132 research outputs found
Flight Times to the Heliopause Using a Combination of Solar and Radioisotope Electric Propulsion
No full textWe investigate the interplanetary
ight of a low-thrust space probe to the heliopause,
located at a distance of about 200AU from the Sun. Our goal was to reach this distance
within the 25 years postulated by ESA for such a mission (which is less ambitious than the
15-year goal set by NASA). Contrary to solar sail concepts and combinations of ballistic and
electrically propelled
ight legs, we have investigated whether the set
ight time limit could
also be kept with a combination of solar-electric propulsion and a second, RTG-powered
upper stage. The used ion engine type was the RIT-22 for the �rst stage and the RIT-10 for
the second stage. Trajectory optimization was carried out with the low-thrust optimization
program InTrance, which implements the method of Evolutionary Neurocontrol, using
Arti�cial Neural Networks for spacecraft steering and Evolutionary Algorithms to optimize
the Neural Networks' parameter set. Based on a parameter space study, in which the
number of thrust units, the unit's speci�c impulse, and the relative size of the solar power
generator were varied, we have chosen one con�guration as reference. The transfer time
of this reference con�guration was 29.6 years and the fastest one, which is technically
more challenging, still required 28.3 years. As all
ight times of this parameter study
were longer than 25 years, we further shortened the transfer time by applying a launcher-
provided hyperbolic excess energy up to 49 km^2/s^2. The resulting minimal
ight time for
the reference con�guration was then 27.8 years. The following, more precise optimization
to a launch with the European Ariane 5 ECA rocket reduced the transfer time to 27.5 years.
This is the fastest mission design of our study that is
exible enough to allow a launch every
year. The inclusion of a
y-by at Jupiter �nally resulted in a
ight time of 23.8 years,
which is below the set transfer-time limit. However, compared to the 27.5-year transfer,
this mission design has a signi�cantly reduced launch window and mission
exibility if the
escape direction is restricted to the heliosphere's "nose"
Die Erforschung des Mondes und der inneren Planeten - Wege zum Verständnis der Entwicklung der Erde?
No full text
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