearing scattered setae, denser apically, in the middle with medium long setae, with an oblique longitudinal row of very long setae in apical third. Female subgenital plate 0.7 times as long as proctiger, cuneate, pointed apically, beset with setae in apical two thirds, short towards base, long towards apex. Dorsal valvulae cuneate, strongly narrowed apically and bearing a row of dorsal teeth; ventral valvulae almost straight, pointed apically, without teeth. – Measurements (in mm; 1 ♂, 1 ♀). Head width 0.62–0.64; antenna length 1.08; forewing length 2.38–2.62; length of male proctiger 0.30; paramere length 0.24; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.28; length of female proctiger 0.60. Fifth instar immature (Fig. 193–195). Coloration. General body color yellowish or ochreous. Eyes dark red. Sclerotized dorsal abdominal plate dark brown; in life, abdomen covered dorsally with white wax (Fig. 193). – Structure. Body elongate and very narrow, 2.4–3.1 times as long as wide; dorsal surface covered in short and very long setae. Antennae 0.4–0.5 times as long as forewing pad, curved, 3-segmented with 4 rhinaria on segment 3. Tarsal arolium (Fig. 197) triangular about twice as long as claws, with unguitractor but without pedicel. Fore and hindwing pads long and narrow, glabrous dorsally. Abdominal dorsum modified into strongly sclerotized almost circular disc-like plate (Fig. 198); several rows of very long setae along the margins, disc covered by lanceolate setae (Fig. 199); abdominal apex rounded. Venter, proximal to circumanal ring with two irregular transverse rows of sclerotized peg setae; outer circumanal ring (Fig. 200) V-shaped, consisting of several rows of pores. – Measurements (in mm; 6 immatures). Body length 2.26–2.58; antenna length 0.36–0.44. Distribution. USA: Florida (Monroe County). Host plant. Mosiera longipes (O. Berg) Small (Myrtaceae). The immatures induce pouch galls on the leaves (Fig. 194). The immature can close the opening of the gall with its strongly sclerotized, modified abdomen. Derivation of name. Named after its host Mosiera longipes. Comments. Nothotrioza Burckhardt is a small Neotropical genus with three described species from Brazil inducing globular leaf galls (Carneiro et al. 2013). Two species are associated with Psidium spp. (Myrtaceae) and one was reported from an unidentified species of Malpighiaceae which is, however, a misidentification of a Psidium species (R.G.S. Carneiro, pers. comm.). In recently collected material from Brazil, there are at least as many undescribed species inducing globular leaf galls on Psidium spp. Nothotrioza longipedis shares with the other Nothotriza species the lack of genal processes and the large number of metatibial spurs in the adults, the 3-segmented antennae and the V-shaped outer circumanal ring in the immatures, as well as the association with Myrtaceae and the gall-inducing habit. It differs from the Brazilian species in the smaller body size, the less inclined head, the less hairy (shorter and sparser) vertex and thoracic dorsum, the dorsally less arched thorax, in details of the male and female terminalia, the very narrow, elongate last instar immature, with an apically rounded abdomen which is dorsally sclerotized and modified into an almost circular disc. It differs also in the pouch galls it induces on the host leaves, as opposed to the globular galls produced by Brazilian species. Phylloplecta Riley, 1884Published as part of Halbert, Susan E. & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2020, The psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Florida: newly established and rarely collected taxa and checklist, pp. 1-88 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (788) on pages 64-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.456469
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