87,361 research outputs found
Eidg. Polytechnikum.-Mittelbau
No full textBlick von der Polyterrasse auf den Westeingang der ETHAufnahme & Negativ von Jng. A. Waldner ; Heliogravure v. J. BlechingerDatierung anhand interner, handschriftlicher Notiz auf UnterlageblattOben rechts: "Taf. I.
Eidg. Polytechnikum.-Vestibul
No full textAnsicht der Eingangshalle auf der Westseite der ETHAufnahme & Negativ von Jng. A. Waldner ; Heliogravure v. J. BlechingerDatierung anhand interner, handschriftlicher Notiz auf UnterlageblattOben rechts: "Taf. II.
LWFBrook90.jl—Including Stable Water Isotopes in a Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport Model to Constrain Vertical Root Water Uptake Dynamics
No full textAbstract In water‐limited ecosystems, soil water availability plays a pivotal role in determining the stress levels experienced by vegetation. Understanding the vertical distribution of roots and root water uptake (RWU) is essential for accurately predicting drought conditions using Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport (SVAT) models. However, quantifying RWU in environments poses a considerable challenge. Here, stable isotope signatures in water offer a promising avenue for inferring RWU. They can effectively trace the movement of precipitation through soil layers into trees. Combining isotopes with precipitation and soil moisture content enables inferring relative and absolute contributions of soil layers to RWU, thereby providing added benefit over mixing models. In this study, we extended the SVAT model LWF‐Brook90 with transport of stable isotopes in water. The model was validated using measurements from a forest monitoring site and further test cases. Across calibration scenarios combining observed hydrometric and isotopic state variables as calibration targets, we compared model accuracy, predictive uncertainty, and parameter equifinality. Our results demonstrated that the model accurately reproduced observations and that overall model accuracy and precision could be improved by a multi‐objective calibration approach combining isotopic and hydrometric time series. Isotopes specifically constrained parameters linked to RWU and preferential infiltration. Including isotopes reduced uncertainty in parameter estimates and model predictions and reduced parameter equifinality. Combining isotope mixing with SVAT models holds the potential to significantly enhance our mechanistic understanding of water fluxes in water‐limited ecosystems, including dynamics of root water uptake, facilitating more accurate predictions of vegetation responses to changing environmental conditions.Plain Language Summary For vegetation relying on soil‐stored water, the depth of the root water uptake is critical during conditions with dry topsoil. In order to predict vegetation stress during drought with simulation models we need to understand at which depth the water a plant uses was taken up. However, measuring root water uptake is difficult. Often stable isotopes in water are used to track relative contribution of rainfall events or of soil layers to plant water. When we combine isotopic with soil moisture measurements, absolute contribution can be inferred. To do so, we extended the existing simulation model LWF‐Brook90 to enable calibrating the model to isotopic observations. This new implementation was validated, by calibrating it to observed data from a forest monitoring site as well as quantifying how well it fits and how uncertain its predictions are. We found that model uncertainty in parameters and predictions was reduced when using isotopes in addition to soil moisture and soil matric potential. From the combination of these observations, we can potentially infer more about the mechanistic working of the water fluxes in ecosystems than with either one of them. This is especially important if conditions shift due to climate change.Key Points We extend the process‐based, 1‐dimensional Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport model LWF‐Brook90 with transport of stable isotopes in water The model is successfully validated against hydrometric as well as soil and xylem water isotope observations from a forest monitoring site Calibrating 55 model parameters with isotopes reduces predictive uncertainty and parameter equifinality, especially for soil water fluxesAbstract In water‐limited ecosystems, soil water availability plays a pivotal role in determining the stress levels experienced by vegetation. Understanding the vertical distribution of roots and root water uptake (RWU) is essential for accurately predicting drought conditions using Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport (SVAT) models. However, quantifying RWU in environments poses a considerable challenge. Here, stable isotope signatures in water offer a promising avenue for inferring RWU. They can effectively trace the movement of precipitation through soil layers into trees. Combining isotopes with precipitation and soil moisture content enables inferring relative and absolute contributions of soil layers to RWU, thereby providing added benefit over mixing models. In this study, we extended the SVAT model LWF‐Brook90 with transport of stable isotopes in water. The model was validated using measurements from a forest monitoring site and further test cases. Across calibration scenarios combining observed hydrometric and isotopic state variables as calibration targets, we compared model accuracy, predictive uncertainty, and parameter equifinality. Our results demonstrated that the model accurately reproduced observations and that overall model accuracy and precision could be improved by a multi‐objective calibration approach combining isotopic and hydrometric time series. Isotopes specifically constrained parameters linked to RWU and preferential infiltration. Including isotopes reduced uncertainty in parameter estimates and model predictions and reduced parameter equifinality. Combining isotope mixing with SVAT models holds the potential to significantly enhance our mechanistic understanding of water fluxes in water‐limited ecosystems, including dynamics of root water uptake, facilitating more accurate predictions of vegetation responses to changing environmental conditions.Plain Language Summary For vegetation relying on soil‐stored water, the depth of the root water uptake is critical during conditions with dry topsoil. In order to predict vegetation stress during drought with simulation models we need to understand at which depth the water a plant uses was taken up. However, measuring root water uptake is difficult. Often stable isotopes in water are used to track relative contribution of rainfall events or of soil layers to plant water. When we combine isotopic with soil moisture measurements, absolute contribution can be inferred. To do so, we extended the existing simulation model LWF‐Brook90 to enable calibrating the model to isotopic observations. This new implementation was validated, by calibrating it to observed data from a forest monitoring site as well as quantifying how well it fits and how uncertain its predictions are. We found that model uncertainty in parameters and predictions was reduced when using isotopes in addition to soil moisture and soil matric potential. From the combination of these observations, we can potentially infer more about the mechanistic working of the water fluxes in ecosystems than with either one of them. This is especially important if conditions shift due to climate change.Key Points We extend the process‐based, 1‐dimensional Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport model LWF‐Brook90 with transport of stable isotopes in water The model is successfully validated against hydrometric as well as soil and xylem water isotope observations from a forest monitoring site Calibrating 55 model parameters with isotopes reduces predictive uncertainty and parameter equifinality, especially for soil water fluxesAbstract In water‐limited ecosystems, soil water availability plays a pivotal role in determining the stress levels experienced by vegetation. Understanding the vertical distribution of roots and root water uptake (RWU) is essential for accurately predicting drought conditions using Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport (SVAT) models. However, quantifying RWU in environments poses a considerable challenge. Here, stable isotope signatures in water offer a promising avenue for inferring RWU. They can effectively trace the movement of precipitation through soil layers into trees. Combining isotopes with precipitation and soil moisture content enables inferring relative and absolute contributions of soil layers to RWU, thereby providing added benefit over mixing models. In this study, we extended the SVAT model LWF‐Brook90 with transport of stable isotopes in water. The model was validated using measurements from a forest monitoring site and further test cases. Across calibration scenarios combining observed hydrometric and isotopic state variables as calibration targets, we compared model accuracy, predictive uncertainty, and parameter equifinality. Our results demonstrated that the model accurately reproduced observations and that overall model accuracy and precision could be improved by a multi‐objective calibration approach combining isotopic and hydrometric time series. Isotopes specifically constrained parameters linked to RWU and preferential infiltration. Including isotopes reduced uncertainty in parameter estimates and model predictions and reduced parameter equifinality. Combining isotope mixing with SVAT models holds the potential to significantly enhance our mechanistic understanding of water fluxes in water‐limited ecosystems, including dynamics of root water uptake, facilitating more accurate predictions of vegetation responses to changing environmental conditions.Plain Language Summary For vegetation relying on soil‐stored water, the depth of the root water uptake is critical during conditions with dry topsoil. In order to predict vegetation stress during drought with simulation models we need to understand at which depth the water a plant uses was taken up. However, measuring root water uptake is difficult. Often stable isotopes in water are used to track relative contribution of rainfall events or of soil layers to plant water. When we combine isotopic with soil moisture measurements, absolute contribution can be inferred. To do so, we extended the existing simulation model LWF‐Brook90 to enable calibrating the model to isotopic observations. This new implementation was validated, by calibrating it to observed data from a forest monitoring site as well as quantifying how well it fits and how uncertain its predictions are. We found that model uncertainty in parameters and predictions was reduced when using isotopes in addition to soil moisture and soil matric potential. From the combination of these observations, we can potentially infer more about the mechanistic working of the water fluxes in ecosystems than with either one of them. This is especially important if conditions shift due to climate change.Key Points We extend the process‐based, 1‐dimensional Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport model LWF‐Brook90 with transport of stable isotopes in water The model is successfully validated against hydrometric as well as soil and xylem water isotope observations from a forest monitoring site Calibrating 55 model parameters with isotopes reduces predictive uncertainty and parameter equifinality, especially for soil water fluxe
Functional encryption: definitional foundations and multiparty transformations
No full textClassical cryptographic primitives do not allow for any fine-grained access control over encrypted
data. From an encryption of some data x, a decryptor, who is in possession of a decryption key,
can either obtain the whole data x or nothing. The notion of functional encryption overcomes
this drawback and enables access control over encrypted data. In this setting, a setup generator is
responsible for generating the public parameters and, so-called, functional keys. These functional
keys are decryption keys that are associated with a function f such that, when used in the
decryption procedure, the decryptor obtains f(x), which is the result of the function f applied
to the encrypted data x.
The standard security definition of functional encryption prevents a malicious decryptor from
learning more about the encrypted data than what can be obtained from the functional keys it
owns. In this thesis, we introduce the notion of consistency, a security definition that protects an
honest decryptor against a malicious encryptor and/or setup generator. We formally introduce
this notion using different security games and show that our notions are completely separated
from existing confidentiality notions. Additionally, we analyze existing schemes and show how
they can be modified to achieve consistency. Furthermore, we construct black-box compilers that
turn any functional encryption scheme into a consistent one. Finally, we also analyze consistency
in the universal composability (UC) framework and show that the consistency games imply UC
security.
A more general notion of functional encryption is the notion of multi-client functional
encryption, which allows a decryptor to evaluate multi-input functions on multiple ciphertexts
generated by several different clients. This notion also requires a setup generator that generates
the encryption keys for the different clients as well as the functional keys for the decryptor. A
corrupted setup generator is able to compromise the privacy of all the clients in the system
by generating arbitrary functional keys. To remove this single point of failure, the notion of
decentralized multi-client functional encryption has been introduced. In a decentralized multi-client functional encryption scheme the participating clients in the system are responsible for the
generation of the encryption and functional keys.
In this thesis, we present a compiler that decentralizes any multi-client functional encryption
scheme for inner-products, that fulfills certain properties. Furthermore, we show that we can
construct a (decentralized) multi-client functional encryption scheme for separable functions,
n-input functions that can be written as the sum of n single-input functions, from any general-purpose single-input functional encryption scheme.
An interactive version of multi-client functional encryption is the notion of multiparty
computation. In multiparty computation several parties can jointly compute a function involving
their private inputs by interacting in multiple rounds of communication.
We show how we can use functional encryption to amplify existing multiparty computation
protocols in terms of their communication complexity. In more detail, we show how to turn a
multiparty computation protocol with arbitrary communication complexity into a multiparty
computation protocol with a communication complexity only depending on the depth of the circuit
that is being computed, while preserving the number of rounds of interaction of the protocol.
Furthermore, we present an improved compiler that relies on fully homomorphic encryption, a
cryptographic notion that allows for the oblivious evaluation of functions on encrypted data,
where the communication complexity of the amplified protocol is completely independent of the
circuit that is being computed
Englisches naturwissenschaftlich-technisches Lesebuch für Höhere Technische Lehranstalten und zum Selbststudium für Studirende, Lehrer, Techniker, Industrielle
No full text3.Teil Bau-Ingenieurwesenmit sprachlichen und sachlichen Erläuterungen von F. J. WershovenGeschenkexlibris-Etikette: "Geschenk aus dem Nachlasse von August Waldner." 002230365_0001 Exemplar der ETH-BIBExlibrisstempel: "Schweizerische Bauzeitung Redaction, A. Waldner, Ing. Zürich" 002194263_0001 Exemplar der ETH-BIBIndirektes handschriftliches Exlibris: "1907, 136", das ist August Waldner 002194263_0003 Exemplar der ETH-BI
Kurzer Abriss über die Fortschritte in der Construction der Apparate für die Gasfabrikation
No full textvon Georg F. SchaarGeschenkexlibris-Etikette: "Geschenk aus dem Nachlasse von August Waldner" 002194263_0002 Exemplar der ETH-BIBIndirektes handschriftliches Exlibris: "1907, 136", das ist August Waldner 002194263_0003 Exemplar der ETH-BIBExlibrisstempel: "Schweizerische Bauzeitung Redaction A. Waldner, Ing. Zürich" 002194263_0001 Exemplar der ETH-BI
Elemente der Lüftung und Heizung : für den Unterricht an Höheren Gewerbeschulen und für den praktischen Bautechniker
No full textzusammengestellt von F. FanderlikExlibrisstempel: "Schweizerische Bauzeitung Redaction A. Waldner, Ing. Zürich" 002194263_0001 Exemplar der ETH-BIBGeschenkexlibris-Etikette: "Geschenk aus dem Nachlasse von August Waldner." 002230365_0001 Exemplar der ETH-BI
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Der tachymetrische Rechenstab von Hofer & Brönnimann : Beschreibung und Gebrauchsanweisung
No full textvon F. BrönnimannExlibrisetikette: "Geschenk aus dem Nachlasse von August Waldner." 002194263_0002 Exemplar der ETH-BI
Does robotic gait training improve balance in Parkinson's disease? A randomized controlled trial.
No full textBACKGROUND: Treadmill training (with or without robotic assistance) has been reported to improve balance skills in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its effectiveness on postural instability has been evaluated mainly in patients with mild to moderate PD (Hoehn & Yahr stage ≤3). Patients with more severe disease may benefit from robot-assisted gait training performed by the Gait-Trainer GT1, as a harness supports them with their feet placed on motor-driven footplates. The aim of this study was to determine whether robot-assisted gait training could have a positive influence on postural stability in patients with PD at Hoehn & Yahr stage 3-4.
METHODS: Thirty-four patients with PD at Hoehn & Yahr stage 3-4 were randomly assigned into two groups. All patients received twelve, 40-min treatment sessions, three days/week, for four consecutive weeks. The Robotic Training group (n = 17) underwent robot-assisted gait training, while the Physical Therapy group (n = 17) underwent a training program not specifically aimed at improving postural stability. Patients were evaluated before, immediately after and 1-month post-treatment. Primary outcomes were: Berg Balance scale; Nutt's rating.
RESULTS: A significant improvement was found after treatment on the Berg Balance Scale and the Nutt's rating in favor of the Robotic Training group (Berg: 43.44 ± 2.73; Nutt: 1.38 ± 0.50) compared to the Physical Therapy group (Berg: 37.27 ± 5.68; Nutt: 2.07 ± 0.59). All improvements were maintained at the 1-month follow-up evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted gait training may improve postural instability in patients with PD at Hoehn & Yahr stage 3-4
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