1,721,025 research outputs found
Una valutazione degli effetti della legge Sirchia sull’attitudine al fumo degli italiani
No full textIl presente rapporto analizza l’impatto dell’interdizione al fumo introdotta
a gennaio 2005 (la cosiddetta «Legge Sirchia») sulla propensione a fumare
degli italiani. L’evidenza empirica esistente supporta l’ipotesi che
la propensione a fumare e il numero di sigarette fumate dagli italiani si
siano ridotte dopo l’introduzione del divieto. Questo risultato è tuttavia
in contrasto con quanto trovato in altri paesi europei.
Dalla nostra analisi emerge che l’apparente successo della legge Sirchia
mostrato negli studi esistenti deriva dal fatto di non aver tenuto in conto
le differenze stagionali nel consumo di sigarette. Usando i dati trimestrali
ottenuti dall’Indagine Multiscopo Condizioni di salute e ricorso ai servizi
sanitari per gli anni 1999-2000 e 2004-2005 e adottando un approccio
delle differenze nelle differenze che permette di depurare le variazioni
mensili nel consumo di sigarette dalla componente stagionale mostriamo
che la proibizione al fumo nei luoghi pubblici e di lavoro non ha avuto in
generale alcun impatto sull’attitudine al fumo degli italiani e solo effetti di
lieve entità per alcuni sottogruppi della popolazione
Joint custody law and mothers' labor market outcomes: evidence from the USA
No full textThis paper studies the economic implications for mothers of the changes
in child custody law from maternal preference to joint custody using the 1960–2000
Census Public Use Micro Sample (IPUMS). Variation in the timing of the joint custody
reform across states provides a natural experimental framework to study the
causal effect of shared custody on mothers’ economic outcomes. The results show
that only single mothers experience a decrease in earnings as a consequence of the
adoption of the joint custody law, exposing them to a higher risk of poverty. The
paper discusses a possible explanation for these findings, namely that the higher child
support payment the mother receives from the non-custodial father in case of joint
custody might discourage her from looking for high paid jobs or investing in her
career
The effect of availability and distance from school on children‘s time allocation in Ghana
No full textIn this paper we present evidence on the impact of distance to school and school availability
on households’ decisions concerning time allocation of primary-age children between work, schooling,
and household chores activities using data from the Ghana Living Standard Survey 1998–99. Our results
indicate that the increased and eased access to school has a well-defined impact on children’s time use.
In particular, reducing the distance to primary school encourages children school attendance and
reduces children work. Interestingly, the distance to middle school discourages children’s work and
boosts household chores activities. Moreover, the availability of both primary and middle schools has a
positive effect on schooling decisions, and having a primary school nearby discourages household chores
activity. Our results are robust to controlling for the endogeneity of school placement and per capita
expenditures. We also find that household decisions about children’s time use differ by children’s sex,
suggesting that girls may be differently responsive to policy measures aimed at reducing work and
household chores activities and at increasing their school attendance
Joint Custody in the Italian Courts
No full textWe study the effect of a 2006 reform to Italian family law that made joint custody the default for
separating couples. The reform boosted joint legal custody by about 75 percentage points. Our research
design uses difference-in-differences to estimate reform effects on the likelihood of a contested
settlement, length of trial and transfers between separating parents. The analysis is based on Italian
individual-level administrative data, which cover the entire population. The joint custody default appears to
have increased dispute rates and length of trial markedly, without affecting transfers. There is no evidence
that mothers buy custody rights back through reduced support. Our findings are consistent with the
excessive discretion given to the judges on some aspects of the law implementation, which resulted in a
partial application of the reform
Smoking behaviour and individual well-being: a fresh look at the effects of the 2005 public smoking ban in Italy
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of the public smoking ban which came into effect in Italy in January 2005 on individual smoking behaviour. Current empirical evidence supports the existence of a negative effect of the Italian ban on smoking prevalence and consumption in the general population. Our analysis shows that the apparent success of the ban is due to the fact that existing results do not take into account seasonal differences in smoking behaviour. Using quarterly data from the 1999/2000 and 2004/2005 Italian Health Surveys and adopting a difference-in-difference approach that nets out monthly variation in smoking rates, we show that the Italian smoking ban had no impact on smoking behaviour for the population as a whole but only on some subgroups. This result notwithstanding, we find that the smoking ban increased the overall well-being of non-smokers
- …
