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Bonesioides barombiensis Freund & Wagner 2003
No full textBonesioides barombiensis (Jacoby, 1903); comb. nov. Monolepta barombiensis Jacoby, 1903: 335. Barombiella graciosa Laboissière, 1941: 321; syn. nov. Redescription Total length. 6.4–8.5 mm (mean: 7.95 mm). Head. Labial and maxillary palpus brown to black, mandible dark brown to black with brighter apex; labrum, frons and vertex brown to black. Antenna extending towards the end of the metasternum (figure 21), entirely black or first antennal article brown, becoming paler brown distally and all following articles brownish yellow. Second article on average one-third shorter than third article (figure 22): A2/A3: 0.50–0.85 (mean: 0.71); article 4 longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.43–0.59 (mean: 0.51). Eyes very large (figure 21), WE/DE: 0.69–0.92 (mean: 0.77). Thorax. Pronotum black, PL: 1.0– 1.3 mm (mean: 1.22 mm), PW: 2.0– 2.6 mm (mean: 2.42 mm), PL/PW: 0.48–0.52 (mean: 0.50). Elytra pale brown, EL: 5.0–7.0 mm (mean: 6.42 mm), EW: 3.0–4.0 mm (mean: 3.63 mm), EW/EL: 0.49–0.62 (mean: 0.57). Mesothorax and metathorax black. Legs either black, with distal ends of tibiae dark brown to brown, or coxa, trochanter and femur dark brown, tibia and tarsus pale brown. Metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 21), TA/TI: 0.50–0.56 (mean: 0.53 mm). Abdomen. Dark brown to black. Male genitalia. Median lobe very slender, parallel-sided in basal three-quarters, slightly narrowed apically (figure 24). Orifice narrow, tectum narrow and long. Base of endophallus with two small spiculae, endophallic brush large, apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius long, partly protrudent. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with insignificantly expanded nodulus, homogeneously converging towards straight middle part; cornu strongly curved (figure 23). Distribution. Each one specimen recorded from Cameroon and Gabon and several specimens from Congo and Congo-Brazzaville (figure 25). Diagnosis. B. barombiensis can be easily identified by the pale brown elytra which is a unique character in Bonesioides. Two different coloration types of antennae and legs were found. Some specimens have dark brown or black antennae and legs, while others are characterized by pale brown antennae, tibiae and tarsi. Type material H : W ‘ Monolepta barombiensis Jac. / Kamerun, Barombi, Conradt / Jacoby coll. 1909-28a’ (BMNH); Cameroon: 4°40∞N/9°25∞E; examined. L : W ‘ Barombiella graciosa m., V. Laboissière det. 1940 / Musée du Congo, Tshuapa: Eala, May 1935, J. Ghesquière’ (MRAC); Congo: 0°4∞N/18°17∞E; this designation. P : Congo: 1 ex., same data as holotype; 5 ex., same data as holotype (1 ex., ‘ X.1935 ’; 1 ex., ‘ X.1935 ’; 1 ex., ‘ I.1936 ’; 2 ex., ‘ IV.1936 ’, all (MRAC)); 1 ex., Bombona, 2°23∞N/19°3∞E, July 1935, A. Bal (MRAC); 1 ex., River Busira, 0°7∞S/19°18∞E, June 1936, J. Ghesquière (MRAC); 1 ex., Ilenge, 0°15∞S/20°35∞E, January 1918, R. Mayné (MRAC); 1 ex., N’Gomo, 0°55∞S/9°20∞E, Junod, coll. Clavereau (MRAC); this designation. No holotype was designated either in the original description or on the material examined. Other material examined Congo: 1 ex., Tshuapa: Bamanya, 0°0’/18°20∞E, 1968, P. Hulstaert (MRAC); 13 ex., same data as holotype (2 ex., July 1935; 1 ex., January 1936; 1 ex., February 1936; 6 ex., September 1936; 1 ex., October 1936; 2 ex., November 1936) (MRAC); 1 ex., Kasai: Kondue, 4°57∞S/23°21∞ E, E. Luja (IRSNB); 1 ex., Kisangani, 0°31∞N/25°11∞E, March 1971, J. Taverniers (MRAC); 3 ex., 180 km W from Bukavu, May 1988, Hung. Sci. Africa Exp. ‘ Telekei’, A. Vojnits (HNHM). Congo-Brazzaville: 5 ex., Odzala Nat. Park, 0°55∞S/9°20∞ E, S. Muzin and V. Siniaev (CBe).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1931-1932, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides godzilla Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides godzilla sp. nov. Description Total length. 8.9–9.5 mm (mean: 9.1 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus dark brown to black; frons and vertex either dark metallic blue or metallic black. Eyes small, frons broad (figure 58); WE/DE: 0.44–0.51 (mean: 0.47). Antenna dark blue to black, extending towards end of mesosternum (figure 58). Antennal articles short and broad (figure 59), A2/A3: 0.61–0.69 (mean: 0.65), article 4 shorter than 2 and 3 combined, ratio article 3 to 4: 0.64–0.71 (mean: 0.68). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue to metallic black. Pronotum long and broad, PL: 1.6–1.7 mm (mean: 1.62 mm), PW: 2.9–3.2 mm (mean: 3.05 mm), PL/PW: 0.50–0.55 (mean: 0.53). Elytra nearly parallel-sided from humeri towards the apex of elytra. EW: 3.8–4.4 mm (mean: 4.07 mm), EL: 6.6–7.2 mm (mean 6.80 mm), EW/EL: 0.58–0.61 (mean: 0.60). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs dark metallic blue to metallic black. Metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 58), TA/TI: 0.43–0.50 (mean: 0.46). Abdomen. Dark metallic blue to metallic black. Male genitalia. Median lobe homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 61). Orifice very broad, nearly rectangular at base. Tectum short and broad, wide open in lateral view. Endophallus slender, with two small spiculae. Protruding apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius and large endophallic brush partly covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slightly expanded nodulus, short middle part and slightly curved, nearly straight cornu, with a sharper bend near apex (figure 60). Distribution. Recorded from Congo and Ghana (figure 11). Diagnosis. Bonesioides godzilla sp. nov. is similar to B. coerulea and B. caerulea (figures 7, 26). The pronotum of B. godzilla sp. nov. is much broader (figure 58), the antennal articles are shorter and broader (figure 59). The PW is largest in B. godzilla sp. nov. (2.95–3.20 mm), while smaller in B. coerulea (2.4–2.6 mm) and B. caerulea sp. nov. (2.1–2.4 mm). The elytra in B. godzilla sp. nov. are nearly parallelsided from humeri apically (figure 58), while in B. coerulea and B. caerulea elytra expanded apically (figures 7, 26). B. godzilla sp. nov. is the largest of all Bonesioides species known. The total length ranges between 8.9 and 9.5 mm, while B. caerulea has a maximum length of 7.9 mm and B. coerulea of 8.6 mm. Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides godzilla / Bonesioides godzilla Freund & Wagner 2000 / Bonesioides coerulea All. G. E. Bryant det. 1951 / Congo belge P. N. U., R. Kateke (s. aff. I. Lufira), 960 m, 23-XI–5-XII 1947, Miss G. F. de Witte: 1093a’ (IRSNB); Congo: 9°4∞S/26°43∞E. P: Congo: 1 ex., Kisangani, 0°33∞N/25°14∞E, March 1972, J. Taverniers (MRAC). Ghana: 1 ex., Asente Akem, 6°45∞N/1°30∞W, Junod, coll. Clavareau (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1951-1952, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides nitida Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides nitida sp. nov. Description Total length. 4.8–5.5 mm (mean: 5.17 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus black; frons and vertex dark metallic golden green. Antenna black, short, extending towards end of mesosternum (figure 79); first three antennal articles rarely dark brown. Antennal article 3 about 50% longer than article 2 (figure 80), A2/A3: 0.50–0.67 (mean: 0.60); antennal article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.61–0.71 (mean: 0.69). Eyes small (figure 79), WE/DE: 0.52–0.61 (mean: 0.55). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic golden green. PL: 0.7–0.9 mm (mean: 0.82 mm), PW: 1.5–1.7 mm (mean: 1.64 mm), PL/PW: 0.46–0.53 (mean: 0.50). EL: 3.8–4.3 mm (mean: 4.05 mm), EW: 2.4–2.7 mm (mean: 2.55 mm), EW/EL: 0.57–0.66 (mean: 0.63). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 79), TA/TI: 0.47–0.51 (mean: 0.49). Abdomen. Black. Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, homogeneously narrowed apically, with a contraction at beginning of apical third (figure 82). Base of orifice nearly rectangular, tectum short and slender. Endophallus with a large sclerotized base and two rightcurved spiculae; endophallic brush and apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius protruding, not covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slender nodulus, homogeneously converging towards short and straight middle part; cornu varying in length and curvature (figure 81). Distribution. Recorded from montane regions of the Albertine Rift in Kivu (figure 53). Diagnosis. Bonesioides nitida sp. nov. is most similar to B. virens and B. budongoensis sp. nov. (figures 30, 49), but can be distinguished by the colour of pronotum and elytra. B. nitida sp. nov. has a metallic golden green coloration, while B. budongoensis sp. nov. is much duller and B. virens has a brighter metallic green or purple coloration. Furthermore, the antenna as a whole and the antennal articles in detail in B. virens are much longer than in B. nitida sp. nov (figures 31, 50). Males can be distinguished by the median lobe, which is much more slender in B. nitida sp. nov. than in B. budongoensis sp. nov. or B. virens (figures 33, 52, 82). The endophallus in B. nitida sp. nov. is not hooked at base like in B. budongoensis sp. nov., the endophallic brush and the apical part of the ductus ejaculatorius is larger and more protruding than in B. virens. Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides nitida / Bonesioides nitida Freund & Wagner 2000 / Congo belge: P. N. A., 23-VII-1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck & V. Hendrickx, 4680 / Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, 2080 m’ (IRSNB); Congo: 0°20∞N/29°48∞E. P: Congo: 1 ex., Butagu Valley, 0°21∞N/29°43∞E, 2000 m, November 1931, Mme L. Lebrun (MRAC); 3 ex., P. N. A., Ihongero, 0°20∞N/29°45∞E, 2480 m, September 1952 – January 1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., P. N. A., river Kalivina, 2350 m, April 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck and R. Fonteyne (IRSNB); 5 ex., P. N. A., Kalonge, 2120 m, July 1952 – February 1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., same data label as holotype (IRSNB); 1 ex., P. N. A., Kyandolire, Camp des Gardes, 1700 m, October 1952, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., Lulenga, 1°25∞S/29°23∞E, November 1925, Dr H. Schouteden (MRAC); 1 ex., P. N. A., Mt Hoyo, 1°13∞N/29°49∞E, 1280 m, July 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSNB); 4 ex., Nzombe, 3°11∞S/28°32∞E, 2000 m, August–September 1950, Froidebise (MRAC); 1 ex., Mwenga, 3°2∞S/28°26∞E, 2250 m, February 1957, N. Leleup (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1960-1962, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides trispiculata Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides trispiculata sp. nov. Description Total length. 4.2–4.6 mm (mean: 4.34 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus dark brown, frons and vertex dark metallic blue. Antenna dark brown, first three articles paler. Antennal article 3 about 50% longer than article 2 (figure 91), A2/A3: 0.60–0.67 (mean: 0.63); article 4 about same length of articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.60–0.67 (mean 0.63). Eyes large (figure 90), WE/DE: 0.67–0.70 (mean: 0.68). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue. PL: 0.7–0.8 mm (mean: 0.75 mm), PW: 1.2–1.5 mm (mean: 1.35 mm), PL/PW: 0.54–0.57 (mean: 0.56). EL: 3.2–3.6 mm (mean: 3.34 mm), EW: 1.9–2.2 mm (mean: 2.03 mm), EW/EL: 0.58–0.63 (mean: 0.61). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs dark metallic blue, metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 90), TA/TI: 0.48–0.49 (mean: 0.49). Abdomen. Dark metallic blue. Male genitalia. Median lobe slightly expanded medially, strongly narrowed from tectum towards apex (figure 92). Base of orifice rectangular, tectum broad and short. Endophallus with broad base and three spiculae, one protruding out of endophallus. Endophallic brush absent, protruding apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius very long, extending from tectum towards apex of median lobe. Female genitalia. Female unknown. Distribution. Recorded from two locations in Central Congo (figure 38). Diagnosis. Bonesioides trispiculata sp. nov. is very similar in coloration and size to B. gambiae sp. nov., B. kirschi and B. laboissierei nom. nov. (figures 17, 34, 54, 92), but can be unmistakeably identified by the peculiar pattern of the median lobe and the endophallus, since B. trispiculata sp. nov. is the only Bonesioides species, which has three endophallic spiculae (figure 92). The antennal articles in B. kirschi and B. laboissierei nom. nov. are shorter and broader than in B. trispiculata sp. nov. (figures 17, 34, 54). The eyes in B. trispiculata sp. nov. are larger than in B. kirschi (figures 17, 90; mean WE/DE in B. trispiculata sp. nov. 0.68, B. kirschi 0.59). Furthermore, B. trispiculata sp. nov. is restricted to Central Congo, while B. gambiae sp. nov. is restricted to Gambia and the other two species mainly occur in eastern and southern Africa (figure 38). Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides trispiculata / Bonesioides trispiculata Freund & Wagner 2000 / Musée du Congo, Bumbuli, I-IV-1915, R. Mayné’ (MRAC); Congo: 3°24∞S/20°31∞E. P: Congo: 2 ex., Yangambi, 0°47∞N/24°28∞E, November 1951, J. Decelle (MRAC); 1 ex., Yangambi (Stanleyville), 0°47∞N/24°28∞E, December 1958, P. Dessart (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1965-1966, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides jacksoni Freund & Wagner 2003
No full textBonesioides jacksoni (Bryant, 1953); comb. nov. Monolepta jacksoni Bryant, 1953: 864. Redescription Total length. 4.6–5.9 mm (mean: 5.17 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillarx palpus black, frons and vertex dark metallic blue. Antenna short, extending towards end of mesosternum (figure 44). Antennal articles short and broad, dark brown to black, first three articles paler. Antennal article 3 about 30% longer than antennal article 2 (figure 45), A2/A3: 0.64–0.70 (mean: 0.66); antennal article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.69–0.85 (mean: 0.75). Eyes small (figure 44), WE/DE: 0.43–0.65 (mean: 0.52). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue. PL: 0.8–1.0 mm (mean: 0.91 mm), PW: 1.4–1.9 mm (mean: 1.57 mm), PL/PW: 0.53–0.64 (mean: 0.58). EL: 3.5–4.6 mm (mean: 4.01 mm), EW: 2.2–2.9 mm (mean: 2.47 mm), EW/EL: 0.48–0.70 (mean: 0.62). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia more than twice as long as metatarsus (figure 44), TA/TI: 0.39–0.48 (mean: 0.42). Abdomen. Black. Male genitalia. Median lobe broad, nearly parallel-sided, narrowed in apical quarter only (figure 47). Orifice broad and nearly rectangular, tectum very short. Endophallus with broad base and two very long right-curved spiculae; base of spiculae large. Endophallic brush small, protruding apical part of ductus ejaculatorius long and not covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slender nodulus, homogeneously converging towards short and straight middle part; cornu long and strongly curved (figure 46). Distribution. Recorded only from southern Kenya (figure 48). Diagnosis. Bonesioides jacksoni is most similar to other metallic blue species of median size, like B. laevicollis, B. virens and B. montana sp. nov. (figures 30, 39, 75). It can be distinguished by the short and broad antennal articles, especially by the shape of article 4 (figure 45), which is much longer and more slender in B. laevicollis, B. virens and B. montana sp. nov. (figures 31, 40, 76; mean A3/A 4 in B. jacksoni is 0.75, in B. virens 0.55, in B. laevicollis 0.50, in B. montana sp. nov. 0.54). Species with similar-sized antenna, like B. laboissierei nom. nov., B. trispiculata sp. nov. and B. gambiae sp. nov. (figures 35, 55, 91) are smaller than B. jacksoni (mean total length in B. jacksoni is 5.17 mm, B. laboissierei nom. nov. 4.15 mm, B. trispiculata sp. nov. 4.34 mm, B. gambiae sp. nov. 4.24 mm). B. kirschi and B. montana sp. nov., the only species occur syntopically with B. jacksoni, can be distinguished by the median lobe. It is rather similar in B. jacksoni and B. kirschi, but the spiculae are right-curved in the first and left-curved in the latter species. B. montana sp. nov. has a unique and unmistakeable, very elongated and apically narrowed median lobe (figures 20, 47, 78). Type material H : W ‘ Monolepta jacksoni Bryant, Det. G. E. Brayant / Stony Athi, E. A. U., Nat: Hist: Soc: Biol: Survey, 5-40 / Pres. by Com. Inst. Ent., B.M. 1953-358 / Type H.T.’ (BMNH); Kenya: 1°35∞S/37°0∞E; examined. P : 8 ex., same data label as holotype (BMNH (6 ex.) / NMK (1 ex.) / NMNH (1 ex.)); 2 ex., same data label as holotype, ‘4-40’ (BMNH); examined. Other material examined Kenya: 96 ex., same data label as holotype, ‘4-40 (2 ex.) / 5-40 (30 ex.) / 6-40 (64 ex.)’ (NMK); 1 ex., Chyulu Hills, 2°41∞S/37°53∞E, 1900 m, June 1888 (BMNH); 1 ex., Nairobi Park, 1°22∞S/37°0∞ E, D. G. Furth (NMNH).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1944-1947, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides montana Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides montana sp. nov. Description Total length. 4.4–5.6 mm (mean: 5.24 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus black, frons and vertex dark metallic green or blue. Antenna black and long, extending towards distal third of elytra (figure 75). Antennal articles 2 and 3 short (figure 76), ratio article 2 to 3: 0.58–0.78 (mean: 0.68), antennal article 4 longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.52–0.60 (mean: 0.54). Eyes large (figure 75), WE/DE: 0.60–0.75 (mean: 0.68). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue or green. PL: 0.8–0.9 mm (mean: 0.86 mm), PW: 1.4–1.7 mm (mean: 1.60 mm), PL/PW: 0.47–0.59 (mean: 0.54). EL: 3.2–4.6 mm (mean: 4.19 mm), EW: 2.2–2.6 mm (mean: 2.41 mm), EW/EL: 0.51–0.75 (mean: 0.58). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia on average twice as long as metatarsus (figure 75), TA/TI: 0.45–0.52 (mean: 0.49). Abdomen. Black. Male genitalia. Median lobe very slender, parallel-sided from orifice towards tectum, apical third also nearly parallel-sided, but much more slender (figure 78). Orifice broad and nearly rectangular at base, tectum long and slender. Endophallus with two long, left-curved spiculae, which are large at base. Endophallic brush and apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius covered by tectum, only gonoporus slightly protruding. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slightly expanded nodulus, middle part short and nearly straight, cornu strongly hooked at apex (figure 77). Distribution. Recorded from montane regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania (figure 48). Diagnosis. Bonesioides montana sp. nov. is most similar to B. laevicollis and B. marcoi sp. nov. (figures 39, 71). B. montana sp. nov. has smaller eyes than those species (mean WE/DE: 0.68, but 0.72 in B. laevicollis and 0.78 in B. marcoi sp. nov.). Elytra in B. montana sp. nov. are nearly parallel-sided from humeri towards the apex (figure 75), while they are expanded apically in B. laevicollis and B. marcoi sp. nov. (figures 39, 71). Furthermore, these species can be distinguished by shape of the male genitalia. The median lobe of B. montana sp. nov. is very slender and parallel-sided from orifice towards the tectum, the apical third is strongly narrowed and also nearly parallel-sided (figure 78), while in B. laevicollis and B. marcoi sp. nov. the median lobe is homogeneously narrowed from orifice towards the apex and is much broader (figures 42, 74). B. laevicollis and B. marcoi sp. nov. mainly occur in the Congo Basin (figure 43), while B. montana sp. nov. is restricted to the montane regions of East Africa (figure 48). Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides montana / Bonesioides montana Freund & Wagner 2000 / Monolepta ruwensorica Bry., G. E. Bryant det. 1958 / Coll. Mus. Congo, Kenya: Timboroa, 2800 m, prairies découvertes, 10.-IV.-1957 / Mission Zoolog. I. R. S. A. C. en Afrique orientale, P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup’ (MRAC); Kenya: 0°4∞N/35°33∞E. P: Ethiopia: 3 ex., Illubabor, 7°27∞N/35°10∞E, 1600 m, June 1973, G. de Rougemont (MRAC); 2 ex., Shoa Prov., Wolisso, 8°28∞N/37°55∞E, June 1971, G. de Rougemont (MRAC); 1 ex. Arussi Galla, 7°0∞N/38°40∞E, May 1993, V. Bottego (ZMUH). Kenya: 1 ex., Mt Kenia, ca 0°20∞S/37°15∞E, December 1949, Patrizi (IRSNB); 1 ex., Mt Kenya, ca 0°20∞S/37°30∞E, August–October 1927, A. Insoll. (BMNH); 1 ex., Molo, 0°15∞S/35°45∞E, December 1911, Alluaud and Jeannel (MNHN); 2 ex., S. A. L. Kenya, Janaury 1959, J. E. Graham (BMNH). Tanzania: 3 ex., Mts Uluguru, morning side, Toelo, 7°0∞S/37°40∞E, 1450 m, June 1971; Mission Mts Uluguru, Berger, Leleup, Debecker (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1959-1960, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides laevicollis Freund & Wagner 2003
No full textBonesioides laevicollis (Laboissière, 1940); comb. nov. Barombiella laevicollis Laboissière, 1940: 87. Redescription Total length. 4.3–6.0 mm (mean: 5.26 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus, frons and vertex dark metallic blue. Antenna long and black, extending towards end of metasternum (figure 39). Antennal articles 2 and 3, rarely first three articles brown. Antennal article 3 very short, A2/A3: 0.64–1.00 (mean: 0.83), antennal article 4 longer than articles 2 and 3 combined (figure 40), A3/A4: 0.33–0.67 (mean: 0.50). Eyes large (figure 39), WE/DE: 0.60–0.83 (mean: 0.72). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark blue metallic. PL: 0.7–0.9 mm (mean: 0.85 mm), PW: 1.3–1.8 mm (mean: 1.58 mm), PL/PW: 0.51–0.58 (mean: 0.54). EL: 3.2–4.7 mm (mean: 4.06 mm), EW: 2.0–3.0 mm (mean: 2.41 mm), EW/EL: 0.53–0.65 (mean: 0.60). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, rarely dark brown; TA/TI: 0.45–0.49 (mean: 0.48). Abdomen. Dark brown to black. Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 42). Orifice nearly rectangular at base, tectum slender. Endophallus with broad base and two very long spiculae, which are stronger sclerotized at apex. Small endophallic brush and protruding apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius are not covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with insignificantly expanded nodulus, homogeneously converging to the small, strongly curved middle part and cornu (figure 41). Distribution. Distributed from Cameroon through the Congo Basin to Uganda and Tanzania (figure 43). Diagnosis. Bonesioides laevicollis is most similar to B. marcoi sp. nov., B. kamerunensis sp. nov. and to metallic blue specimens of B. virens (figures 30, 39, 67, 71). These species can be distinguished by the length of the third antennal article, which is nearly of same length as article 2 in B. laevicollis (figure 40), but is much longer in the other species (figures 31, 68, 72); mean A2/A 3 in B. laevicollis 0.83, in B. marcoi sp. nov. 0.58, in B. kamerunensis sp. nov. 0.51 and in B. virens 0.59; mean A3/A 4 in B. laevicollis 0.50, in B. marcoi sp. nov. 0.65, in B. kamerunensis sp. nov. 0.81 and in B. virens 0.55. The median lobe of B. laevicollis is much more slender and the spiculae are longer than in B. marcoi sp. nov., which has a much shorter and more slender tectum, a hooked base of the endophallus and much stronger protruding sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius (figures 42, 74). The spermatheca of B. laevicollis is smaller, the nodulus much more slender and less sclerotized than in B. marcoi sp. nov. (figures 41, 73). B. kamerunensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the brighter coloration of pronotum and elytra, which are also stronger microsculptured than in B. laevicollis. Type material H: W ‘ Barombiella laevicollis m, V. Laboissière—Det. / Musée du Congo, Rutshuru, May 1937, J. Ghesquiere, 4521 / Type laevicollis / Holotypus / Type / R. Det. A 3922’ (MRAC); Congo: 1°11∞S/29°27∞E; examined. P : 1 ex., same data as holotype, ‘ paratypus; R. Det: C 3636’ (MRAC); examined. Other material examined Cameroon: 1 ex., Ebolowa, 3°54∞N/ 11°54E, 700 m, April 1912, v. Rothkirch (MNHU); 5 ex., Johann-Albrechtshöhe, 4°37∞N/ 9°26E, February 1896 – April 1898, L. Conradt (MNHU); 1 ex., Manusquelle, Kamerunberg, 2300 m, February 1935, Dr F. Zump (MNHU). Congo: 1 ex., Bambesa, 3°28∞N/25°43∞E, January 1934, H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 2 ex., Bambesa, May–October 1938, J. Vrydagh (MRAC); 1 ex., Beni a Lesse, 0°29∞N/29°27∞E, July 1911, Dr Murtula (MRAC); 1 ex., Bokuma, 0°6∞S/18°42∞E, December 1951, Rev. P. Lootens (MRAC); 2 ex., Dingila, 3°39∞N/26°4∞E, July–August 1933, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); 1 ex., Eala, 0°4∞N/18°17∞E, January 1936, J. Ghesquiere (MRAC); 4 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40∞S/27°28∞E, November 1951 – February 1952 (1 ex.) / 1956–58 (3 ex.), a la lumiere, Ch. Seydel (MRAC); 1 ex., Ibembo, 2°38∞N/23°37∞E, June 1950, R. F. Hutsebaut (MRAC); 2 ex., Ilenge, 0°15∞S/20°35∞E, January 1918, R. Mayne (MRAC); 1 ex., Kalonge, 0°20∞N/29°48∞E, 2100–2480 m, August 1952, etage Bambous, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., Kunungu, 2°6∞S/16°26∞E, 1938, Schouteden (MRAC); 2 ex., Libenge, 3°39∞N/18°38∞E, November 1947 – January 1948, R. Cremer and M. Neumann (IRSNB); 1 ex., Lusembo et env., 1950, P. Hostie (MRAC); 1 ex., Mondombe, 0°54∞S/22°48∞E, October 1912, R. Mayne (MRAC); 2 ex., Mongbwalu, 1°57∞N/30°2∞E, March–May 1939, Mme A. Lepersonne (MRAC); 1 ex., Mt Hoyoy, 1°13∞N/29°49∞E, 1280 m, July 1955, sur plantes basses, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSNB); 1 ex., Nouvelle Anvers, 1°36∞N/19°7∞E, December 1952, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Rutshuru, 1285 m, July 1935, G. F. de Witte (IRSNB); 4 ex., Rwankwi, 1°20∞S/29°22∞E. April 1948 – February 1951, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); 1 ex., Semliki, 1°14∞N/30°28∞E, July 1957, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSNB); 1 ex., Stanleyville, 0°31∞N/25°11∞E, 1924, Lt J. Ghesquiere (MRAC); 1 ex., Yolo, June 1937, Buckinckx (MRAC). Tanzania: 1 ex., Kidugala, 9°34∞S/34°40∞E (IRSNB); 1 ex., Terr. Tanganyika, Mziha, 5°34∞S/37°47∞E, 400 m, I. R. S. A. C., April 1957, P. Basilewsky and N. Leleup (MRAC). Uganda: 7 ex., Masindi, Budongo Forest, 1°45∞N/31°35∞E, July 1995, Th. Wagner (ZFMK).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1942-1944, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides budongoensis Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Bonesioides budongoensis</i> sp. nov. <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p> <i>Total length</i>. 4.8–5.2 mm (mean: 5.08 mm).</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus black; frons and vertex dull metallic green or purple. Antenna black, short, extending towards end of metasternum (figure 49), first three antennal articles dark brown, rarely paler. Antennal article 3 about 30% longer than article 2 (figure 50), A2/A3: 0.64–0.70 (mean: 0.67); article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.60–0.77 (mean: 0.68). Eyes small, frons broad (figure 49), WE/DE: 0.56–0.58 (mean: 0.57).</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Pronotum and elytra dull metallic green or purple. PL: 0.7–0.8 mm (mean: 0.79), PW: 1.5–1.7 mm (mean: 1.60 mm), PL/PW: 0.47–0.52 (mean: 0.49). EL: 3.7–4.2 mm (mean: 3.99 mm), EW: 2.0– 2.3 mm (mean: 2.23 mm), EW/EL: 0.53–0.58 (mean: 0.56). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 49), TA/TI: 0.48–0.51 (mean: 0.50).</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Black.</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i>. Median lobe broad, parallel-sided from orifice towards tectum, than homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 52); orifice broad and ovate, tectum small and slender. Base of endophallus in lateral view strongly hooked (figure 52A); two small, curved spiculae in the middle of the endophallus. Apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius very long, extending towards apical quarter of median lobe and not covered by tectum.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia</i>. Spermatheca with expanded nodulus, middle part short, straight, cornu slightly curved, expanded in middle (figure 51).</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Distributed in montane regions of the Albertine Rift in Kivu, Rwanda and Uganda (figure 53).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. <i>Bonesioides budongoensis</i> sp. nov. is most similar in coloration and habitus to <i>B. virens</i> and <i>B. nitida</i> sp. nov. (figures 30, 49, 79), and most similar in male genitalia to <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. (figure 74), but the latter species can be distinguished by the colour of pronotum and elytra, which is metallic blue in <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov., and dull metallic green or purple in <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. Furthermore, the eyes in <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. are much larger than in <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. (figures 49, 71; mean WE/DE in <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. 0.78, <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. 0.57). The differentiation between the other species mentioned is also possible by coloration: <i>B. virens</i> is metallic green or purple, <i>B. nitida</i> sp. nov. very shining metallic green, while <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. is much duller. Furthermore, these species can be distinguished by the median lobe. In <i>B. nitida</i> sp. nov. it is much more slender, both spiculae are right-curved and the protruding apical part of the sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius is shorter than in <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov., where the apical part of the sclerotized ductus ejacolatorius is very long and the endophallus is strongly hooked at base (figures 52, 82). In <i>B. virens</i>, the base of the endophallus is not hooked and the protruding apical part of the sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius is very short (figure 33). The spiculae in <i>B. virens</i> are long and right-curved, in <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. short, one is left-curved, the other one right-curved.</p> <p> <i>Type material</i></p> <p> H: <i>W</i> ‘ Holotypus <i>Bonesioides budongoensis</i> / <i>Bonesioides budongoensis</i> Freund & Wagner 2000 / Coll. Mus. Congo, N. Lac Kivu: Rwankwi, XII.1951, J. V. Leroy’ (MRAC); Congo: 1°20∞S/29°22∞E. P: <b>Congo</b>: 1 ex., Kalonge, 0°20∞N/29°48∞E, July 1937, H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 2 ex., Kyandolire, 0°20∞S/29°5∞E, 1780 m, October 1952, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 2 ex., Rwankwi, 1°20∞S/29°22∞E, January 1944, J. V. Leroy; Récolté sur vieille souche Erythrina (MRAC); 1 ex., Rwankwi, March 1948, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); 33 ex., same data as holotype, November–December 1947 (2 ex.) / July–December 1951 (31 ex.), J. V. Leroy (MRAC). <b>Rwanda</b>: 1 ex., Muhavura, 1°23∞S/29°40∞E, 2100 m, January 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Forêt Rugege, 1°30∞S/29°20∞E, 2150 m, dans l’humus, April 1951, N. Leleup (MRAC). <b>Uganda</b>: 2 ex., Budongo Forest, Unyoro, 1°45∞N/31°35∞E, 3400 ft, December 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Bugoma Forest, Unyoro, 1°45∞N/31°35∞E, 3700 ft, December 1912, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Kibale Forest, 0°30∞N/30°25∞E, October 1983, M. Nummelin (NCHU); 2 ex., Mitiana, 0°10∞N/32°32∞E, 3800 ft, January 1912, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Mpanga Forest, Toro, 1°15∞N/31°6∞E, 4800 ft, November 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH).</p>Published as part of <i>Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16)</i> on pages 1947-1949, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5260403">http://zenodo.org/record/5260403</a>
Bonesioides kamerunensis Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides kamerunensis sp. nov. Description Total length. 4.8–5.8 mm (mean: 5.4 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus black, rarely with brown apex. Frons and vertex dull metallic blue. Antenna black, extending towards middle of elytra (figure 67). Antennal article 3 twice as long as article 2 (figure 68), A2/A3: 0.46–0.54 (mean: 0.51); antennal article 4 about 20% longer than article 3, A3/A4: 0.77–0.87 (mean: 0.81). Eyes small (figure 67), WE/DE: 0.54–0.65 (mean: 0.58). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dull metallic blue. PL: 0.7–0.9 mm (mean: 0.80 mm), PW: 1.5–1.7 mm (mean: 1.63 mm), PL/PW: 0.47–0.52 (mean: 0.49). EL: 3.7–4.6 mm (mean: 4.25 mm), EW: 2.2–2.8 mm (mean: 2.52 mm), EW/EL: 0.56–0.61 (mean: 0.59). Mesothorax and metathorax dull metallic blue, legs black with dark brown coxa. Metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 67), TA/TI: 0.50–0.54 (mean: 0.52). Abdomen. Dull metallic blue. Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 70). Orifice nearly rectangular, tectum slender and short. Endophallus with slender base and two long spiculae. Apical part of spiculae is more sclerotized than distal part. Endophallic brush small, protruding apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius long and not covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with insignificantly expanded nodulus, middle part nearly straight, cornu short and slightly curved (figure 69). Distribution. Recorded only from Cameroon (figure 43). Diagnosis. The only similar species, which occurs syntopically with Bonesioides kamerunensis sp. nov., is B. laevicollis. Both species can be distinguished by the brighter coloration of pronotum and elytra in B. kamerunensis sp. nov., which has also much stronger microsculptured elytra. The eyes in B. laevicollis are much larger than in B. kamerunensis sp. nov. (figures 39, 67; mean WE/DE in B. laevicollis 0.72, in B. kamerunensis sp. nov. 0.58). Furthermore, B. kamerunensis sp. nov. has longer antennal articles than B. laevicollis (figures 40, 68), where the second and third antennal article are nearly of same length, and article 4 is longer than articles 2 and 3 combined (mean A2/A 3 in B. kamerunensis sp. nov. 0.51, B. laevicollis 0.83; mean A3/A 4 in B. kamerunensis sp. nov. 0.81, B. laevicollis 0.50). Type material H : W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides kamerunensis / Kamerun, Soppo, February 1912, v. Rothkirch S. G. ’ (MNHU); Cameroon: 4°9∞N/9°17∞E. P : Cameroon: 8 ex., same data label as holotype (MNHU); 2 ex., Mt Cameroon, Jonga, 4°12∞N/9°11∞E, 5000 ft, among scrub, February 1932, M. Steele (BMNH); 2 ex., Kamerunberg, Musake, 4°10∞N/9°10∞E, 1400–1700 m, v. Rothkirch S. G. (MNHU); 1 ex., Neu-Kamerun, Tessmann (MNHU).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1955-1957, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides marcoi Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Bonesioides marcoi</i> sp. nov. <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p> <i>Total length</i>. 4.2–6.0 mm (mean: 4.93 mm).</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus black, frons and vertex dark metallic blue. Antenna black, antennal articles 2 and 3 brown; antenna extending towards end of metasternum (figure 71). Antennal article 3 nearly twice as long as antennal article 2 (figure 72), A2/A3: 0.55–0.60 (mean: 0.58); antennal article 4 nearly as long as articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.63–0.70 (mean: 0.65). Eyes large (figure 71), WE/DE: 0.67–0.90 (mean: 0.78).</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue. PL: 0.7–0.9 mm (mean: 0.81), PW: 1.2–1.8 mm (mean: 1.49 mm), PL/PW: 0.50–0.68 (mean: 0.55). EL: 3.2–4.8 mm (mean: 3.82 mm), EW: 2.0– 2.8 mm (mean: 2.25 mm), EW/EL: 0.57–0.63 (mean: 0.59). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia more than twice as long as metatarsus (figure 71), TA/TI: 0.45–0.52 (mean: 0.47).</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Black.</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i>. Median lobe broad, parallel-sided from orifice towards the tectum, then continuously narrowed apically (figure 74). Orifice broad and ovate, tectum small and slender. Base of endophallus in lateral view strongly hooked (figure 74A). Endophallus with two curved spiculae, covered by the tectum. Apical part of the sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius is very long, extending towards the apical quarter of the median lobe and is not covered by the tectum. Endophallic brush is close to the apex of the ductus ejaculatorius.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia</i>. Spermatheca with slightly expanded nodulus, middle part short, broad and nearly straight, cornu short, slender and slightly curved (figure 73).</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Recorded from Congo, Burundi and Uganda (figure 43).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. <i>Bonesioides marcoi</i> sp. nov. is most similar to <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. (figure 49). It can be distinguished by the metallic blue coloration, which is dull metallic green or purple in <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. Male genitalia of both species are not distinguishable (figures 52, 74). The most significant external parameter to distinguish both species is the size of the eyes. These are much larger in <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. than in <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. (figures 49, 71), and also larger than in <i>B. laevicollis</i> and in <i>B. virens</i> (figures 30, 39), which are further species similar to <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. (mean WE/DE in <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. 0.78, <i>B. virens</i> 0.60, <i>B. laevicollis</i> 0.71, <i>B. budongoensis</i> sp. nov. 0.57). The endophallic base of the median lobe in <i>B. marcoi</i> sp. nov. is strongly hooked and the protruding apical part of the sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius is very long (figure 74), while the endophallic base in <i>B. laevicollis</i> and in <i>B. virens</i> is straight and the protruding part of the sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius is much shorter (figures 33, 42).</p> <p> <i>Type material</i></p> <p> H: <i>W</i> ‘ Holotypus <i>Bonesioides marcoi</i> / <i>Bonesioides marcoi</i> Freund / Wagner 2000 / Coll. Mus. Congo, Stan.: Banguru / Bafwasende, 1952, Abbeloos’ (MRAC); Congo: 0°27∞N/27°17∞E. P: <b>Burundi</b>: 1 ex., Lac Tanganyka, Nyanza, 4°20∞S/29°36∞E, January 1933, L. Burgeon (MRAC). <b>Congo</b>: 1 ex., Babeyru, 1°52∞N/27°27∞E, August 1948, A. Dufrane (MRAC); 1 ex., Bambesa, 3°28∞N/25°43∞E, January 1939, J. Vrydagh (IRSNB); 1 ex., Beni a Lesse, 0°29∞N/29°27∞E, July 1911, Dr Murtula (MRAC); 1 ex., Bitale, 2°11∞S/28°36∞E, 1800 m, August 1952, R. Mayne (MRAC); 1 ex., Bokote, 0°5∞S/20°8∞E, December 1917, R. Mayne (MRAC); 1 ex., Bumbuli, 2°54∞S/20°4∞E, April 1915, R. Mayne (MRAC); 2 ex., Eala, 0°4∞N/18°17∞E, January–July 1936, J. Ghesquiere (MRAC); 1 ex., Eala, February 1917, R. Mayne (MRAC); 1 ex., Ikela, 0°4∞N/22°4∞E, November 1956, R. P. Lootens (MRAC); 1 ex., Ilenge, 0°25∞S/20°46∞E, Janauary 1918, R. Mayne (MRAC); 1 ex., Lisala, 2°9∞N/21°31∞E, December 1952, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Madyu, 2°54∞N/29°27∞E, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 2 ex., Mayumbe, 2°30∞N/27°37∞E, Janaury 1916 (1 ex.)/ July 1917 (1 ex.), R. Mayne (MRAC); 1 ex., Nioka, 2°10∞N/30°39’R, May 1954, J. Hecq (MRAC); 3 ex., Ongoka, 1°23∞S/26°2∞E, April–September 1953, J. Pantos (MRAC); 1 ex., Rutshuru, 1°11∞S/29°27∞E, Janaury 1937, J. Ghesquiere (MRAC); 1 ex., Yangambi, 0°47∞N/24°28∞E, June 1948, P. L. G. Benoit (MRAC); 1 ex., Yangambi, June–July 1952, R. Mayne (MRAC); 2 ex., Yangambi, Fauchage en foret, October–November 1951, J. Decelle (MRAC). <b>Uganda</b>: 2 ex., Ngowa, 1°2∞N/33°28∞E. November 1938 – April 1939, R. P. J. Mertens (IRSNB); 2 ex., Semuliki NP, 0°48∞N/30°9∞E, 670 m, February 1997, U. Göllner and Th. Wagner (MNHU, ZFMK).</p>Published as part of <i>Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16)</i> on pages 1957-1958, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5260403">http://zenodo.org/record/5260403</a>
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