43 research outputs found
Acute response of finger circulation to force and vibration applied to the palm of the hand
No full textEffect of prior exposure to hand-transmitted vibration on cold response of digital arteries
No full textAcute effects of continuous and intermittent vibration on finger circulation
No full textOBJECTIVES:
To compare the acute response of finger circulation to continuous and intermittent vibration having the same total duration of vibration exposure and the same energy-equivalent acceleration magnitude. METHODS:
Finger blood flow (FBF) was measured in the middle and little fingers of both hands of ten healthy men. Finger skin temperature (FST) was measured in the middle right finger. With a static load of 10 N, the middle finger of the right hand was exposed to 125 Hz at 44 m s(-2) root mean square (r.m.s.) in five conditions: (1). 30 min continuous exposure, (2). two periods of 15 min, separated by a 15 min period with no vibration, (3). four periods of 7.5 min, separated by 7.5 min periods with no vibration, (4). eight periods of 3.75 min, separated by 3.75 min periods with no vibration, (5). 16 periods of 1.88 min, separated by 1.88 min periods with no vibration. All five exposures correspond to an 8 h energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration magnitude of 1.4 m s(-2) r.m.s. according to International Standard ISO 5349-1 (2001). Finger circulation was measured in all four digits before the application of vibration and at fixed intervals during vibration exposure and during a 45 min recovery period. RESULTS:
The FST did not change during vibration exposure, whereas all vibration conditions produced significant reductions in FBF of the vibrated finger when compared with the pre-exposure FBF. During vibration exposure, the vibration caused a similar degree of vasoconstriction in the vibrated finger without evidence of cumulative effects during intermittent exposure. After the end of exposure to 30 min of continuous vibration there was a progressive decrease in the FBF, whereas there was no statistically significant reduction following exposure to intermittent vibration. CONCLUSIONS:
For the vibration stimuli investigated (exposure durations varying from 1.88 min to 30 min, with rest periods varying from 1.88 min to 15 min), the reduction of FBF during exposure was the same for continuous and intermittent vibration. The after effect of vibration was greater following the continuous vibration exposure. Although some evidence from this study is consistent with the notion that intermittent vibration has a less severe effect than continuous vibration, this evidence is not yet conclusive
Acute effects of force and vibration on finger blood flow
No full textObjectives: To investigate the effects of contact force at the finger on acute changes in finger circulation during exposure to vibration. Methods: Each of 10 subjects attended 11 sessions in which they experienced five successive experimental 5-minute periods: (i) no force and no vibration; (ii) force and no vibration; (iii) force and vibration; (iv) force and no vibration; (v) no force and no vibration. During periods (ii) to (iv), the intermediate phalanx of the right middle finger applied one of two forces (2 N or 5 N) on a platform that vibrated during period (iii) at one of two frequencies: 31.5 Hz (at 4 or 16 ms–2 r.m.s.) or 125 Hz (at 16 or 64 ms–2 r.m.s.). Finger blood flow was measured in the exposed right middle finger, the unexposed right little finger, and the unexposed left middle fingers throughout the 25 minutes of each session. Results: The application of force alone caused a reduction in finger blood flow in the exposed finger, but not other fingers. There were additional reductions in finger blood flow caused by vibration, with greater reductions at the higher vibration magnitudes at both frequencies but no difference between the two frequencies when using unweighted acceleration. The vibration caused a similar vasoconstriction in vibrated and non-vibrated fingers. Conclusions: Modest levels of force applied by a finger can have a large effect on the finger blood flow, possibly due to the constriction of local blood vessels. The acute vascular effects of vibration cause additional reductions in finger blood flow that are not limited to the finger experiencing force and vibration. In all fingers (exposed and not exposed to vibration), the greater the magnitude of vibration, the greater the reduction in finger blood flow. In all fingers (exposed and not exposed to vibration), when the vibration was frequency weighted according to current standards, 125 Hz vibration caused greater reductions in finger blood flow than 31.5 Hz vibration
Immigration and Human Development: Evidence from Lebanon
No full textThis paper takes Lebanon as a case study to examine the relationship between human development and immigration. It examines this issue from both ends: the sending and the receiving countries. The author suggests that by developing the concept of a diasporic civil society and a diasporic public sphere, a significant aspect of the relationship between human development and immigration is illuminated especially at the level of political, social and cultural capitals. The paper also argues that the double impact of the home country and that of destination has a lot to say about the influence of immigration on human development in Lebanon. In examining Australia as a destination country, the paper shows the particular impact that globalisation and September 11 have lately had on the capacity of the Lebanese migrants for human development. Finally, the paper concludes by showing the extent to which the diasporic civil society compensates for the ‘negligent’ character of the Lebanese state in the context of human development.Lebanese diaspora, human development, diasporic civil society, diasporic public sphere, economic and social capitals
Immigration and Human Development: Evidence from Lebanon
No full textThis paper takes Lebanon as a case study to examine the relationship between human development and immigration. It examines this issue from both ends: the sending and the receiving countries. The author suggests that by developing the concept of a diasporic civil society and a diasporic public sphere, a significant aspect of the relationship between human development and immigration is illuminated especially at the level of political, social and cultural capitals. The paper also argues that the double impact of the home country and that of destination has a lot to say about the influence of immigration on human development in Lebanon. In examining Australia as a destination country, the paper shows the particular impact that globalisation and September 11 have lately had on the capacity of the Lebanese migrants for human development. Finally, the paper concludes by showing the extent to which the diasporic civil society compensates for the ‘negligent’ character of the Lebanese state in the context of human development.Lebanese diaspora, human development, diasporic civil society, diasporic public sphere, economic and social capitals
On the Negative Disjunction Property
No full textIn the field of intermediate logics, the concept of the disjunction property (DP) plays an important part. Lloyd Humberstone has drawn my attention to an analogious principle called the Negative Disjunction Property ( NDP) which applies when the disjuncts involved are negated. The author investigates the NDP in the case of intermediate propositional logics.
Key words: intermediate logic, disjunction property, negative disjunction property, Heyting algebra, Janko
Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab and other native trees in Western Australia
No full textIn this study seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae are described from baobab (Adansonia gibbosa) and surrounding endemic tree species growing in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were predominantly endophytes isolated from apparently healthy sapwood and bark of endemic trees; others were isolated from dying branches. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and EF1- sequence data revealed seven new species: Dothiorella longicollis, Fusicoccum ramosum, Lasiodiplodia margaritacea, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, P. ardesiacum and P. kimberleyense
Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae
No full textBotryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have anamorphs apparently typical of Botryosphaeria s.str. Recent studies have also linked Botryosphaeria to species with pigmented, septate ascospores, and Dothiorella anamorphs, or Fusicoccum anamorphs with Dichomera synanamorphs. The aim of this study was to employ DNA sequence data of the 28S rDNA to resolve apparent lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae. From these data, 12 clades are recognised. Two of these lineages clustered outside the Botryosphaeriaceae, namely Diplodia-like anamorphs occurring on maize, which are best accommodated in Stenocarpella (Diaporthales), as well as an unresolved clade including species of Camarosporium/Microdiplodia. We recognise 10 lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae, including an unresolved clade (Diplodia/Lasiodiplodia/ Tiarosporella), Botryosphaeria s.str. (Fusicoccum anamorphs), Macrophomina, Neoscytalidium gen. nov., Dothidotthia (Dothiorella anamorphs), Neofusicoccum gen. nov. (Botryosphaeria-like teleomorphs, Diapjomera-like synanamorphs), Pseudofusicoccum gen. nov., Saccharata (Fusicoccum- and Diplodia-like synanamorphs), "Botryosphaeria" quercuum (Diplodia-like anamorph), and Guignardia (Phyllosticta anamorphs). Separate teleomorph and anamorph names are not provided for newly introduced genera, even where both morphs are known. The taxonomy of some clades and isolates (e.g. B. mamane) remains unresolved due to the absence of ex-type cultures
A Normalized Natural Deduction System for the Logic MC
No full textCurrently, there is no decidability proof for the sentential logic MC of meaning containment, due it not quite fitting standard semantic or Gentzen methods. This paper presents a normalized Fitch-style natural deduction system for MC, building on one previously published by the author for the neighbouring logic DW, but with modifications due to the presence in MC of Conjunctive Syllogism and the absence of Distribution. Decidability is achieved for MC through the use of the Subformula Property associated with normalization and the identity between the depth of a subformula in the final formula under test and the depth of subproof in which such a subformula can be located in the normalized natural deduction proof. 
