8 research outputs found
Textile Wastewater Post Treatment Using Ozonation
No full textThe textile industry is one of the industries that discharge an enormous quantity of highly colored wastewater because of the large amount of water used in the process. Textile wastewater is the potential to polluting the environment due to the high color contained in it. One of the problems in processing textile wastewater with conventional treatment methods is the ineffectiveness of color removal. A post-treatment is needed for treated wastewater to remove the color. One of the methods is by using the ozonation method. In this preliminary study, the decolorization of artificial textile wastewater containing azo dye reactive-black 5 (RB5) from secondary treatment was investigated in a batch system. Artificial treated textile wastewater from secondary biological treatment was made using 5,26 mg/L azo dye RB5 in 16 L volume of the reactor. The preliminary batch study showed that the optimum color removal achieved in 24.66 mg/minute ozone dose in a batch system with 20,89 mg/minute ozone consumption. Within 5 minutes of ozonation, color removal achieved was 100%, and COD removal achieved was 75%
Evaluasi dan Pengembangan Jaringan Distribusi Air Minum di PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi: Studi Kasus Cabang Babelan dan Cabang Sukatani: indonesia
No full textRapid population growth in the Babelan and Sukatani areas of Bekasi Regency has significantly increased the demand for clean water, posing a challenge for PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi in maintaining a reliable and sustainable drinking water supply. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the existing water distribution network and propose an optimized development plan to meet projected demand through 2041. The methodology includes population and water demand projections, evaluation of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) capacity, hydraulic simulation using EPANET 2.0, and cost estimation for network development. The results show that by 2041, the population in Babelan and Sukatani is projected to reach 418,390 and 149,700 people respectively, with corresponding water demands of 481.8 L/s and 172.5 L/s. The existing WTP capacities are insufficient, particularly in Sukatani, which currently operates at only 44 L/s. Hydraulic simulation indicates that a looping distribution system is more effective than a branching system in improving water pressure and reducing losses. However, implementing a looping system requires a higher investment, estimated at approximately IDR 15 billion, compared to IDR 10 billion for a branching system. Given these findings, the study recommends that PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi prioritize increasing WTP capacity and adopt a looping-based distribution network to ensure long-term service reliability, particularly in high-growth areas. This approach offers both technical and economic benefits for future water supply planning and can serve as a model for other regions facing similar challenges.Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat di wilayah Babelan dan Sukatani, Kabupaten Bekasi, menyebabkan peningkatan signifikan terhadap kebutuhan air minum. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi dalam menyediakan layanan distribusi air yang andal dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja sistem jaringan distribusi air minum eksisting serta merancang pengembangan jaringan yang lebih optimal dalam menjawab kebutuhan hingga tahun 2041. Metode yang digunakan meliputi proyeksi pertumbuhan penduduk dan kebutuhan air minum, evaluasi kapasitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA), pemodelan hidraulik menggunakan EPANET 2.0, dan estimasi biaya pengembangan sistem distribusi. Hasil proyeksi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk Babelan dan Sukatani akan meningkat menjadi masing-masing 418,390 jiwa dan 149,700 jiwa pada tahun 2041, dengan kebutuhan air mencapai 481.8 L/detik di Babelan dan 172.5 L/detik di Sukatani. Kapasitas eksisting IPA tidak mencukupi kebutuhan tersebut, terutama di Sukatani yang hanya memiliki kapasitas operasional 44 L/detik. Simulasi hidraulik menunjukkan bahwa sistem jaringan distribusi berbasis looping lebih unggul dibandingkan sistem branching dalam meningkatkan tekanan air dan efisiensi distribusi. Namun, sistem looping memerlukan investasi yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sekitar Rp 15 miliar, dibandingkan dengan Rp 10 miliar untuk sistem branching. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disarankan agar PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi meningkatkan kapasitas IPA serta mengimplementasikan sistem jaringan looping untuk menjamin ketersediaan dan kualitas layanan air minum dalam jangka panjang, khususnya di wilayah dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi
Evaluation of Communal WWTP Performance Based on Technology Management in Kabupaten Sleman D.I. Yogyakarta
No full textKontaminasi Gas CO di Terminal Jombor Yogyakarta: Indonesia
No full textThe risk of air pollution originating from the transportation sector constitutes a primary concern in this study. Terminal Jombor Yogyakarta, a Type B public transportation terminal with high vehicular activity serving Intercity–Interprovincial (AKAP), Intercity–Intraprovinical (AKDP), and Trans Jogja routes, has the potential to contribute significantly to ambient air pollution due to vehicle emissions.
This study focuses on identifying carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and analyzing the spatial distribution of CO levels within the Terminal Jombor area. A quantitative approach was employed through direct observation and measurements at three monitoring points. The results indicate that the highest CO concentration was recorded at Point 1 on the third day of observation (weekday), reaching 10,883.2 µg/Nm³, exceeding the ambient air quality standard of 10,000 µg/Nm³. Meanwhile, the highest average CO concentration was observed at Point 3, with a value of 2,446 µg/Nm³. This point is located near the terminal exit area, where vehicles tend to idle before accelerating, thereby increasing CO emissions. Furthermore, CO concentrations on weekdays were found to be higher than those recorded on weekends. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that Points 2 and 3 fall into the moderate to high concentration categories. These findings indicate the need for intervention by relevant authorities to mitigate potential health impacts associated with carbon monoxide exposure in the Terminal Jombor area.Risiko pencemaran udara dari sektor transportasi menjadi perhatian utama dalam kajian ini. Terminal Jombor Yogyakarta, sebagai fasilitas umum tipe B dengan tingkat aktivitas kendaraan yang tinggi, melayani jalur Antar Kota-Antar Provinsi (AKAP), Antar Kota Dalam Provinsi (AKDP) serta Trans Jogja. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan pencemaran udara ambien akibat emisi kendaraan. Kajian ini berfokus pada identifikasi konsentrasi karbon monoksida (CO) dan analisis sebaran konsentrasi yang dihasilkan pada area Terminal Jombor. Pendekatan yang digunakan bersifat kuantitatif dengan observasi dan pengukuran langsung pada tiga titik pengamatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi CO tertinggi terdeteksi pada Titik 1 di hari ketiga pengamatan (hari kerja) yaitu sebesar 10.883,2 µg/Nm³, melebihi ambang batas kualitas udara ambien sebesar 10.000 µg/Nm³. Sementara itu, konsentrasi rata-rata CO tertinggi tercatat di Titik 3 sebesar 2.446 µg/Nm³. Titik ini berada di area dekat pintu keluar terminal, di mana kendaraan cenderung berhenti dalam kondisi idle sebelum akhirnya berakselerasi keluar, yang menyebabkan peningkatan emisi CO. Selain itu, konsentrasi CO pada hari kerja (weekdays) tercatat lebih tinggi dibandingkan akhir pekan (weekend). Distribusi spasial menunjukkan bahwa Titik 2 dan Titik 3 tergolong dalam kategori konsentrasi sedang hingga tinggi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya intervensi dari pihak terkait guna menekan potensi dampak kesehatan akibat paparan karbon monoksida di kawasan Terminal Jombor
The Effectiveness of Virtual Learning Process on Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Course
No full textThe impact of advanced technology is perceived in every sector, including education. As the Ministry of Education and Culture program, distance learning has become applied in Indonesia, especially with this pandemic COVID-19. The learning model used in the course will affect student understanding in this situation, especially for an experimental study that aims to enhance student skills in the laboratory. The virtual laboratory practice is an additional learning model used in Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Course. Before, the Environmental Laboratory Course used only video to deliver learning materials. This research is experimental research that aims to evaluate the additional virtual laboratory practice's impact on student grades compared to the previous method. The research result was obtained by comparing the practical course's assessment results in 2019/2020 to 2020/2021. A questionnaire was also used to collect student opinions about the new learning method. The number of samples in this research was 395 students. The results show that the average students' grades using explanatory video only is 89, then with additional virtual laboratory practice are 88. From the questionnaire, 46% of the respondent said the application increased their understanding of the learning materials, and they also enjoyed using the application. It could be concluded that the virtual laboratory practice did not improve the assessment result of the course but enhanced the student interest.
Keywords: Distance learning, Laboratory course, virtual laboratory practic
Analisis Dispersi SO₂ dan NO₂ di Kawasan Budaya Kota Yogyakarta Menggunakan Model AERMOD: Indonesia
No full textYogyakarta City, as a cultural and tourism hub, experiences a high level of transportation activity, particularly in its historical and strategic areas. This results in an increase in emissions, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), which have a negative impact on public health and the environment. This study aims to analyze the spatial dispersion of SO₂ and NO₂ pollutants from transportation sector activities using the AERMOD model. The results of the emission inventory on 10 research roads indicate that the highest SO₂ emission load is found on Jalan KH Ahmad Dahlan, at 8,315.31 g/hour. In contrast, the highest NO₂ emission load is observed on Jalan Brigjen Katamso, at 704.50 g/hour. The type of diesel-fueled motorized vehicles, although relatively fewer in number, has a much greater contribution to SO₂ and NO₂ emissions than gasoline-fueled vehicles, especially motorcycles. The modeling results using AERMOD showed that the maximum concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ reached 53.1 μg/m³ and 118 μg/m³, respectively, with the distribution pattern influenced by the dominant wind direction from the northwest and relatively low wind speed (0.5–2.1 m/s). The spatial pattern of the simulation results showed a decrease in concentration as the distance from the emission source to the sensitive receptors increased, such as the Malioboro and
Alun-Alun Kidul tourist areas. Validation of the model against actual monitoring data (Impinger instrument measurement results) yielded an average RMSPE value of 24% for the SO₂ parameter, which remained within the model validation tolerance limit. However, the RMSPE value for the NO₂ parameter reached 59%, indicating that the model's concentration estimate tended to overestimate the actual value.Kota Yogyakarta sebagai pusat budaya dan pariwisata memiliki tingkat aktivitas transportasi yang tinggi, khususnya di kawasan bersejarah dan strategis. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan emisi seperti sulfur dioksida (SO₂) dan nitrogen dioksida (NO₂) yang berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dispersi spasial polutan SO₂ dan NO₂ dari aktivitas sektor transportasi menggunakan model AERMOD. Hasil inventarisasi emisi pada 10 ruas jalan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban emisi SO₂ tertinggi terdapat di Jalan KH Ahmad Dahlan yaitu sebesar 8.315,31 g/jam, sedangkan beban emisi NO₂ tertinggi terdapat di Jalan Brigjen Katamso yaitu sebesar 704,50 g/jam. Jenis kendaraan bermotor berbahan bakar solar, meskipun jumlahnya relatif lebih sedikit, memiliki kontribusi yang jauh lebih besar terhadap emisi SO₂ dan NO₂ dibandingkan kendaraan berbahan bakar bensin, terutama sepeda motor. Hasil pemodelan menggunakan AERMOD menunjukkan konsentrasi maksimum SO₂ dan NO₂ masing-masing mencapai 53,1 μg/m³ dan 118 μg/m³, dengan pola sebaran dipengaruhi oleh arah angin dominan dari barat laut dan kecepatan angin yang relatif rendah (0,5–2,1 m/s). Pola spasial hasil simulasi menunjukkan penurunan konsentrasi seiring bertambahnya jarak dari sumber emisi menuju reseptor sensitif, seperti kawasan wisata Malioboro dan Alun-Alun Kidul. Validasi model terhadap data pemantauan aktual (hasil pengukuran instrumen Impinger) menunjukkan nilai RMSPE rata-rata sebesar 24% untuk parameter SO₂ yang masih dalam batas toleransi validasi model, namun nilai RMSPE untuk parameter NO₂ mencapai 59%, yang menunjukkan bahwa estimasi konsentrasi dari model cenderung jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan hasil pengukuran aktual di lapangan
Evaluation of Communal WWTP Performance Based on Technology Management in Kabupaten Sleman D.I. Yogyakarta
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Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Effectiveness, Management, and Quality of Groundwater: A Case Study in Indonesia
No full textThe Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a large number of communal wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs). However, less than 40% of CWWTPS in the province are able to be operated well. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of CWWTPs concerning the quality of the surrounding groundwater. The research location was in Mlati, one of three sub-districts with the highest number of CWWTPs and highest population density in the province. Technical data were analyzed in a laboratory, including water quality of CWWTPs and groundwater quality. This study also analyzed non-technical data related to CWWTP management. These data were collected through in-depth interviews with CWWTP managers and users. The data were analyzed systematically, not only quantitatively but qualitatively. The distribution of water quality from CWWTP treatment and groundwater was mapped using inverse distance weighting (IDW). The results show that the CWWTP effluent meets quality standards for pH, temperature, COD, oil and grease, and ammonia. However, some CWWTPs fail to meet the quality standards for the TSS and E. coli parameters. Groundwater has an acidic pH, with ammonia, nitrite, and zinc parameters meeting quality standards, but oil and grease, COD, nitrate, and Pb concentrations exceed quality standards in several wells. This study indicates that the presence of CWWTPs is not correlated with the quality of groundwater due to the inefficiency of the CWWTPs, the unmet coverage area, and the conditions of sanitation facilities at the location
