2,783 research outputs found
Debilos curtuvenatum Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full textDebilos curtuvenatum Scherrer, sp. nov. (Figs 29, 114, 124, 135) Description. Female. Fore wing 4.1 mm. Head: Antenna with 24–26 flagellomeres. Clypeus very sparsely punctate, markedly convex, most prominent ventrally, CWH 1.76; MWC 0.65, MLW 1.64, MWW 0.36; malar space long, MSM 1.36; supra-antennal area with faint, median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally distinctly longer than mandible base. Mesosoma (Fig. 114). Pronotum lateral portion next to collar sub-laterally inconspicuously strigate-rugose, next to mesopleuron inconspicuously corrugated, epomia indistinct; notaulus moderately impressed, uniformly sculptured with mesoscutum, reaching about middle of mesoscutum; mesopleuron without distinct ridges or rugae, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.5 of mesopleuron, posteriorly inconspicuously, sparsely corrugated; mesopleural groove faintly, sparsely corrugated; sternaulus anterior half faintly corrugated; postpectal carina medially straight to slightly arched posteriorly; metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular; pleural carina moderately stout, or inconspicuous; propodeum anterior area moderately long, PLL 0.93, anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards, posterior area without distinct ridges or rugae, uniformly colliculate with anterior area, spiracle subrounded, SWL 1.14, propodeal apophyses of regular height, thornshaped, AHD 2.70. Legs: Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.2 × as long as anterior lobe. Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b perfectly straight, limit with crossvein 1m-cu distinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M posteriorly slightly curved; crossvein 1cu-a posteriorly slightly convex, arising distinctly apicad vein Rs&1M, by about 0.4 × 1cu-a length, angle with vein M+Cu distinctly obtuse; vein 2Cua moderately shorter than crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 0.67; areolet moderately large, APH 1.08; vein 2Ma approximately as long as vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb absent; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla short, about 0.2 × as long as vein length or shorter; vein 2Rsb slightly sinuous, almost straight. Hind wing vein 2-1A very short, nearly absent, reaching about 0.2 × the distance to wing margin (Fig. 29), HWC 1.45. Metasoma (Fig. 114). T1 finely coriarious, spiracle at about basal 0.7, prominent, T1LW 2.72, T1WW 2.78, T1GL 0.30; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.72, thyridium subcircular, T2LW 0.93, T2WW 1.94. Ovipositor approximately straight, OST 0.51, dorsal valve with nodus absent, notch absent; ventral valve tip without distinct serrations. Color. Head black, mesosoma and legs orangish brown (125, 092, 057), metasoma mostly dark brown (073, 054, 042) and dark yellowish (189, 164, 034). Head: Scape and pedicel yellowish brown (158, 136, 049); flagellomeres 5–10 mostly or entirely white; mouth parts whitish, except mandible base margin and apex blackish. Mesosoma: Ventrally blackish; collar entirely and propodeal apophyses white; propleuron darker than pronotum, except ventro-lateral corner lightest; mesoscutum lobes centrally slightly and propodeum anterior portion darkest. Legs: Fore and mid coxae and trochanters, hind coxa apical margin white, except mark taking mid coxa basal 0.2 anteriorly and mid trochanter dorsally brown; trochantellus ventrally and apical parts dorsally, femora basal 0.1, fore and mid femur ventrally, fore and mid tibiae anteriorly and posteriorly, hind tibia basal 0.2 and ventrally, hind t1 apical half lightest. Fore wing with two distinct dark spots, on apical half of cell 3M and 1+2R1, and cell 1Cu apical parts, and respective surrounding areas. Metasoma: T1 and T2 entirely, and T3 basal half dark brown, except T1 ventrally lightest, T1 apical 0.2 and T2 apical 0.2 with white stripe, T2 stripe central 0.6–0.7 anteriorly concave and medially with yellow tint, and thyridium dark yellowish; T3 apical half, T4–8 basally brown, dark yellowish toward tergites apex; T6 apical margin, T7 and T8 dorsally, and sternites medially white; ovipositor sheath dark brown, except basal 0.7–0.8 ventrally whitish; ovipositor light brown (187, 144, 084). Male. Fig. 124. Antenna with 25 flagellomeres. General morphology and color similar to female, except for slightly smaller body size (fore wing about 3.68–4.96 mm); generally more pilose; color generally lighter and brighter than females, somewhat yellowish brown; flagellum without white band; mesoscutum and propodeum anterior area distinct darkest; propodeal apophyses absent, only vestigial and uniformly colored with propodeum; fore wing without dark spots; hind coxa uniformly darker than metapleuron; tarsus sometimes entirely, or t2 ant t3 whitish; fourth tarsomeres not bilobed; T1 more slender; T2 without white stripe; T3 apical half pale yellow; T4–8 entirely brownish, without yellow or white marks. Variability. Color: Mesoscutum median lobe sometimes entirely darkish; females from Domingos Martins and Santa Maria de Jetibá with mesoscutum entirely orangish brown, except by median lobe darkish; propodeum anterior area sometimes entirely orangish brown; mid coxa basal brown mark sometimes restricted to coxa basal 0.1; T1 sometimes entirely lightest than T2; extension and brightness of lightest marks on legs variable; hind t2–4 basal and apical margin sometimes lightest. Comments. Included in the D. trochanteratum species group (see item Species Delimitation). From all the seven species of the complex, D. curtuvenatum is the only one with the mesosoma orangish brown (vs. yellowish in D. xanthochrosatum, or black in the other ones), the metasoma mostly dark brown, with T3 apical half and T4–8 yellowish (vs. entirely yellowish in D. xanthochrosatum, or also mostly black or dark brown, with T3–8 without any yellowish areas as in D. melachrosatum and the other species, respectively), and the hind wing vein 2-1A very short, reaching about 0.2 × the distance to wing margin (vs. absent in D. xanthochrosatum, or moderately short to long, reaching at least 0.5 × the distance to wing margin). Males of D. curtuvenatum can be easily separated from males of D. trochanteratum and D. petiolatum by having the mesosoma mostly brown (vs. black), collar entirely white (vs. dorsally white), and hind wing vein 2-1A very short, nearly absent (vs. moderately long). Etymology. A combination of the Latin words curtus, meaning “short,” and vena, meaning “vein,” in reference to the hind wing vein 2-1A very short, reaching about 0.2 × the distance to wing margin in this species. Distribution. Brazil. Apparently associated to Atlantic rainforest, recorded from several localities at Bahia close to its middle coast, such as Buerarema, Firmino Alves, Iguaí, Itacaré and Uruçuca (around 14°30’S 39°30’W); various localities from the highlands of central and southern Espírito Santo: São Francisco do Batatal, Alfredo Chaves (20°21’40.4”S 40°41’52.2”W), Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, Cariacica (20°16’21”S 40°28’40”W), Mata Pico do Eldorado, Domingos Martins (20°22’17”S 40°39’29”W), Parque Estadual do Caparaó, Ibitirama (20°29’S 41°43’W), Fazenda Clarindo Kruger, Santa Maria de Jetibá (20°04’27.9”S 40°44’51.3”W), Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa (19°57’55”S 40°32’25”W), and Alto Misterioso, São Roque do Canaã (19°48’0.3”S 40°46’29.8”W); and found moderately far from the coast, at Minas Gerais, on the locality of Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (19°32’22.57”S 42°32’44.61”W) (Fig. 135). Material Examined. 59 ♀, 4 ♂♂. Holotype ♀ from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, Pau Amarelo, 23–25.X.2005, yellow pans, APAguiar et al. leg. (UFES). In good shape, mounted on triangle point. Paratypes: BRAZIL: 1 ♀ from Bahia, Itacaré, Fazenda Muchirão, 14°20’48”S 39°18’38”W, 17.VIII.2002; 1 ♀, same data except 12.XII.2003 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except Uruçuca, 14°35’12”S 39°17’29”W, 24.XI.2002 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except Uruçuca, Fazenda Bom Jardim, 14°34’94”S 39°17’85”W, 23.XI.2003 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except Iguaí, Fazenda Futurosa, 14°41’38”S 40°03’15”W, 29.XI.2002 (CEPLAC); 1 ♂, same data except 14.VI.2003 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except 29.XI.2003 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except 12.XII.2003 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except Fazenda Guarani, 14°34’30”S 39°19’62”W, 12.XII.2002 (CEPLAC); 4 ♀, 2 ♂♂, same data except Buerarema, Fazenda Sempre Viva, 14°56’S 39°18’W, 26.VIII.2002, Malaise trap, JCardoso & JMaia leg. (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same data except 28.XI.2002 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀, same data except Firmino Alves, Fazenda Santo Antônio, 14°59’51”S 39°55’55”W, 09.IV.2003 (CEPLAC); 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Lagoa do Gambá 3, Mata Secundária Baixa, 15–22.XI.2001, Malaise, JCRFontanelle leg (UFES); 1 ♀, from Espírito Santo, São Roque do Canaã, Alto Misterioso, 19°48’0.3”S 40°46’29.8”W, 02–11.XI.2007, CWaichert et al. leg (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, 08–13.V.2006 (UFES); 3 ♀, same data except Santa Maria de Jetibá, Fazenda Clarindo Kruger, 20°04’27.9”S 40°44’51.3”W, 29.XI–06.XII.2002, MTavares, CAzevedo et al. leg. (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, sede, 20°16’21”S 40°28’40”W, 30.IV– 01.V.2005, APAguiar et al. leg. (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Pau Amarelo, Malaise trap, 20–28.X.2005 (UFES); 6 ♀, same data except yellow pans, 22–24.X.2005 (UFES); 7 ♀, same data except 23–25.X.2005 (UFES); 3 ♀, same data except 24–26.X.2005 (UFES); 7 ♀, same data except 25–27.X.2005 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except 26–28.X.2005 (UFES); 2 ♀, same data except 27–29.X.2005 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Malaise trap, 20–28.X.2005 (UFES); 2 ♀, same data except 26.X–05.XI.2005 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except 28.X– 05.XI.2005 (UFES); 2 ♀, same data except Domingos Martins, Mata Pico do Eldorado, 20°22’17”S 40°39’29”W, 26.XI–03.XII.2004, MTavares et al. leg. (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except 03–10.XII.2004 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Ibitirama, Parque Estadual do Caparaó, 20°29’S 41°43’W, Posto Santa Marta, 10–14.III.2006, RKawada leg. (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Alfredo Chaves, Picadão, mata, 20°27’53”S 40°42’35”W, 714 m, 8– 15.X.2007, COAzevedo et al. leg (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except São Francisco do Batatal, Fazenda 3 Palmeiras, 20°21’40.4”S 40°41’52.2”W, yellow pans, 6–7.IX.2008 (UFES).Published as part of Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469 on pages 15-1
A Central Limit Theorem for Subspace Algorithms
No full textBauer D, Deistler M, Scherrer W. A Central Limit Theorem for Subspace Algorithms. In: Proceedings of the ECC'97. Brussels, Belgium; 1997
Debilos crusilix Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full textDebilos crusilix Scherrer, sp. nov. (Figs 82, 100, 130) Description. Female. Fore wing 5.25 mm. Head (Fig. 82): Antenna with 22 flagellomeres. Clypeus smooth, sparsely punctate towards apex, slightly convex, regularly curved, CWH 1.60; MWC 0.72, MLW 1.50, MWW 0.33; malar space long, MSM 1.56; supra-antennal area with almost indistinct, median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally approximately same width of mandible base. Mesosoma (Fig. 100). Pronotum lateral portion next to collar inconspicuously strigate-rugose, next to mesopleuron inconspicuously corrugated, epomia inconspicuous; notaulus moderately impressed, inconspicuously, minutely corrugated, especially anteriorly, not reaching middle of mesoscutum; mesopleuron almost entirely faintly substrigate-rugose, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.8 of mesopleuron, posteriorly inconspicuously, sparsely corrugated; mesopleural groove markedly, sparsely corrugated; sternaulus anterior half faintly corrugated; postpectal carina medially distinctly bent; metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular; pleural carina stout; propodeum anterior area short, PLL 0.71, anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards, posterior area rugulose, with ridges not forming distinct pattern, spiracle distinctly elliptic, SWL 2.00, propodeal apophyses long, thorn-shaped, AHD 2.79. Legs: Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.33 × as long as anterior lobe. Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b perfectly straight, limit with crossvein 1m-cu distinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M uniformly slightly curved; crossvein 1cu-a posteriorly slightly convex, arising opposite or slightly apicad vein Rs&1M, angle with vein M+Cu distinctly obtuse; vein 2Cua about same size of crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 1.00; areolet small, APH 0.92; vein 2Ma approximately as long as vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb spectral; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla moderately long, about 0.3 × as long as vein length; vein 2Rsb slightly sinuous, almost straight. Hind wing vein 2- 1A long, reaching about 0.8 × the distance to wing margin, HWC 1.53. Metasoma (Fig. 100). T1 smooth, polished, spiracle at about basal 0.7, inconspicuously prominent, T1LW 2.58, T1WW 2.92, T1GL 0.29; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.63, thyridium subcircular, T2LW 0.81, T2WW 1.83. Ovipositor approximately straight, OST 0.57, dorsal valve with nodus faint, notch present; ventral valve tip with inconspicuous, widely spaced serrations, most distinctly developed at the very tip. Color. Head black, mesosoma dark orangish brown (153, 098, 063), metasoma and legs mostly dark brown (066, 051, 055). Head: Scape, pedicel, flagellomeres 5–9 entirely white; flagellomere 1 dorsal portion with central faint whitish mark; mouth parts whitish (218, 216, 195), except mandible apex blackish. Mesosoma: Collar dorsally and propodeal apophyses white; propleuron darker than pronotum, except ventro-lateral corner lightest. Legs: Fore and mid coxae and trochanters, and hind tibia basal 0.2 white, except dorsal brownish mark taking fore coxa basal margin and mid coxa basal 0.8, fore trochanter dorsal portion faintly and mid trochanter dorsally almost entirely dark brown; hind coxa dark brown, except dorsal longitudinal mark orangish brown and apical margin white; hind trochanter apical margin dorsally whitish; trochantellus ventrally whitish mark and femora basal 0.1 lightest; fore femur ventrally, fore and mid tibiae anteriorly and posteriorly pale yellow (241, 224, 144) to whitish. Fore wing with two large, marked dark spots, taking cell 3M apical half up to cell 3R1 basal portion, and cell 1Cu apical and cell R apico-posterior parts, and respective surrounding areas. Metasoma: Basally blackish, changing to dark brownish (086, 050, 031) towards apex; T1 ventrally lightest; T1 apical 0.2 and T2 apical 0.3 with white stripe, T2 stripe central 0.6–0.7 anteriorly concave, concavity apex reaching T2 apical margin; thyridium yellowish; T3 and 4 apical margin lightest; T5 apical margin, T6 mostly, and T7 and T8 entirely dorsally, and sternites medially white; ovipositor sheath dark brown, except basal 0.75 ventrally whitish; ovipositor light brown (187, 144, 084). Male. Unknown. Variability. Specimen from Ecuador with epomia more marked and mid coxa entirely white, lacking the basal dark brown mark. Color: Extension and brightness of lightest marks on legs variable. Comments. Included in the D. prionilix species group (see item Species Delimitation), formed by D. crusilix and D. prionilix. These species have very similar general body structure, but D. crusilix can be separated from D. prionilix by having the flagellomere 1 dorsally centrally whitish (vs. without white mark), supra-clypeal area and clypeus entirely black (vs. dark brown, except clypeus central spot lightest), mid coxa white, with dorsal brownish mark taking coxa basal 0.8 (vs. entirely white), and hind leg, except white marks, blackish (vs. brown). Etymology. From the Latin word crus, meaning “leg,” in reference to the hind legs mostly dark-colored in this species. Distribution. Venezuela, found at the localities of Parque Nacional Henri Pittier (10°24’06”N 67°35’06”W) and Rancho Grande (10°04’14”N 67°32’50”W), Aragua; as well Ecuador, recorded from the locality of Muyuna, Napo (about 0°58’S 77°49’W) (Fig. 130). Material Examined. 3 ♀. Holotype ♀ from VENEZUELA, Aragua, Rancho Grande, 1140m, 25– 28.II.1995, flight interception trap, #011, RWBrooks leg. (CNCI). Left flagellum glued to triangle point, otherwise in good shape, mounted on triangle point. Paratypes: VENEZUELA: 1 ♀ from Aragua, P.N.H. Pittier Rancho Grande, env. 1100m, 9.IV.1994, V94-s.s, LMasner (CNCI). ECUADOR: 1 ♀ from Napo, Muyuna, 500 m, 5 Km W of Tena, 15.VI.1981, MCooper, Debilos sp. BFSantos det. 2009 (BMNH).Published as part of Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469 on pages 13-1
Debilos xanthochrosatum Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full textDebilos xanthochrosatum Scherrer, sp. nov. (Figs 115, 141) Description. Female. Fore wing 4.05 mm. Head: Antenna with 27 flagellomeres. Clypeus very sparsely punctate, markedly convex, most prominent ventrally, CWH 1.74; MWC 0.65, MLW 1.73, MWW 0.33; malar space long, MSM 1.33; supra-antennal area with almost indistinct, median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally distinctly longer than mandible base. Mesosoma. Pronotum lateral portion next to collar sub-laterally inconspicuously strigate-rugose, next to mesopleuron inconspicuously corrugated, epomia faint; notaulus moderately impressed, uniformly sculptured with mesoscutum, reaching about middle of mesoscutum; mesopleuron without distinct ridges or rugae, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.7 of mesopleuron, posteriorly inconspicuously, densely corrugated; mesopleural groove moderately corrugated; sternaulus anterior half faintly corrugated; postpectal carina medially straight; metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular; pleural carina stout; propodeum anterior area moderately long, PLL 0.86, anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards, posterior area without distinct ridges or rugae, uniformly colliculate with anterior area, spiracle subrounded, SWL 1.00, propodeal apophyses long, thorn-shaped, AHD 2.23. Legs: Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.26 × as long as anterior lobe. Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b perfectly straight, limit with crossvein 1m-cu indistinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M uniformly moderately curved; crossvein 1cu-a straight, arising distinctly apicad vein Rs&1M, by about 0.3 × 1cu-a length, angle with vein M+Cu about 90 degrees; vein 2Cua about same size of crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 0.83; areolet moderately large, APH 0.83; vein 2Ma distinctly longer than vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb absent; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla short, about 0.2 × as long as vein length or shorter; vein 2Rsb sinuous. Hind wing vein 2-1A absent, HWC 1.17. Metasoma. T1 finely coriarious, spiracle at about basal 0.7, prominent, T1LW 2.66, T1WW 3.10, T1GL 0.23; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.55, thyridium subcircular, T2LW 0.77, T2WW 1.82. Ovipositor approximately straight, OST 0.55, dorsal valve with nodus absent, notch absent; ventral valve tip without distinct serrations. Color. Head black, mesosoma, legs and metasoma yellowish (163, 128, 017). Head: Scape ventrally and clypeus yellowish; flagellomeres 6–10 mostly or entirely white; flagellomeres 12–27 lightest toward flagellum apex; mouth parts whitish (218, 216, 195), except mandible apex blackish. Mesosoma: Collar entirely, tegula, subalar ridge and propodeal apophyses white; propleuron darker than pronotum, except ventro-lateral corner lightest; pronotum dorsally, mesoscutum lateral and posterior borders, central portion and notaulus darkish to black. Legs: Fore coxa white. Wings: Hyaline. Metasoma: T1 and T2 slightly basally darkest; T1 apical 0.2 lightest; ovipositor sheath dark yellowish, except basal 0.6 ventrally whitish; ovipositor yellowish. Male. Unknown. Variability. Unknown. Comments. Included in the D. trochanteratum species group (see item Species Delimitation). Of all seven species in this group, D. xanthochrosatum uniquely has the mesosoma mostly yellowish (vs. mostly orangish brown in D. curtuvenatum, or black in the other ones), the fore wing without dark spots (vs. fore wing with two dark spots), and particularly the hind wing vein 2-1A absent (vs. very short, reaching about 0.2 × the distance to wing margin in D. curtuvenatum, or moderately short to long, reaching at least 0.5 × the distance to wing margin in the other species). Etymology. A combination of the Greek words xanthos, meaning “yellow,” and chros, meaning “skin,” in reference to the body surface mostly yellowish in this species. Distribution. Venezuela. Tiara, Aragua (about 10°07’60”N 67°09’00”W) (Fig. 141). Material Examined. Holotype ♀ from VENEZUELA, Aragua, Tiara, 1250 m, V94–12, 12.IV.1994, Forest, LMasner leg. (CNCI). In good shape, mounted on triangle point.Published as part of Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469 on pages 48-4
Debilos masipum Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full textDebilos masipum Scherrer, sp. nov. (Figs 45, 49, 111, 145) Description. Female. Fore wing 5.88 mm. Head: Antenna with 25 flagellomeres. Clypeus punctate, moderately convex, regularly curved, CWH 1.83; MWC 0.57, MLW 2.23, MWW 0.54; malar space moderately long, MSM 1.23; supra-antennal area with median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally approximately same width of mandible base. Mesosoma (Fig. 111). Pronotum lateral portion without distinct ridges or rugae, epomia faint; notaulus moderately impressed, inconspicuously, minutely corrugated, especially anteriorly, not reaching middle of mesoscutum; mesopleuron dorsal half medially inconspicuously rugulose, especially dorsally, ventral half without distinct ridges or rugae, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.6 of mesopleuron, posteriorly not corrugated; mesopleural groove moderately corrugated; sternaulus anterior half faintly corrugated; postpectal carina medially distinctly bent (Fig. 45); metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular; pleural carina moderately stout; propodeum anterior area very long, PLL 1.23 (Fig. 49), anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards, posterior area faintly strigate-rugose, with faint ridges medially slightly arched backwards, spiracle distinctly elliptic, SWL 1.80, propodeal apophyses long, thorn-shaped, AHD 2.50. Legs: Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.4 × as long as anterior lobe. Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b perfectly straight, limit with crossvein 1m-cu distinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M uniformly slightly curved; crossvein 1cu-a posteriorly slightly convex, arising opposite vein Rs&1M, angle with vein M+Cu about 90 degrees; vein 2Cua moderately shorter than crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 0.57; areolet small, APH 0.71; vein 2Ma distinctly shorter than vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb tubular; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla short, about 0.2 × as long as vein length or shorter; vein 2Rsb sinuous. Hind wing vein 2-1A long, reaching about 0.8–0.9 × the distance to wing margin, HWC 1.47. Metasoma (Fig. 111). T1 petiole basal half smooth towards base, apical half, postpetiole coriarious-punctulate, except pospetiole apical parts centrally smooth, sparsely punctulate, spiracle at about basal 0.7, prominent, T1LW 3.04, T1WW 2.70, T1GL 0.31; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.71, thyridium distinctly longer than wide, T2LW 0.93, T2WW 2.29. Ovipositor approximately straight, OST 0.56, dorsal valve with nodus absent, notch absent; ventral valve tip with inconspicuous serrations restricted to very tip. Color. Head black, mesosoma and legs brown (125, 092, 057), metasoma mostly dark brown (073, 054, 042) and dark yellowish (165, 127, 020). Head: Scape ventrally lightest; scape and pedicel dorsally, flagellomeres 1, 5– 10 entirely white; clypeus dark brown; mouth parts whitish (218, 216, 195), except mandible apex blackish. Mesosoma: Collar entirely, tegula, subalar ridge, and propodeal apophyses white; propleuron darker than pronotum, except ventro-lateral corner white; mesoscutum medially with centro-posterior square dark mark; propodeum anterior portion centrally darkest. Legs: Fore and mid coxae and trochanters, hind coxa apical margin, trochanter basal margin, tibia basal 0.2, and t2 entirely and t3 basal half white, except dorsal brown mark taking mid coxa basal 0.2 and mid trochanter dorsally dark brown; hind trochanter apical margin dorsally, trochantellus ventrally and femora basal 0.1 lightest; trochantellus apical parts dorsally, fore and mid femur basally, fore and mid tibiae anteriorly and posteriorly, and hind trochanter apical margin dorsally pale yellow (241, 224, 144) to whitish. Fore wing with two distinct dark spots, on apical half of cell 3M and 1+2R1, and cell 1Cu apical parts, and respective surrounding areas. Metasoma: T1 and T2 entirely, and T3 basal half dark brown, except T1 ventrally and thyridium lightest, T1 apical 0.2 and T2 apical 0.3 with white stripe, T2 stripe central 0.6–0.7 anteriorly concave, concavity interior dark yellowish and apex reaching about half stripe width; T3 apical half, T4–8 basally brown, dark yellowish toward tergites apex; T6 apical margin, T7 and T8 dorsally, and sternites medially white; ovipositor sheath dark brown, except basal 0.8 ventrally whitish; ovipositor light brown (187, 144, 084). Male. Unknown. Variability. Hind wing vein 2-1A sometimes reaching wing margin. Color: Flagellomere 1 dorsally sometimes with central faint white mark; scutellum occasionally lightest; mid coxa with brown mark sometimes restricted to basal margin; extension and brightness of lightest marks on legs variable. Comments. Included in the D. typurum species group (see item Species Delimitation). Among all Debilos spp., D. masipum along with D. okarum, D. sanimum, and D. makirum uniquely have the mesoscutum with a medial, centro-posterior square dark mark. Among these species cited above, D. masipum can be wrongly taken as D. sanimum, because of their very similar body color pattern, especially the metasoma posterior half dark yellowish. However, D. masipum differs from D. sanimum by having the collar entirely white (vs. orangish brown, dorsally white), postpectal carina medially distinctly bent (vs. straight), propodeum anterior area very long, PLL 1.23 (vs. short, PLL 0.61), propodeal spiracle distinctly elliptic, SWL 1.80 (vs. very elongate, SWL 2.67), and hind t2 entirely and t3 basal half whitish (vs. tarsus without white marks). Due to its metasoma posterior half dark yellowish, D. masipum can also resemble D. tasamunum, but can be instantly separated from it by having the flagellomere 1 dorsally white (vs. without white mark), mesoscutum medially with centro-posterior square dark mark (vs. without medial dark mark), epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.6 of mesopleuron (vs. 0.8 of mesopleuron), postpectal carina medially distinctly bent (vs. straight) and hind t2 entirely and t3 basal half whitish (vs. t1 apically, t2 and t3 white). Etymology. From the Carib word masìpe, meaning “long,” in reference to the propodeum anterior area very long in this species. Distribution. Brazil. Apparently associated to Atlantic rainforest, recorded from several localities at Espírito Santo: Alfredo Chaves (20°27’53”S 40°42’35”W), Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, Cariacica (20°16’21”S 40°28’40”W), Mata Pico do Eldorado, Domingos Martins (20°22’17”S 40°39’29”W), Fazenda Clarindo Kruger, Santa Maria de Jetibá (20°04’27.9”S 40°44’51.3”W), and Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa (19°57’55”S 40°32’25”W) (Fig. 145). Material Examined. 12 ♀. Holotype ♀ from BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, Pau Amarelo, 24–26.X.2005, yellow pans, APAguiar et al. leg. (UFES). In good shape, mounted on triangle point. Paratypes: BRAZIL: 1 ♀ from Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, 09–13.V.2006, yellow pans, MTavares, CAzevedo et al. leg. (UFES); 2 ♀, same data except 30.VII–04.VIII.2005 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Santa Maria de Jetibá, Faz. Clarindo Kruger, 20°04’27.9”S 40°44’51.3”W, 06–13.XII.2002, Malaise trap B8, MTavares, CAzevedo et al. leg. (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, sede, 20°16’21”S 40°28’40”W, 29–30.IV.2005, APAguiar et al. leg (UFES); 3 ♀, same data except Pau Amarelo, 22–24.X.2005 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except 25–27.X.2003 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except 28–31.X.2005 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Alfredo Chaves, 20°27’53”S 40°42’35”W, Picadão, mata, 714 m, 8–15.X.2007, Malaise trap 6, COAzevedo et al. leg (UFES).Published as part of Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469 on pages 26-2
Scherrer formula : the century of erroneous practices
No full textWe present the sources of uncertainty in the evaluation of grain size in nanomaterial.
The calculations are made for the same diffraction pattern using Scherrer
and Williamson-Hall methods. As an example we use the CoCr2O4 nanocrystal. The
comparison of results from different calculations, methods and programs is made
just to show how important is the (correct) choice of a method and its internal parameters.
The data from well known Scherrer formula, show that the difference in
obtained results exceeds 100% up to even about 350%. This indicates that in any
case the Scherrer formula could not give the correct and reliable value for crystallite
size. As a consequence, the wide use of this formula is a great error providing the
incorrect results
Generic redefinition, key and two new species of Acorystus To w ne s (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae)
No full textScherrer, Marcus V., Santos, Bernardo F., Aguiar, Alexandre P. (2010): Generic redefinition, key and two new species of Acorystus To w ne s (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae). Zootaxa 2721: 28-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19990
Debilos gnampthum Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full textDebilos gnampthum Scherrer, sp. nov. (Figs 77, 90, 97, 133) Description. Female. Fore wing 6.56 mm. Head (Fig. 77): Antenna with 27–28 flagellomeres. Clypeus smooth, sparsely punctate towards apex, moderately convex, regularly curved, CWH 1.52; MWC 0.61, MLW 1.79, MWW 0.42; malar space moderately long, MSM 0.84; supra-antennal area with almost indistinct, median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally approximately same width of mandible base. Mesosoma (Fig. 97). Pronotum lateral portion inconspicuously strigate to rugose, epomia faint; notaulus faintly impressed, finely corrugated, reaching about middle of mesoscutum; mesopleuron dorsal half medially faintly strigulate-rugulose, ventral half without distinct ridges or rugae, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.6 of mesopleuron, posteriorly inconspicuously, sparsely corrugated; mesopleural groove markedly, sparsely corrugated; sternaulus entirely moderately corrugated; postpectal carina medially distinctly bent; metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular; pleural carina stout; propodeum anterior area short, PLL 0.76, anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards, posterior area rugulose, with ridges not forming distinct pattern, spiracle distinctly elliptic, SWL 2.20, propodeal apophyses long, thorn-shaped, AHD 2.53. Legs: Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.4 × as long as anterior lobe. Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b perfectly straight, limit with crossvein 1m-cu distinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M uniformly slightly curved; crossvein 1cu-a posteriorly slightly convex, arising distinctly apicad vein Rs&1M, by about 0.2 × 1cu-a length, angle with vein M+Cu about 90 degrees; vein 2Cua moderately shorter than crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 0.63; areolet small, APH 0.63; vein 2Ma approximately as long as vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb tubular; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla short, about 0.2 × as long as vein length or shorter; vein 2Rsb sinuous. Hind wing vein 2-1A long, reaching about 0.8 × the distance to wing margin, HWC 1.53. Metasoma (Fig. 97). T1 petiole basal half smooth towards base, apical half, postpetiole coriarious-punctulate, except pospetiole apical parts centrally smooth, sparsely punctulate, spiracle at about basal 0.6, prominent, T1LW 3.20, T1WW 2.31, T1GL 0.30; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.75, thyridium subcircular, T2LW 1.01, T2WW 2.05. Ovipositor slightly but uniformly downcurved, OST 0.59, dorsal valve with nodus absent, notch absent; ventral valve tip without distinct serrations. Color. Head black, mesosoma, legs and metasoma black. Head: Scape apex ventrally lightest; pedicel dorsal mark and flagellomeres 1, 5–9 dorsally white (Fig. 90); mouth parts whitish (218, 216, 195), except mandible base and apex blackish. Mesosoma: Propodeal apophyses white. Legs: Fore and mid coxae apical half, hind coxa apical margin, fore and mid trochanters, fore trochantellus ventrally, hind trochanter basal margin and hind t1 apical half, t2–3 entirely white, except fore and mid trochanters dorsally mostly blackish; femora basal 0.1 slightly lightest; femora antero-ventral longitudinal line, fore and mid tibiae anteriorly and posteriorly, mid t2, hind trochanter apical margin dorsally, hind tibia basal 0.2 and hind t4 pale yellow (241, 224, 144) to whitish. Wings: Hyaline. Metasoma: T1–5 apical margin distinctly lightest; T6–8 apical margin dorsally white; sternites medially white; ovipositor sheath dark brown (092, 054, 024), except basal 0.75 ventrally whitish; ovipositor brown (159, 113, 062). Male. Unknown. Variability. Paratype with propodeal apophyses longer than Holotype, somewhat curved backward. Color: Leg marks pale yellow (241, 224, 144). Comments. Included in the D. orthum species group (see item Species Delimitation), formed by D. gnampthum and D. orthum. However, D. gnampthum is easily isolated from D. orthum by having the pedicel with a dorsal white mark and flagellomere 1 dorsally white (vs. pedicel and flagellomere 1 entirely black), entirely propodeum anterior area short, PLL 0.76 (vs. moderately long, PLL 1.03), anterior transverse carina medially distinctly arched forwards (vs. slightly, uniformly curved), and fore wing vein 2Ma approximately as long as vein 2Mb (vs. distinctly shorter to longer than vein 2Mb). Etymology. From the Greek word gnampton, meaning “bent, curved,” in reference to the anterior transverse carina of propodeum medially distinctly arched forwards in this species. Distribution. Recorded from Brazil, at the locality of Paragominas, Pará (around 02°58’0”S 47°28’60”W); and French Guyana, on Patawa (04°33.562’N 52°12.425’W) (Fig. 133). Material Examined. 2 ♀. Holotype ♀ from FRENCH GUYANA, Patawa, Kaw, Mts, 04°33.562’N 52°12.425’W, VII.2007, Malaise, JCerda leg. (CNCI). In good shape, mounted on triangle point. Paratype: BRAZIL: 1 ♀ from Pará, Paragominas, Faz. Cachoeira do Rio Vermelho, 18–21.I.1991, Malaise trap, JDias, Debilos sp. MCGonçalvez det. 2004 (MPEG).Published as part of Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469 on pages 21-2
Debilos dnopheror Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full textDebilos dnopheror Scherrer, sp. nov. (Figs 44, 52, 60, 71, 75, 88, 95, 126) Description. Female. Fore wing 7.4 mm. Head (Figs 75, 88): Antenna with 28–32 flagellomeres. Clypeus smooth, sparsely punctate towards apex, markedly convex, most prominent ventrally, CWH 1.53; MWC 0.58, MLW 1.82, MWW 0.55; malar space moderately long, MSM 1.27; supra-antennal area with faint, median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally approximately same width of mandible base. Mesosoma (Fig. 95). Pronotum lateral portion next to collar inconspicuously strigate-rugose, next to mesopleuron inconspicuously corrugated, epomia faint; notaulus inconspicuously impressed, uniformly sculptured with mesoscutum, reaching about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 44); mesopleuron dorsal half medially faintly strigulate-rugulose, ventral half without distinct ridges or rugae, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.8 of mesopleuron, posteriorly inconspicuously, densely corrugated; mesopleural groove markedly, sparsely corrugated; sternaulus entirely moderately corrugated; postpectal carina medially slightly to distinctly bent; metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular (Fig. 52); pleural carina moderately stout; propodeum anterior area short, PLL 0.44, anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards, posterior area densely strigulate-rugulose, with ridges not forming distinct pattern, spiracle distinctly elliptic, SWL 2.00, propodeal apophyses short, conical, AHD 1.00. Legs (Figs 60, 71): Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.67 × as long as anterior lobe (Fig. 71). Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b slightly sinuous, limit with crossvein 1m-cu indistinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M posteriorly slightly curved; crossvein 1cu-a uniformly slightly convex, arising distinctly apicad vein Rs&1M, by about 0.1 × 1cu-a length, angle with vein M+Cu about 90 degrees; vein 2Cua moderately shorter than crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 0.75; areolet small, APH 0.79; vein 2Ma approximately as long as vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb tubular; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla short, about 0.2 × as long as vein length or shorter; vein 2Rsb sinuous. Hind wing vein 2-1A long, reaching about 0.8 × the distance to wing margin, HWC 2.06. Metasoma (Fig. 95). T1 petiole basal half smooth towards base, apical half, postpetiole coriarious-punctulate, except pospetiole apical parts centrally smooth, sparsely punctulate, spiracle at about basal 0.6, not prominent, T1LW 2.90, T1WW 2.61, T1GL 0.32; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.75, thyridium distinctly longer than wide, T2LW 1.03, T2WW 1.90. Ovipositor slightly but uniformly downcurved, OST 0.61, dorsal valve with nodus faint, notch present; ventral valve tip with inconspicuous serrations restricted to very tip. Color. Head, mesosoma, legs and metasoma black. Head: Dorsal portion of flagellomeres 5–9 and mouth parts, except mandible, white; mandible blackish, dorsal and ventral margins and apex before teeth lightest, often whitish (242, 228, 204). Mesosoma: Propodeal apophyses white. Legs: Coxae and trochanters apical margin, fore tibia anteriorly and posteriorly, mid tibia posteriorly and basal 0.2 ventrally, and hind tibia basal 0.1 dorsally with whitish mark; fore femur ventrally whitish towards apex; fore t1 pale yellow (221, 190, 117); mid tarsomeres, hind femur, tibia and tarsomeres dark brown (109, 083, 060). Wings: Hyaline. Metasoma: T1 apical margin with central semicircular mark light brown; apical margin of T2–3 whitish; sternites medially white; T2–8 basally black, brownish towards apex; ovipositor sheath dark brown, except basal 0.6 ventrally whitish; ovipositor brown (174, 111, 057). Male. Unknown. Variability. Body size highly variable, with the fore wing length about 6.10 to 8.50 mm. Color: Flagellomeres 4 apical parts and 10 basal parts sometimes white; mandible dorsal margin occasionally slightly whitish; extension and brightness of lightest marks on legs variable; T1 apical margin semicircular mark occasionally taking the entire margin. Comments. Included in the D. soror species group (see item Species Delimitation). It is remarkable that the examined specimens have extreme body size variation as cited under “Variability,” but their identical morphologic features and body coloration strongly support all individuals indeed as a single species. The largest specimens of D. dnopheror can resemble specimens of D. dialeucor because of their similar general morphology and black coloration, but can be recognizable in having the clypeus entirely black (vs. with a central white spot), hind t4 lobes of unequal size, posterior lobe about 0.67 × as long as anterior lobe (vs. lobes of approximately equal size, posterior lobe about 0.95 × as long as anterior lobe), T1 spiracle not prominent (vs. inconspicuously prominent), and apical margin of coxae distinctly whitish (vs. slightly whitish). Its general black coloration can also make it resemble D. palaior, but it can be easily identifiable by having a fainter general sculpturing and strigation on some body regions, such as the pronotum lateral portion next to collar inconspicuously strigate-rugose, and next to mesopleuron inconspicuously corrugated (vs. distinctly strigate to rugose), epomia delicate (vs. moderately stout), mesopleuron dorsal half medially faintly strigulate-rugulose, ventral half without distinct ridges or rugae (vs. dorsal half medially strigulate, ventral half posteriorly strigate with ridges taking mesopleural groove), and sternaulus entirely moderately corrugated (vs. entirely markedly corrugated). However, the coloration of D. dnopheror also differs from that of D. palaior in having the wings hyaline (vs. with uniform yellowish tint) and coxae apical margin whitish (vs. coxae entirely black). Etymology. From the Greek word dnopheron, meaning “dark,” in reference to the body almost entirely black in this species. Distribution. Recorded from Brazil, on the locality of Amazonas: Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus (02°57’21”S 59°55’20”W); and three localities of Pará: Benevides (around 01°22’S 48°15’W), Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço (02°04’54”S 51°51’05”W), and Serra Norte; Peru, on Pachitea, Madre de Dios; and Suriname, at Saramacca (05°09’N 56°04’W) (Fig. 126). Material Examined. 43 ♀. Holotype ♀ from BRAZIL, Pará, Melgaço, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, trilha Igarapé, Tijucaquara, 15–18.IX.2003, yellow pans, APAguiar & JDias, P05038 (UFES). In good shape, mounted on triangle point. Paratypes: SURINAME: 1 ♀ from Saramacca W Suriname Rd., 05°09’N 56°04’W, 10–14.VI.1999, flight interception trap, SUR1f99 075, ZHFalin & BDedjin (CNCI). PERU: 1 ♀ from Madre de Dios, Pachitea, 317m, 15–16.X.2000, flight interception trap, RBrooks (CNCI). BRAZIL: 1 ♀ from Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Adolfo Duke, yellow pans, 7–9.X.2005, APAguiar et al. leg (UFES); 1 ♀ from Pará, Benevides, Faz. Morelan., 4–6.VII.1988, Malaise trap, FFRamos (MPEG); 1 ♀, same data except Serra Norte, Est. do Manganês, 12.V.1984, MFRamos, Debilos sp. MCGonçalvez det. 2004, MPEG HYM 11006410 (MPEG); 1 ♀, same data except 25.II.1984, LBAlbuquerque, MPEG HYM 11006404 (MPEG); 3 ♀, same data except Melgaço, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, 13–16.IX.2003, yellow pans, APAguiar & JDias (UFES); 4 ♀, same data except 16–19.IX.2003 (UFES); 5 ♀, same data except 19–22.IX.2003 (UFES); 2 ♀, same data except 22–25.IX.2003 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Malaise trap, M2, 19–25.IX.2003 (UFES); 2 ♀, same data except, Tilha Igarapé Ararua, yellow pans, 15–18.IX.2003 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except 18–21.IX.2003 (UFES); 1 ♀, same data except Trilha Igarapé Curua, 20–23.IX.2003 (UFES); 4 ♀, same data except Trilha Igarapé Tijucaquara, 15–18.IX.2003 (UFES); 5 ♀, same data except 18–21.IX.2003 (UFES); 3 ♀, same data except 21–24.IX.2003 (UFES); 3 ♀, same data except 24–27.IX.2003 (UFES).Published as part of Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469 on pages 18-1
Debilos palaior Scherrer & Aguiar 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Debilos palaior</i> Scherrer, sp. nov. <p>(Figs 11, 25, 43, 54, 93, 127)</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Female. Fore wing 9.8 mm. <i>Head</i>: Antenna with 30–31 flagellomeres. Clypeus entirely punctate, smooth towards apex, markedly convex, most prominent ventrally, CWH 1.64; MWC 0.67, MLW 1.77, MWW 0.55; malar space moderately long, MSM 1.20; supra-antennal area with almost indistinct, median, longitudinal carina; minimum distance from eye margin to occipital carina laterally approximately same width of mandible base.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i> (Fig. 93). Pronotum lateral portion distinctly strigate to rugose, epomia moderately marked; notaulus moderately impressed, inconspicuously, minutely corrugated, especially anteriorly, reaching about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 43); mesopleuron dorsal half medially strigulate, ventral half posteriorly strigate with ridges taking mesopleural groove, epicnemial carina restricted to ventral 0.8 of mesopleuron, posteriorly inconspicuously, densely corrugated; mesopleural groove markedly, sparsely corrugated; sternaulus entirely markedly corrugated; postpectal carina medially distinctly bent; metapleuron, subapical fovea shallow, subcircular; pleural carina stout; propodeum anterior area short, PLL 0.48, anterior transverse carina distinct, complete, medially distinctly arched forwards (Fig. 11), posterior area markedly strigate-rugose, with ridges medially slightly arched backwards, spiracle very elongate, SWL 2.88 (Fig. 54), propodeal apophyses short, conical, AHD 1.43. Legs: Hind t4 posterior lobe about 0.75 × as long as anterior lobe. Wings (Fig. 25): Fore wing vein (Rs+M)b slightly but uniformly curved, limit with crossvein 1m-cu indistinct, ramellus absent; vein Rs&1M posteriorly slightly curved; crossvein 1cu-a uniformly slightly convex, arising opposite vein Rs&1M, angle with vein M+Cu about 90 degrees; vein 2Cua moderately shorter than crossvein 2cu-a, FWC 0.72; areolet small, APH 0.84; vein 2Ma distinctly longer than vein 2Mb; vein 2Mb tubular; crossvein 2m-cu with bulla short, about 0.2 × as long as vein length or shorter; vein 2Rsb sinuous. Hind wing vein 2-1A long, reaching about 0.8 × the distance to wing margin, HWC 1.72.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i> (Fig. 93). T1 petiole basal half smooth towards base, apical half, postpetiole coriarious-punctulate, except pospetiole apical parts centrally smooth, sparsely punctulate, spiracle at about basal 0.6, inconspicuously prominent, T1LW 3.17, T1WW 2.61, T1GL 0.32; T2 moderately short, apically robust, T2T1L 0.74, thyridium subcircular, T2LW 1.09, T2WW 1.93. Ovipositor slightly but uniformly downcurved, OST 0.69, dorsal valve with nodus faint, notch present; ventral valve tip with inconspicuous serrations restricted to very tip.</p> <p> <i>Color</i>. Head, mesosoma, legs and metasoma black. Head: Dorsal portion of flagellomeres 5–9 and mouth parts, except mandible, white. Mesosoma: Propodeal apophyses white. Legs: Trochanters apical margin white; fore femur anteriorly whitish towards apex; fore and mid tibiae anteriorly and posteriorly pale yellow (222, 194, 099); fore and mid tarsomeres brownish (180, 104, 061). Wings: With uniform yellowish tint (Fig. 25). Metasoma: T1 apical margin with central semicircular mark light brown; apical margin of T2 and 3 often whitish; sternites medially white; ovipositor sheath dark brown, except basal 0.6 ventrally whitish; ovipositor brown (144, 088, 056).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Variability</b>. Paratype fore wing crossvein 1cu-a slightly convex and arising almost indistinctly apicad vein Rs& 1M.</p> <p> <b>Comments</b>. Included in the <i>D</i>. <i>soror</i> species group (see item Species Delimitation). Individuals of <i>D</i>. <i>palaior</i> are conspicuous among other species of the group by having the wings with uniform yellowish tint (<i>vs</i>. entirely hyaline) and general body sculpturation more marked, such as the pronotum lateral portion distinctly strigate to rugose (<i>vs</i>. next to collar inconspicuously strigate-rugose, and next to mesopleuron inconspicuously corrugated), epomia moderately stout (<i>vs</i>. delicate), notaulus moderately impressed (<i>vs</i>. inconspicuously impressed), and mesopleuron dorsal half medially strigulate, ventral half posteriorly strigate with ridges taking mesopleural groove (<i>vs</i>. dorsal half medially faintly strigulate-rugulose, ventral half without distinct ridges or rugae).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. From the Greek word <i>palaion</i>, meaning “aged, ancient,” in reference to the wings with yellowish tint, giving this species an aged appearance.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Recorded from Peru, on the locality of Ucayali, Tingo María (09°08.2’S 75°47.3’W); and Ecuador, on Cordillera Cutucú, at Morona-Santiago (around 02°19’S 78°07’W) (Fig. 127).</p> <p> <b>Material Examined</b>. 2 ♀. Holotype ♀ from PERU, Ucayali, Tingo María, Pacalpard, km 205, 1300 m, flight interception trap, 09°08.2’S 75°47.3’W, 11–14.X.1999, RBrooks <i>leg</i>. (CNCI). In good shape, mounted on triangle point. Paratype: ECUADOR: 1 ♀ from Morona-Santiago, Cord. De Cutucu, 6 km east of Macas, 1,100 m, 28.III.1981, MCooper, <i>Debilos</i> sp. AMTedesco det. 2009 (BMNH).</p>Published as part of <i>Scherrer, Marcus V. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2012, 3469, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 3469</i> on pages 34-3
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