1,751 research outputs found
Adherence to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia
No full textPoor adherence to therapy is one of the main obstacles to treatment effectiveness in schizophrenia. It is the main determinant of relapse, hospitalization, symptom persistence, and poor psychosocial functioning and outcome. Adherence to treatment is affected by various factors related to the disease characteristics, to the patient him- or herself, to the treatment, and to the therapeutic relationship. Some of these factors are modifiable, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been developed for this purpose. This book addresses the different aspects of adherence to treatment in schizophrenia and related disorders in a systematic but easy-to-use manual format. Chapters focus on a full range of issues, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to enhance adherence and continuity of care, relevant psychological factors, the importance of the patient-doctor relationship, and the need for an alliance with other care-givers. Adherence to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia will be an invaluable asset for all who are involved in the care of patients with schizophrenia
An Investigation of Clinical Trial Supply Chains
No full textThis dissertation investigates production and inventory decisions made within clinical trial supply chains in order to reduce drug supply costs. By investigating the SEC filings of public companies, we find that drug supply costs frequently account for a significant portion of pharmaceutical companies’ R&D spending. To unlock value tied up in clinical trial supply chains, three unique aspects of clinical trial supply chains are explored and associated supply chain decisions are optimized. The first unique factor that differentiates the supply chains for clinical trials is the risk of failure, meaning that the investigational drug is proven unsafe or ineffective during human testing. Upon failure, any unused inventory is essentially wasted and needs to be destroyed. We ex-plore the effect of this failure on production planning decisions and find the planner’s decision to be a balancing act between waste and destruction costs versus production inefficiency. To optimally achieve this balance, we generalize the Wagner-Whitin model (W-W model) to incorporate the risk of failure. A second unique aspect of clinical trials is that demand can go from being quite unpredictable to fully predictable during the course of a trial. To take advantage of this demand learning, intratrial batches ca
Feier anlässlich des 80. Geburtstages von Wilhelm Fleischhacker
No full textMitschnitt einer Veranstaltung am Donnerstag, dem 6. Oktober 2011 im Pharmaziezentrum der Universität Wien
Mit einem Festvortrag von Walter Kutschera: "Die Erforschung der Welt mit Hilfe der Isotopensprache"
Es sprechen Horst Seidler (Dekan der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften), Christian Noe (Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften), Christiane Körner (Österreichische Apothekerkammer), Gerhard Ecker (Österreichische Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft)
Moderation: Ernst Urban (Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften)
INHALT
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Kapitel Titel Position
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1. Vorspann 00:00:00
2. E. Urban: Begrüßung 00:00:18
3. H. Seidler: Laudatio 00:02:36
4. C. Noe: Laudatio 00:08:39
5. C. Körner: Geburtstagsgrüße der Apothekerkammer 00:15:54
6. G. Ecker: Grüße der Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft 00:23:30
7. W. Kutschera: Einleitung 00:28:15
8. W. Kutschera: Massenspektroskopie 00:38:22
9. W. Kutschera: VERA 00:53:02
10. W. Kutschera: Kosmische Strahlung und C14-Methode 01:07:53
11. W. Kutschera: C14 aus Atombombenversuchen 01:25:42
12. W. Kutschera: Superschwere Elemente 01:36:46
13. W. Fleischhacker: Danksagung 01:47:36
14. E. Urban: Schlusswort 01:51:2
Tic disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder: where is the link?
No full textOver the last years evidence on the overlap between tic-disorders (TD) and obsessive compulsive behavior/disorder (OCB/OCD) has increased. The main focus of research have been the phenomenological and epidemiological similarities and differences in samples of different age, primary diagnosis (TD vs. OCD) including the co-occurrence of both. Unfortunately, only a minority of studies included all three groups (TD, TD + OCD, OCD). Nevertheless, new insight concerning possible subtypes for both TD and OCD has been gained. While some authors concentrated on OCD with/without tics we will summarize the field of TD and OCB/OCD from the viewpoint of tics, since OCB plays an important role in patients with TD. Thereby we will not only sharpen the clinicans' awareness of known differences in phenomenology, epidemiology, genetics and neurobiology, aimed to improve their diagnoses and treatment but also highlight the gaps of knowledge and discuss possibilities for further research in this field
Tic disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder: where is the link?
No full textOver the last years evidence on the overlap between tic-disorders (TD) and obsessive compulsive behavior/disorder (OCB/OCD) has increased. The main focus of research have been the phenomenological and epidemiological similarities and differences in samples of different age, primary diagnosis (TD vs. OCD) including the co-occurrence of both. Unfortunately, only a minority of studies included all three groups (TD, TD + OCD, OCD). Nevertheless, new insight concerning possible subtypes for both TD and OCD has been gained. While some authors concentrated on OCD with/without tics we will summarize the field of TD and OCB/OCD from the viewpoint of tics, since OCB plays an important role in patients with TD. Thereby we will not only sharpen the clinicans' awareness of known differences in phenomenology, epidemiology, genetics and neurobiology, aimed to improve their diagnoses and treatment but also highlight the gaps of knowledge and discuss possibilities for further research in this field
Choice of antipsychotic treatment by European psychiatry trainees: are decisions based on evidence?
No full textBackground: Little is known about the factors influencing treatment choice in psychosis, the majority of this work being conducted with specialists (consultant) in psychiatry. We sought to examine trainees' choices of treatment for psychosis if they had to prescribe it for themselves, their patients, and factors influencing decision-making.
<p/>Methods: Cross-sectional, semi-structured questionnaire-based study.
<p/>Results: Of the 726 respondents (response rate = 66%), the majority chose second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) if they had to prescribe it for themselves (n = 530, 93%) or for their patients (n = 546, 94%). The main factor influencing choice was perceived efficacy, 84.8% (n = 475) of trainees stating this was the most important factor for the patient, and 77.8% (n = 404) stating this was the most important factor for their own treatment. Trainees with knowledge of trials questioning use of SGAs (CATIE, CUtLASS, TEOSS) were more likely to choose second-generation antipsychotics than those without knowledge of these trials (χ2 = 3.943; p = 0.047; O.R. = 2.11; 95% C.I. = 1.0-4.48). Regarding psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was the most popular choice for self (33.1%; n = 240) and patient (30.9%; n = 224). Trainees were significantly more likely to prefer some form of psychotherapy for themselves rather than patients (χ2 = 9.98; p < 0,002; O.R. = 1.54; 95% CIs = 1.18-2.0).
<p/>Conclusions: Trainees are more likely to choose second-generation antipsychotic medication for patients and themselves. Despite being aware of evidence that suggests otherwise, they predominantly base these choices on perceived efficacy
Placebo controls in clinical trials : concerns about use in relapse prevention studies in schizophrenia
No full textCITATION: Emsley, R., et al. 2016. Placebo controls in clinical trials : concerns about use in relapse prevention studies in schizophrenia. BMJ, 354:i4728, doi:10.1136/bmj.i4728.The original publication is available at http://www.bmj.comENGLISH SUMMARY : The use of placebos in clinical trials has major policy implications for ethical conduct across all of medicine and is relevant to clinicians, patients, drug development, and regulatory agencies. This article focuses on the use of placebos in relapse prevention studies in schizophrenia. However, the issues discussed are similar to those encountered in many other clinical trial situations. These include underestimating the risk of harm associated with trial participation, the risk of coercion, insufficient awareness of the risks by participants, and the risk of loss of trust between the patient and doctor. While the debate around using placebos in clinical trials of schizophrenia is long running, several developments make it imperative to readdress the topic. Firstly, new research has reported deleterious effects of relapse,1 challenging the previous assumption that relapse is not associated with a risk of lasting harm. Secondly, new questions have been raised about the need for maintenance treatment in schizophrenia.2 Thirdly, ethical standards have evolved, with reduced tolerance of exposure of participants to risk and greater respect of patient autonomy. Finally, and most importantly, recent publications from both the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration continue to encourage the use of placebos in schizophrenia trials.http://www.bmj.com/content/354/bmj.i4728Publisher's versio
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