1,799 research outputs found
The Iraqi Federation: Origin, Operation and Significance
No full textThe study is about federalism in Iraq. It examines Iraq as a federation not just as a post-conflict state, as much of the existing literature does. The thesis investigates the origin and formation of the Iraqi federation, as one of the new federal models, and analyses how the process of formation impacts on the operation of the Iraqi federal system. It argues that both the process of formation of the federal state and its operation are of crucial theoretical and empirical significance. The originality of this thesis lies in the fact that it is the first study to link this new federal model to classic federal theory as regards the origins and formation of federations, focusing on the new approach in the formation of federations and the deficiency of classic federal theory in general to explain the origins and formation of the new federal models of which Iraq is the most recent. This thesis considers the different approaches that have been taken by various theorists in the past and in particular bargain theory as put forward by William H. Riker. I argue that although in some respects Riker’s bargain theory can be applied to the formation of the Iraqi federation, in others it is deficient to explain it completely. New literature designed to expose the need to revise the classic federal theory, and the bargain theory in light of formation of the new federal models has only just begun to emerge. Therefore, this thesis contributes to the scholarship by updating and refining classic federal theory in general and the bargain theory in particular. Moreover, by drawing on elite interviews with contemporary political players in Iraq this thesis adds to our understanding of how one of the newest federal states operates in a practical sense. It concludes by looking at the empirical significance of the Iraqi federal model in the context of some comparative perspectives
The range and diversity of providers' viewpoints towards the Iraqi primary health care system: an exploration using Q-methodology.
No full textBACKGROUND: The increasingly recognized need for reorganizing the primary health care services in Iraq calls for a comprehensive assessment of the system to better understand its problems and needs for development. As part of such comprehensive assessment and due to the important role of primary health care providers in adopting any change, we ought to explore the range and diversity of viewpoints of primary health care providers towards the Iraqi primary health care system. METHODS: This explorative study was carried out in Erbil governorate, Iraq from May to July 2011. Data were collected from primary health care providers using Q-methodology to elicit subjective viewpoints and identify shared patterns among individuals. Forty primary health care providers representing eight primary health care centers sorted 41 statements reflecting different aspects of the Iraqi primary health care system into a distribution on a scale of nine from "disagree most" to "agree most". By-person factor analysis was used to derive latent viewpoints through centroid factor extraction and varimax rotation of factors. RESULTS: Analysis of the participants' Q-sorts resulted in four distinct viewpoints among primary health care providers toward the current primary health care system. One factor emphasized positive aspects of the current primary health care system that is content with the current primary health care system. The other three factors highlighted the negative aspects and they included (i) professionally-centered viewpoint, (ii) comprehensive perception and problem-based solutions and (iii) critical to leadership/governance aspects of the system. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed diverse viewpoints of primary health care providers toward the current Iraqi primary health care system and recognized the particular issues related to each viewpoint. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of health policy makers and primary health care managers concerning the problems facing the primary health care system that might contribute to change in the management of this system
Jama at Al-Ahali : its origin, ideology and role in Iraqi politics 1932-1946.
No full textThis thesis is a study of a political movement which has had a profound influence on the development of modern Iraqi politics The study has attempted to investigate the historical and ideological origins of Jama'at al-Ahali and Its political philosophy, to assess its role in Iraqi opposition politics and its contribution to the national movement as a whole This has involved a general survey of political and socio-economic developments in late nineteenth and twentieth century Iraq, as well as a more detailed discussion of events in the 1930s and 1940s Various aspects of the ideology of the group, and its reactions to the deficiencies of the prevailing political system have been related to the particular circumstances of the period The thesis has been divided into three parts Part I deals with the general background of Iraqi history until the beginning of the period of research, and the formation and ideological origins of Jama'at al-Ahali Part II deals more specifically with events in the 1930s and 1940s, while Part III deals with the role of Jama'at al-Ahali between 1932 and 1946 Thus Chapter II describes the political and socio-economic development of Iraq from the end of the nineteenth century until 1946, while Chapterni deals with the formation and nature of political parties in general, with special emphasis on the opposition bloc and the position and function of Jama'at al-Ahali within it. Chapter iv, which ends the first part, is divided into four sections The first describes the activities of the founders of the group, while still at school and university in Baghdad and Beirut, the second discusses the main ideological influences on the group, the third outlines its formal foundation and the publication of al-Ahali newspaper in January 1932,and the final section analyses the group's ideology, al-Sha'biyaPart II consists of Chapters V, VI and VII which set the scene for the 1930s and 1940s with special reference to various major events of the period These events affected either the political system as a whole, or involved Jama'at al-Ahali to a greater or lesser extent Finally, Part III, which is divided into four chronological Chapters (VIII - XI) followed by a Conclusion, traces the different stages in the development and activities of the group over the whole period
Political parties and social networks in Iraq, 1908-1920
No full textSakai, Kelko; Political Parties and Social Networks in Iraq, 1908-1920; submitted for M.A. in Faculty of Social Sciences. C.M.E.I.S.; 1994 This study is to analyze the principal patterns of proto-nationalism as they emerged in the anti-colonial movement in the first two decades of twentieth century. The earliest party political activities were based on notions of Arab separatism from the Ottoman Empire and on anti-Western attitudes on the part of some religious Shi'i. On the eve of the award of the mandate for Iraq to Britain, two major political parties were actively opposed to the British occupation, and this opposition found expression in the country-wide uprising in 1920.At this stage Iraqi nationalism, in the sense of both qawmiya and wataniya. was only at a very early stage of development. The popularity and breadth of the uprising was largely due to its being based on a combination of existing social networks, and the way in which it acted as a focus for proto-national and anti-colonial sentiments. Haras al-Istiqlal succeeded in mobilizing 'traditional society' and managed at least in part to overcome tribal, religious, sectarian and urban/ rural differences, especially with a support it attracted from Shi'i "ulama and sada'. al-'Ahd al-'Iraqi. on the other hand, originally established as an 'Arabist' society by former Ottoman officers, also tried to mobilize tribal society, mainly in northern Iraq, after becoming separated from its Syrian- based founders. This caused antagonisms between the organization’s headquarters in Damascus and tribal and other local political forces in Iraq. Both parties attempted to mobilize sentiments which can be described loosely as 'Iraqist'. Although the idea of Iraqi wataniya was still vague in 1920, this early expression of Iraqism as a proto-nationalist force has functioned as a source for reproduction and the imagining of Iraqi national identity
Gendering political reconstruction in Iraq
No full textThis paper evaluates current US policies towards political reconstruction in Iraq using a gendered lens in order to identify the impact upon women and gender relations. I will argue that, despite an apparent high-level political commitment to Iraqi women within the US administration, current policies towards Iraq are not helping to reduce gender inequalities. This is because US measures that are targeted at women alone do not consider women’s position within gender relations and, therefore, do little to address the question of gender relations. Certain US policies, such as de-Baathification and the establishment of governance mechanisms along sectarian/communal lines, have exacerbated trends that contribute to increasing gender inequalities, as well as helping to fuel the current violence. These trends bring into question Iraqi women’s ability to fully participate in the public sphere, despite many efforts by Iraqi women’s groups to protect and promote women’s rights in post-Ba‘th Iraq
Relations with Turkey as determinant of Iraqi Kurdistan economic security
No full textThe main goal of that paper is to look into economic security of Iraqi Kurdistan in context of its relations with Turkey. In order to achieve the aim, author firstly adequate explained to research below definitions of what is economic security. Next, it presents underlying conditions of economy of Iraqi Kurdistan. For further considerations very important roles are crises − humanitarian and economic, that is important ingredient, that can generate dangers for surroundings of Iraqi Kurdistan. Another factor was history of Iraqi Kurds and Turkey, with political and economic context. Before conclusion there is described challenges for Iraqi Kurdistan resulting from economic relationship with Turkey. Author conclude that the key aspects shaping the economic security of Iraqi Kurdistan are relations with Turkey which can be considered both − as a chance and a threat to Iraqi Kurdistan economic security
U.S. President George W. Bush talks about the purposes of Operation Iraqi Freedom
No full textPresident George W. Bush speaks to an audience of Marines and Marine families at Camp LeJeune, North Carolina. He calls Operation Iraqi Freedom a fierce struggle to protect the world from weapons of mass destruction and the misdeeds of Iraqi war criminals, who have put their own citizens at risk. Bush adds that the American armed forces have performed brilliantly, and that their mission will not be over until Iraq is free
U.S. President George W. Bush announces the beginning of Operation Iraqi Freedom
No full textPresident George W. Bush's addresses the nation from the Oval Office announcing that the first attacks against Iraq have begun. Bush says U.S. goals in "Operation Iraqi Freedom" are to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, free it's people and to maintain world peace. Bush calls Iraq a threat to U.S. interests and expresses a desire to establish a free nation for the Iraqi people. Bush declares that U.S. forces will leave Iraq as soon as the work is done
Historical inscriptions, containing principally the chronological prism, W-B. 444 / by S. Langdon.
No full textOxford editions of cuneiform texts; vol. 2.https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/iraqi-archaeology-digital-texts/1010/thumbnail.jp
Catalogue of the cuneiform tables in the Kouyunjik collection of the British Museum.
No full texthttps://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/iraqi-archaeology-digital-texts/1143/thumbnail.jp
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