2,315 research outputs found
An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry
No full textW. Scott Persons IV, Philip J. Currie (2016): An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry. Scientific Reports 6: 19828, DOI: 10.1038/srep1982
in millimeters measurements all, specimens rex Tyrannosaurus other and 2523.8 P RSM of measurements Select. 1 TABLE in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
No full textin millimeters measurements all, specimens rex Tyrannosaurus other and 2523.8 P RSM of measurements Select. 1 TABLEPublished as part of Persons, Scott W, Currie, Philip J. & Erickson, Gregory M., 2019, An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex, pp. 1-17 in The Anatomical Record 302 on page 14, DOI: 10.1002/ar.24118, http://zenodo.org/record/325181
Fig. 5 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
No full textFig. 5. Pathologic dorsal rib head of RSM P2523.8. Swollen region suggests an incompletely healed injury or infection.Published as part of Persons, Scott W, Currie, Philip J. & Erickson, Gregory M., 2019, An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex, pp. 1-17 in The Anatomical Record 302 on page 4, DOI: 10.1002/ar.24118, http://zenodo.org/record/325181
Fig. 2. Select vertebrae from RSM P2523.8. A in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
No full textFig. 2. Select vertebrae from RSM P2523.8. A, Dorsal and anterior caudal vertebrae showing variation in the fusion of the neural arch to the centrum. B, The second and third sacral vertebrae, in right lateral view. All scale bars = 10 cm.Published as part of Persons, Scott W, Currie, Philip J. & Erickson, Gregory M., 2019, An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex, pp. 1-17 in The Anatomical Record 302 on page 3, DOI: 10.1002/ar.24118, http://zenodo.org/record/325181
Tyrannosaurus imperator Paul, Iv & Raalte, 2022, sp. nov.
No full textTyrannosaurus imperator sp. nov. (Morphotype 1) Etymology: Tyrant lizard emperor Holotype: FMNH PR2081 Referred specimens: BHI 4182, BHI 6231, 6248, HMN MB.R.91216, MOR 1125, MOR 1128, RGM 792.000, SDSM 12047, TCM2001.90.1, TMT v2222, NMNNH P-3698? Age and Stratigraphy: Late Maastrichtian, lower, lower middle and possibly middle Hell Creek and Lance, Laramie, Arapahoe, McRae? North Horn? Javelina? Geographic distribution: Montana, Dakotas, Wyoming, New Mexico? Texas? Utah? Diagnosis: Generally robust with an adult femur-length/ circumference ratio of 2.4 or less; usually two slender anterior incisiform dentary teeth.Published as part of Paul, Gregory S., Iv, W. Scott Persons & Van Raalte, Jay, 2022, The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus, pp. 156-179 in Evolutionary Biology 49 (2) on page 19, DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5, http://zenodo.org/record/632334
Fig. 3 in The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus
No full textFig. 3 Tyrannosaurus anterior left dentaries in dorsomedial view showing differing proportions of the first three tooth sockets. A Tyrannosaurus imperator (morphotype I) "Samson" with two small anterior-most incisors (after Fig. 8.5 in Larson, 2008a, b). B Tyrannosaurus rex (morphotype II) holotype CM 9380 with one small anterior-most incisor (after Fig. 8.4 in Larson, 2008a, b)Published as part of Paul, Gregory S., Iv, W. Scott Persons & Van Raalte, Jay, 2022, The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus, pp. 156-179 in Evolutionary Biology 49 (2) on page 3, DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5, http://zenodo.org/record/632334
Fig. 4 Femoral proportions and ratios with statistical results. A–D in The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus
No full textFig. 4 Femoral proportions and ratios with statistical results. A–D Circumferences versus lengths with best fit curves and/or least area polygons, the large Tyrannosaurus data is included in all these plots, higher placement on plots indicates higher gracility. A Allosaurus. B Gorgosaurus (squares), Albertosaurus (diamonds). C All large Tyrannosaurus and all tyrannosaurids aside from those from the TT-zone, the smaller of the two polygons for the latter excludes specimens with femora below 250 mm long. D All large Tyrannosaurus and all other sampled theropods. E–H Lengths versus circumferences with best fit curves for all large Tyrannosaurus and the three species, higher placement on plots indicates more robusticity. I and J Femur proportional ratios and C-means and K-means analyses: note that these plots represent one-dimensional data on a two-dimensional coordinate plane, which is why the x and y axes are the same and the data follows a perfect y = x line; not an error in application of the clustering algorithms, it is the way the graphics software defaults to a two-dimensional plot in all casesPublished as part of Paul, Gregory S., Iv, W. Scott Persons & Van Raalte, Jay, 2022, The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus, pp. 156-179 in Evolutionary Biology 49 (2) on page 9, DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5, http://zenodo.org/record/632334
Fig. 2 in The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus
No full textFig. 2 Tyrannosaurus femora (top row) and metatarsals II (bottom row on left sides) and IV (on right sides) to same scale, bar equals 500 mm. C and E after Fig. 8.14 in Larson (2008a, b). A Gracile large juvenile T. regina (morphotype III) LACM 23845 (~ 1.5 tonnes). B Robust large juvenile T. incertae sedis USNM 6183 (~ 2.5). C Robust adult T. rex (morphotype II) BHI 6233 (~ 4). D Robust adult T. rex holotype CM 9380 (6.4). E Gracile adult T. regina exBHI 3033 (7.4). F Gracile subadult T. regina BHI 6230 (~ 3.7). Solid black is preserved bone, masses with an ~ indicator are scaled from volumetric estimates of more complete specimensPublished as part of Paul, Gregory S., Iv, W. Scott Persons & Van Raalte, Jay, 2022, The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus, pp. 156-179 in Evolutionary Biology 49 (2) on page 3, DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5, http://zenodo.org/record/632334
Fig. 6 in The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus
No full textFig. 6 Element ratios for large Tyrannosaurus specimens at differing stratigraphic levels (lower L, middle M, upper U) in the TT-zone (vertical axis); specimens that may be from either the upper lower or lower middle T-zone are plotted between the lower and middle levels. For A to I increasingly bone gracility is to the right, for J increasing 2nd incisor robustness is the left. A Femur length/circumference, division between robusts and graciles indicated by dashed line. B Humerus length/circ. C Ilium length/depth. D Metatarsal 2 length/ circ. E Metatarsal 2 length/diameter. F Metatarsal 4 length/circ. G Metatarsal 4 length/diameter. H Maxilla length/depth. I Dentary length/depth. J Dentary teeth 2/3 base diameters, division between one and two incisors indicated by dashed linePublished as part of Paul, Gregory S., Iv, W. Scott Persons & Van Raalte, Jay, 2022, The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus, pp. 156-179 in Evolutionary Biology 49 (2) on page 17, DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5, http://zenodo.org/record/632334
- …
