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American War Posters
No full textIllustration in orange and black tones. A hand uses a knife to cut a loaf of bread
Bruce F. Powers Interview (MORS)
No full textInterviewers: Garrambone, Michael W.; Sheldon, Robert S. Interview location(s): Lake Barcroft, Virgini
A Note on Sums of Powers
No full textWe improve a result of Bennett concerning certain sequences involving sums of powers
of positive integers
Paul and the powers in relation to Christ's supremacy:: re-visiting the Pauline concept of "supernatural powers" from an African worldview perspective.
No full textThe Pauline concept of "supernatural powers" underlines the supremacy of Christ over "supernatural powers". They were created in him, through him and for him (Col 1: 16-20). Christ's death was not only their defeat, but also their humiliation (Col 2: 15). Christ's resurrection and exaltation clearly speaks of his supremacy (Eph 1: 20f; Phil 2: 9-11). Christ is also supreme since "supernatural powers" cannot separate believers from the love of God (Rom 8: 38f) or thwart the existence of the church, through which the manifold wisdom of God is made known to them (Eph 3: 10). Paul's teachings about the "powers" in relation to Christ's supremacy do not seem to have had much sway in the African context. This happens due to two opposite but related errors: that of believing "supernatural powers" exist and allowing them to determine human existence and that of denying they exist. Yet the Pauline concept neither denies the existence of "supernatural powers" nor allows them to be given allegiance or worship as if they are equal to Christ. Due to these two errors, which also represent the missionary legacy and the African response to it, most African believers hold a dual religious heritage that causes pastoral problems for the African church. Rather than engaging the dual religious heritage, most of the studies on "supernatural powers" seem to have complicated it. The trend among anthropologists has been to deny that "supernatural powers" exists and/or to reduce them to psychological or social or political or religious functions. Several biblical scholars, who deal with "supernatural powers" from the perspective of myth, maintain that "supernatural powers" were marginal in Paul's thinking and irrelevant for modern Christians. They maintain that Paul demythologised "supernatural powers" so as to refer to existential realities such as sin and death or to the structures of human existence. As a result, most of the anthropological and biblical treatises on "supernatural powers" do not seem to engage the full measure of the African beliefs in "supernatural powers". This is largely because their interpretations of "supernatural powers" are shaped by the Western worldview and are mainly from a Western worldview perspective. But the interpretation of reality as people perceives it is usually shaped by their worldview. For that reason, it is vital to re-visit the Pauline concept of "supernatural powers" from an African worldview perspective, taking into consideration that Paul initially spoke to a context similar to the African context with regard to the beliefs in, and fear of "supernatural powers"
Sums of Powers and Majorization
No full textWe study certain sequences involving sums of powers of positive integers and in connection
with this, we give examples to show that power majorization does not imply majorization
Empire, Hegemony, and Leadership: Developing a Research Framework for the Study of Regional Powers
No full textRegional powers are often conceived of as “regional leading powers,” states which adopt a cooperative and benevolent attitude in their international relations with their neighbors. The paper argues that regional powers can follow a much wider range of foreign policy strategies in their region. Three ideal-typical regional strategies are identified: empire, hegemony, and leadership. The paper is devoted to a theory-led distinction and clarification of these three terms, which are often used interchangeably in the field of international relations. According to the goals pursued, to the means employed, and to other discriminating features such as the degree of legitimation and the type of self-representation by the dominant state, the paper outlines the essential traits of imperial, hegemonic, and leading strategies and identifies subtypes for better classifying hegemony and leadership.regional powers, empire, hegemony, leadership, strategy
Rising Powers and State Transformation: The Case of China
No full textThis article draws attention to the transformation of statehood under globalisation as a crucial dynamic shaping the emergence and conduct of ‘rising powers’. That states are becoming increasingly fragmented, decentralised and internationalised is noted by some international political economy and global governance scholars, but is neglected in International Relations treatments of rising powers. This article critiques this neglect, demonstrating the importance of state transformation in understanding emerging powers’ foreign and security policies, and their attempts to manage their increasingly transnational interests by promoting state transformation elsewhere, particularly in their near-abroad. It demonstrates the argument using the case of China, typically understood as a classical ‘Westphalian’ state. In reality, the Chinese state’s substantial disaggregation profoundly shapes its external conduct in overseas development assistance and conflict zones like the South China Sea, and in its promotion of extraterritorial governance arrangements in spaces like the Greater Mekong Subregion
On the Economics of Regional Powers: Comparing China, India, Brazil, and South Africa
No full textAs the conception of and debates on regional powers have been led by political science, this pa-per aims to contribute to the discussion from an economics perspective. Based on the discussion of different concepts of economic power—such as those of Schumpeter, Perroux, Predöhl, or Kindleberger—concepts of technological leadership, and the global value chain approaches, the paper develops a research framework for the economics of regional powers. This framework is then tested using descriptive statistics as well as regressions analysis, with a focus on the four regional powers Brazil, China, India, and South Africa. As economic power is relational, the re-lationship of regional powers to other nations in the region is analyzed. According to the findings, only limited statements on the economics of regional powers are possible: a regional power can be described as an economy with a relatively large population and land area which plays a dominant role in trade within the region and in the regional governance. The regional power develops its technological capacities, and its businesses act regionally and globally with increasing strength.Brazil, China, economic geography, economic leadership, economic power, growth, India, investment, public goods, regional powers, regression analysis, South Africa, technological change, value chain, trade.
How to Measure Group Selection in Real-world Populations
No full textMultilevel selection and the evolution of cooperation are fundamental to the formation of higher-level organisation and the evolution of biocomplexity, but such notions are controversial and poorly understood in natural populations. The theoretic principles of group selection are well developed in idealised models where a population is neatly divided into multiple semi-isolated sub-populations. But since such models can be explained by individual selection given the localised frequency-dependent effects involved, some argue that the group selection concepts offered are, even in the idealised case, redundant and that in natural conditions where groups are not well-defined that a group selection framework is entirely inapplicable. This does not necessarily mean, however, that a natural population is not subject to some interesting localised frequency-dependent effects – but how could we formally quantify this under realistic conditions? Here we focus on the presence of a Simpson’s Paradox where, although the local proportion of cooperators decreases at all locations, the global proportion of cooperators increases. We illustrate this principle in a simple individual-based model of bacterial biofilm growth and discuss various complicating factors in moving from theory to practice of measuring group selection
The Evolution of Reciprocity, Trust, and the Separation of Powers
No full textThis dissertation is composed of three self-contained essays on strategic interactions under incomplete contracting. Chapter 1 considers the evolution of reciprocal preferences in a setting where individuals live in separate groups. Chapter 2 analyzes the costs and benefits of a separation of powers in an incomplete contracts framework. Chapter 3 finally shows that, even when important parts of a relationship could be arranged perfectly by a complete contract, contractual incompleteness can arise endogenously if the proposal of a complete contract is perceived as a signal of distrust.Evolution of Reciprocity; Trust; Incomplete Contracts; Separation of Powers
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