3,125 research outputs found
Nicolini da Sabbio, Stefano
No full textVoce bio-bibliografica dedicata a Stefano Nicolini da Sabbio in "Dizionario degli editori, tipografi, librai itineranti in Italia tra Quattrocento e Seicento" coordinato da Marco Santoro ; a cura di Rosa Marisa Borraccini, Giuseppe Lipari, Carmela Reale, Marco Santoro, Giancarlo Volpat
A fresh view on string orbifolds
No full textIn quantum field theory, an orbifold is a way to obtain a new theory from an
old one by gauging a finite global symmetry. This definition of orbifold does
not make sense for quantum gravity theories, that admit (conjecturally) no
global symmetries. In string theory, the orbifold procedure involves the
gauging of a global symmetry on the world-sheet theory describing the
fundamental string. Alternatively, it is a way to obtain a new string
background from an old one by quotienting some isometry. We propose a new
formulation of string orbifolds in terms of the group of gauge symmetries of a
given string model. In such a formulation, the `parent' and the `child'
theories correspond to different ways of breaking or gauging all potential
global symmetries of their common subsector. Through a couple of simple
examples, we describe how the higher group structure of the gauge group in the
parent theory plays a crucial role in determining the gauge group and the
twisted sector of the orbifold theory. We also discuss the dependence of this
orbifold procedure on the duality frame.Comment: 57 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor changes, references added; v3: revised
abstract and introduction, typos corrected, references added, version
accepted for publicatio
Diabetes and Disability, Cognitive Decline, and Aging-Related Outcomes
No full textAbstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus rises steeply with age. As a result of the ongoing demographic transition and aging of the overall population, in Western countries older people account for more than one-third of the adult population with diabetes. In the past few years epidemiologic and clinical studies have consistently associated diabetes with numerous clinical outcomes that are typical of the oldest population, outcomes that are referred to as geriatric syndromes. These conditions, of which physical and cognitive impairment, falls, and depression are among the most common, are increasingly affecting the older diabetic population and already represent a looming sword of Damocles for patients and health care systems in term of quality of life and health care costs. This chapter summarizes the most compelling evidence for the relationship between diabetes and these emerging late-life complications and discusses potential avenues for secondary and tertiary prevention.</jats:p
Fragilità
No full textLa fragilitá é caratterizzata da un declino accelerato di molteplici sistemi fisiologici che compromette l’efficienza dei meccanismi omeostatici dell’organismo.
Particolarmente importanti appaiono alcune modificazioni ormonali, l’iperattivazione del sistema infiammatorio, un’accentuazione dello stress ossidativo e alcune modificazioni dell’equilibrio funzionale tra sistema nervoso simpatico e parasimatico.
La fragilità può essere innescata attraverso meccanismi multipli. Tuttavia, una volta iniziato, il processo viene automantenuto tramite l’attivazione di altre vie fisiopatologiche e la formazione di circoli viziosi
Muscle dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: a major threat to patient’s mobility and independence
No full textType 2 diabetes, a common metabolic disease in older people, is a major risk factor for functional limitation, impaired mobility, and loss of independence. In older people, the pathogenesis of functional limitation and disability is complex and multifactorial. A number of potential pathways are involved including cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, overweight, osteoarthritis, visual deficit, and cognitive impairment, conditions that are all more prevalent among patients with diabetes. Sarcopenia, a geriatric condition characterized by a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is also involved in the pathogenesis of functional limitations and disability. Recent research has shown that older patients with type 2 diabetes are often affected by skeletal muscle impairment, leading to reduced muscle strength and physical function. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, muscle fat infiltration, and peripheral neuropathies are hypothesized as the fundamental biological mechanisms leading to muscle impairment in people with diabetes. This review summarizes the current literature on the biological pathways responsible for skeletal muscle dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and analyzes the role of decline in muscle strength and quality on the association between diabetes and mobility disability
Complicanze emergenti del diabete nel soggetto anziano
No full textIl continuo incremento del numero di soggetti anziani affetti da diabete associato all’aumentata sopravvivenza dei pazienti diabetici sta espandendo lo spettro delle complicanze a lungo termine di questa malattia. In aggiunta alle classiche manifestazioni vascolari e neuropatiche sarà necessario quindi considerare anche il declino cognitivo, la demenza, la depressione, la disabilità e le cadute. Queste condizioni hanno un profondo impatto sulla qualità di vita del paziente e dei suoi famigliari e rappresenteranno un nuovo e ulteriore problema per il clinico e per il sistema sanitario. Appare quindi già da ora indispensabile la ricerca di nuove strategie per ridurre il rischio di queste nuove complicanze. In particolare è necessario che i grandi studi clinici randomizzati disegnati per stabilire l’efficacia dei diversi protocolli terapeutici nel paziente diabetico, includano un numero sostanziale di soggetti anziani ed esaminino l’effetto dei vari interventi sulla funzione cognitiva e sul declino funzionale oltre che sulle classiche complicanze micro- e macrovascolari
Physical function and disability in older adults with diabetes
No full textFunctional decline and physical disability are an important clinical and public health problem in older adults because they are associated with loss of independence, nursing home admission, and mortality. Several impairments and comorbidities related to or associated with diabetes are potential disabling conditions that could account for the excess risk of disability. But in most studies, no single condition explains this association. Accelerated loss of muscle strength is a potential mediator in the disabling effect of diabetes. Because some diabetes-related comorbidities are potential modifiable risk factors, preventing and reducing the excess risk of disability associated with diabetes needs further study
Modelli di santità nelle “Historiae Indicae” di Giovanni Pietro Maffei
No full textIl gesuita Giovanni Pietro Maffei è protagonista di quel gruppo degli appartenenti alla Compagnia di Gesù che si dedicarono al recupero della memoria storica dell'epopea evangelizzatrice dell'ordine a livello planetario a partire dalla seconda metà del XVI secolo. Il saggio analizza il significato e la natura selettiva degli esempi parenetici presenti all'interno dell'Historiarum Indicarum libri, opera edita a Firenze nel 1588 presso Filippo Giunti
The Different Domains of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
No full textComprehensive geriatric assessment is the core and an essential part of the clinical care of older patients. It differs from a standard medical evaluation by including nonmedical domains, incorporating a multidisciplinary team, and by emphasizing functional capacity and quality of life. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is based on standardized and specific tools designed to investigate specific domains that may influence the general health and outcomes of older patients, including assessment of medical, functional, cognitive, psychological, socio-economic, and environmental conditions. As compared to traditional medical approach, it usually yields a more complete and relevant picture of patients’ needs and is helpful in refining the diagnosis of medical conditions, development of personalized treatment and follow-up plans and coordination of management of care. Here, different assessment tools commonly used in geriatric assessment according to different domains of health are reviewed and discussed, highlighting their application in different clinical settin
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