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Hinckley Journal of Politics vol 8
No full textHINCKLEY JOURNAL OF POLITICS 2007 Volume 8 Copyright ? 1998 by the Hinckley Institute of Politics and the University of Utah HINCKLEY JOURNAL OF POLITICS 2007 EDITORIAL BOARD Director Assistant Director Editor Editor Managing Editor Faculty Advisors Kirk L. Jowers Jayne Nelson Cameron B. Diehl W. Brett Barrus Courtney McBeth Chandran Kukathas,Dept. of Political Science Pei-te Lien, Dept. of Political Science Susan Olson, Dept. of Political Science Matt Bradley, Honors Faculty, Dept. of English Jeff Adams Christina Coloroso Robert Costa Julie Engar Jessica Fawson Isha Gupta Phil Herbert Remington Johnson Cheryl Phipps Jake Reid Patrick Reimherr Matthew J. Smith Shawn Strong Emmaly Wiederholt University of Utah Print & Copy Services Publications Council, University of Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics Connie Powell Student Board Members Printing Funding Art Direction The Hinckley Journal of Politics is published annually by the Hinckley Institute of Politics for students, public officials, university officials, and the public. The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the University of Utah, the Hinckley Institute of Politics, the Publications Council, or the editorial board. Please direct your correspondence to the Journal Editors, Hinckley Institute of Politics, 260 South Central Campus Drive, Room 253, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, (801) 581-8501, or email: [email protected]. Look for the Hinckley Institute of Politics home page at: www.hinckley.utah.edu. HINCKLEY JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS OF POLITICS 2007, VOL. 8 A Word from the Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Editors\u27 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 About the Hinckley Institute of Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 In Memory of Dr. R.J. Snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Final Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 ARTICLES STUDENT PAPERS Warming Up to Credit Freeze Laws: The Case of Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W. Brett Barrus . . . . . . .7 Improving America\u27s Communities: Policy Proposals that Increase Civic Engagement and Improve America\u27s Built Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bartly Matthews . . . . . .19 Rhetoric: How Politicians Manipulate Language and the Media To Shape Public Thought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Elspeth Gustavson . . . . . .29 Quantifying the Impact of Partisan Gerrymandering: Uncompetitive, Unresponsive, and Unaccountable American Democracy . . . . . . . . .Bryson Morgan . . . . . .35 The Ephemeral Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: Its Formation, Failure and Future Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Matt Homer . . . . . .45 Women in Kuwait: The Struggle for Political Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .KaLyn Davis . . . . . .53 Stamping Out Icons: A Legal Analysis on How to Legislate Against Virtual Child Pornography Without Trampling Over the First Amendment . . . . . . . . .Paul T. Baker . . . . . .59 PUBLIC OFFICIALS\u27 CONTRIBUTIONS Sales Tax and Land Use: Are Utah Cities Being "Driven to the Mall?" . . . . . . .Senator Gregory Bell . . . . . .69 Voices from the Classroom: The Effect of Class Size On Teaching and Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Representative Carol Spackman Moss . . . . . .77 iProvo: A Telecommunications Success Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Provo Mayor Lewis Billings . . . . . .81 iii A WORD FROM THE DIRECTOR A s the director of the Hinckley Institute of Politics, it is my pleasure to introduce the 2007 Hinckley Journal of Politics. Continuing in the outstanding academic tradition of the Hinckley Journal, this year\u27s edition represents quality research on issues relevant to Utah, our nation, and the world. Topics range from statewide education initiatives and toxic waste management to federal healthcare mandates and feminism in the Middle East. Each article comes from bright and dedicated students seeking to both expand their own knowledge while simultaneously provide substantive research and analysis in their field. In addition to student contributions to the Journal, we are grateful for and enlightened by articles submitted by Provo Mayor Lewis Billings, Senator Gregory Bell and Representative Carol Spackman Moss. This fantastic compilation could not have come to fruition without the diligent work of its 2007 co-editors Cameron Diehl and W. Brett Barrus. Additionally, the tireless effort of the Managing Editor Courtney McBeth, our Faculty Advisors, Student Board Members, and Hinckley Institute staff was pivotal in making this year\u27s Journal possible. Through the various opportunities offered through the Hinckley Institute of Politics, University of Utah students are able to apply the theories and concepts they learn in the classroom to real world experiences. To date, the Hinckley Institute has placed and supported over 4,000 interns in political offices throughout the State of Utah, in Washington D.C., and at a host of international locations. Interns are required to complete a research paper based on the issues pertinent to their internships and, therefore, reflect practical ideas and conclusions about some of today\u27s most pressing issues. The Journal represents some of the best and most compelling of these papers. We still mourn the loss of R.J. Snow a great friend and mentor. The Journal reflects R.J.\u27s life-long pursuit of helping students put serious academic study to practical effect and then to memorialize those experiences through thoughtful research and writing. It is an honor to dedicate this Journal to our beloved R.J. Snow. Sincerely, Kirk L. Jowers Director, Hinckley Institute of Politics 1 EDITORS\u27 NOTES HINCKLEY JOURNAL OF POLITICS\u27 MISSION STATEMENT The Hinckley Journal of Politics strives to publish scholarly papers of exceptional caliber, promoting the intellectual talents and knowledge of University of Utah undergraduate students. Contributing articles should address pertinent issues by illuminating key problems and potential solutions, adhering to the highest standards of political research and analysis. The Journal seeks to cover issues ranging from local to international political concerns, embracing diverse perspectives and a variety of analytical approaches. With this publication, the Hinckley Institute hopes to encourage reader involvement in the intriguing world of politics. GENERAL COMMENTS It has been an honor to serve as editors for the 2007 edition of the Hinckley Journal of Politics. We thank the student authors and the public officials who have contributed to this year\u27s Journal for their hard work. The Journal is one of many wonderful opportunities the Hinckley Institute provides for undergraduate students. We are indeed appreciative of the generosity of the Hinckley family for their vision of the need for student involvement in practical politics and the principle of citizen involvement in government. We thank the Hinckley staff for their dedication to students. We also commend the student authors for their involvement in the political process, whether it is serving an internship, working on a campaign, or studying politics. We hope you will find the articles within the Journal thought-provoking and timely. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors of the Hinckley Journal of Politics wish to thank: ? This year\u27s published authors, for their hard work and excellent writings in politics. ? This year\u27s contributing public officials: Utah State Representative Carol Spackman Moss, Utah State Senator Gregory Bell and Provo City Mayor Lewis Billings for their continued efforts in representing the people of Utah and for their support of the Hinckley Institute of Politics. ? This year\u27s Editorial Board members, for reviewing and making the final selection of papers for publication, and for distributing the weight of the load required in putting together this publication. ? This year\u27s Faculty Advisors, Chandran Kukathas, Pei-te Lien, Susan Olson and Matt Bradley for their work in reviewing and editing the published student papers. ? Robert H. Hinckley and the Hinckley family. Because of Mr. Hinckley\u27s vision and the support of his family, many students at the University of Utah have been given the opportunity to gain a greater respect and love for politics and of our system of government. ? All of the students who submitted papers for publication. ? The many people who have given their support to the Hinckley Institute of Politics. ? Hinckley Institute of Politics Managing Editor Courtney McBeth and Hinckley Institute Staff. 2 EDITORS\u27 NOTES GENERAL SUBMISSION GUIDELINES The Hinckley Journal of Politics welcomes submissions from University of Utah undergraduate students of any discipline, members of the faculty, and Utah\u27s public officials of any capacity. Any political science-related topic is acceptable. The scope can range from university issues to international issues. Papers must adhere to the following submission guidelines to be considered for publication. 5. STYLE GUIDELINES: Papers must adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) for intext citations, referencing, and submission/publication format. A style guideline is available at the Hinckley Institute of Politics or online at the Hinckley Institute of Politics website under Publications. 6. REVIEW AND NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES: SUBMISSION GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS 1. SUBMISSION COPIES: Authors must submit one hard copy of their paper. The editors kindly request that authors submit a maximum of three papers for consideration each year. Submissions will be reviewed by the Journal editors, members of the editorial board, and faculty advisors. Submission of a paper does not guarantee publication. Papers that do not adhere to submission and style guidelines will not be considered for publication. Acceptance to the Journal is competitive. The editors will notify potential authors when the decision has been made as to which papers have been selected for publication. 2. SUBMISSION COVER PAGE: The first page of the paper should include the author\u27s name, email, telephone number, and full address; the title of the paper; and an abstract of the paper approximately 150 words in length. SUBMISSION GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS: The Journal will consider for publication essays written by national, state, and local public officials. For paper guidelines, public officials may contact the Journal editors. CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE SENT TO: University of Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics 260 South Central Campus Drive Room 253 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9151 Phone: (801) 581-8501 Fax: (801) 581-6277 Email: [email protected] 3. PAPER LENGTH: Papers should be between 10 and 35 pages in length. 4. PAPER FORMAT: Papers should be formatted as follows: ? Double-spaced (exceptions: tables and charts). ? Number all pages in the upper right-hand corner of each page except the first page. ? Use single column format with 1" margins on the top, bottom, left, and right. ? Print on one side of the paper. ? Use 12 point Times New Roman font. ? The author\u27s name should appear on the cover page only and not on any subsequent pages. 3 ABOUT THE HINCKLEY INSTITUTE OF POLITICS ROBERT H. HINCKLEY A man of vision and foresight, a 20th century pioneer, a philanthropist, an entrepreneur, and an untiring builder of education and of the American political system--all are apt descriptions of Robert H. Hinckley, a Utah native and tireless public servant. Robert H. Hinckley began his political career as a state legislator from Sanpete County and a mayor of Mount Pleasant. Hinckley then rose to serve as the Utah director for the New Deal program under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Hinckley went on to serve in various capacities in Washington, D.C., from 1938 to 1946 and again in 1948. During those years he established and directed the Civilian Pilot Training Program, served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Air, and directed the Office of Contract Settlement after WWII. In these positions Hinckley proved himself to be, as one of his colleagues stated, "One of the real heroes of the Second World War." Also in 1946, Hinckley and Edward Noble jointly founded the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and over the next two decades helped to build this company into the major television network it is today. Spurred by the adverse political climate of the `40s, `50s, and `60s, Hinckley recognized the need to demonstrate that politics was "honorable, decent and necessary," and to encourage young people to get involved in the political process. After viewing programs at Harvard, Rutgers and the University of Mississippi, Hinckley believed the time was right for an institute of politics at the University of Utah. So in 1965, through a major contribution of his own and a generous bequest from the Noble Foundation, Robert H. Hinckley established the Hinckley Institute of Politics to promote respect for practical politics and to teach the principle of citizen involvement in government. "Every student a politician" was Hinckley\u27s dream. The Hinckley Institute of Politics strives to fulfill that dream by sponsoring internships, scholarships, forums, mentoring and a minor in Campaign Management. Today, 42 years later, Hinckley\u27s dream is a reality. More than 4,000 students have participated in programs he made possible through the Hinckley Institute of Politics. Many of these students have gone on to serve as legislators, members of Congress, government staffers, local officials, and judges. All participants have, in some measure, become informed, active citizens. Reflecting on all of his accomplishments, Robert H. Hinckley said, "The Hinckley Institute is one of the most important things I will have ever done." 4 ABOUT THE HINCKLEY INSTITUTE OF POLITICS HINCKLEY INSTITUTE OF POLITICS UNIVERSITY OF UTAH The Hinckley Institute of Politics at the University of Utah is a bipartisan institute dedicated to engaging students in governmental, civic, and political processes; promoting a better understanding and appreciation of politics; and training ethical and visionary students for service in the American political system. Robert H. Hinckley founded the Hinckley Institute of Politics in 1965 with the vision to, "teach students respect for practical politics and the principle of citizen involvement in government." Since it\u27s founding, the Hinckley Institute has provided a wide range of programs for students, public school teachers and the general public including: internships, courses, forums, scholarships and mentoring. The Hinckley Institute places emphasis on providing opportunities for practical experience in politics. INTERNSHIP PROGRAM A nationally recognized program and the heart of the Hinckley Institute, the Hinckley internship program provides internship scholarships and places over 200 students every year in political and government offices, non-profit organizations, campaigns, and think tanks. The Institute provides internship opportunities to students from all majors for academic credit in Washington, D.C., at the Utah State Legislature, in local offices and campaigns, and internationally. CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT MINOR The Hinckley Institute of Politics offers an undergraduate minor in Campaign Management designed to provide undergraduate students the opportunity to learn the theory and practices that will allow them to be effective participants in election and advocacy campaigns. Students are required to complete a political internship and an interdisciplinary series of courses in areas such as campaign management; interest groups and lobbying; voting, elections and public opinion; media; and other practical politics. PUBLIC FORUMS AND EVENTS The Hinckley Institute hosts weekly Hinckley Forums where political speakers address public audiences in the Hinckley Caucus Room. Hinckley Forums enable students, faculty, and community members to discuss a broad range of political concepts with local, national, and international politicians, ambassadors, activists, and academics. The Institute also co-hosts national conferences on campaign finance. Past guests include Presidents Bill Clinton and Gerald Ford; Senators Orrin Hatch, John McCain, and Harry Reid; Utah Governor Michael Leavitt; and many other notable politicians and professionals. The speeches are broadcast on KUER 90.1 FM radio and KUED TV. SCHOLARSHIPS AND LOANS The Hinckley Institute provides substantial financial aid to students through the Robert H. Hinckley, Abrelia Clarissa Hinckley, Anne and John Hinckley, Senator Pete Suazo, and Scott M. Matheson scholarship funds. The Hinckley Institute is also the University of Utah representative for the Harry S. Truman Congressional Scholarship and the James Madison Fellowship--two of America\u27s most prestigious scholarships. HUNTSMAN SEMINAR FOR TEACHERS The Huntsman Seminar in Constitutional Government for Teachers is a week long seminar sponsored by the Huntsman Corporation. The primary focus of the seminar is to improve the quality of civic education in Utah schools by bringing Utah educators together with political experts and visiting politicians to discuss current events in Utah and American politics. The Huntsman Seminar is truly a unique opportunity for teachers to gain an in-depth understanding of local and national political issues. The Hinckley Institute of Politics is located in 253 OSH For Further Information call (801) 581-8501 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE The Department of Political Science values its relationship with the Hinckley Institute for the opportunities the Institute provides students to enrich their academic studies with experience in practical politics. The Institute\u27s programs complement the academic offerings of the Political Science Department. Courses are available in five subfields of the discipline: American Politics, International Relations, Comparative Politics, Political Theory, and Public Administration. For undergraduate students, the Department offers a major with B.A. and B.S. degrees and a teaching minor. Undergraduate certificate programs in International Relations, Public Administration, and Practical Politics are open to both majors and non-majors. At the graduate level, the Department offers M.A. and M.S. degrees, including the Master of Public Administration, Master of Public Policy, and the Ph.D. degree. Dual degrees are available at the graduate level with Educational Administration, Law, Social Work, and Health Services Administration. The Department has several undergraduate scholarships, both need-based and merit-based available to entering freshmen and continuing students. The Political Science SAC (Student Advisory Committee) and Pi Sigma Alpha honorary society provide opportunities for students to get involved in departmental activities. If you have questions about the Department and its programs, contact the office at 252 Orson Spencer Hall, 581-7031. 5 IN MEMORY OF DR. R.J. SNOW (1937-2006) The Hinckley Institute joins thousands of former colleagues, students and interns in mourning the loss of Dr. R.J. Snow, the second director of the Hinckley Institute of Politics, serving from 1975 to 1985. R.J. was an extraordinary scholar and administrator and a mentor, friend and example to many. While his loss is painful and we will miss him dearly, he leaves a lasting legacy of love for our country and unmatched devotion to students and higher education. THE LEGACY OF R.J. SNOW "The people who leave the most lasting legacies are often those who don\u27t worry about such things while they\u27re alive. Such seems to be the case with R.J. Snow, the former University of Utah and Brigham Young University vice president who died on Tuesday in an automobile accident near his home. Snow, 68, was just preparing to teach his final political science course this summer before retiring. At a time when nerves in the state and nation are strained and tensions are often pulled taut, the loss of R.J. Snow is like the loss of a great athlete during crunch time. He was taken at a crucial moment. He was at the top of his game. Still, given all that, one hopes the life he lived will now resonate even stronger; that those who are left to grapple with the problems of politics, education and society will find his memory and meaningful example -- his legacy -- calling forth in themselves R.J. Snow\u27s hallmark decency and civility." Deseret Morning News, June 9, 2006. HINCKLEY INSTITUTE DIRECTORS REMEMBER THEIR COLLEAGUE AND FRIEND Hinckley Institute Director Kirk L. Jowers: "R.J. was a great mentor, friend, and example. The love he showed for the students and for our country has been his lasting legacy at the Hinckley Institute. I join thousands of former students and interns in mourning his passing." Hinckley Institute Director Ted Wilson: "He had a wonderful way about him. He would try to put salve on the wounds and balm on the situations to make the world better. He was very low key but very smart. He just really loved people." Hinckley Institut
