576 research outputs found
How does alkaline-thermal pretreatment followed by anaerobic digestion affect the content of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 66 microplastics?
Full text linkMicroplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous and increasing in quantity, causing raising concern. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a point source for both aquatic environments and soil, through the use of sludge in agriculture. Understanding the fate of MPs within the wastewater and sludge lines of a treatment plant and, possibly, enhancing their removal will improve the safe reuse of sludge and water effluent and the wastewater biorefinery concept application. This study investigates the effects of alkaline-thermal pretreatment of sludge, followed by anaerobic digestion, on the physical and chemical characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide 66 (PA(66)) contained. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of different NaOH concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times on the degradation of the MPs in anaerobic digestion. PET MPs exhibited relevant mass reduction and structural changes in relation to the NaOH concentration and temperature. PA(66) MPs showed limited chemical alterations, indicating higher resistance to degradation. Batch anaerobic digestion tests of pretreated samples did not modify them further. Chemical characterization of MPs was performed using both Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Focal Plane Array-Fourier Transform-Imaging-Micro-Spectroscopy (FPA-μFTIR-Imaging), revealing distinct trends between surface-level and bulk material changes in the MPs. The results highlighted that ATR-FTIR recorded lower carbonyl index values compared to FPA-μFTIR-Imaging. These findings emphasized the importance of using complementary analytical techniques to thoroughly understand MPs degradation. The outcomes suggest that tailored pretreatment strategies are essential to enhance MPs removal in WWTPs, ensuring safer sludge reuse within a circular economy framework.</p
Py–GC–MS analysis for microplastics:Unlocking matrix challenges and sample recovery when analyzing wastewater for polypropylene and polystyrene
Full text linkMatrix interference and recovery when using pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py–GC–MS) to analyze wastewater for polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) microplastics (MP) was studied. Raw wastewater underwent a sample preparation train commonly applied for such matrix. The train consisted of six discrete steps to reduce the organic matter content without affecting MP in the sample. One large wastewater sample was collected, homogenized, and subdivided into 21 subsamples. Three samples were analyzed without further sample preparation. The remaining samples were divided in sets of three, and each set underwent an increasing number of steps of the procedure, up to the last set, which underwent the full treatment. The matrix effect on the determination of PS and PP was statistically evaluated by comparing in-matrix and external calibration curves at each step. Recovery of MP was assessed after each step by adding deuterated PS to the samples. A main finding was that there was no significant matrix effect for these polymers throughout the preparation train, suggesting that matrix components did not interfere with the analytical method. However, a significant loss of polymer mass was found between the steps, which may result in MPs falling below detection limits. Therefore, Py–GC–MS could be used for MP quantification before analysis by other techniques which require more extensive matrix removal. A downside of this approach is that analyzing such samples without matrix reduction will increase the need for instrumental maintenance.</p
sj-zip-1-asp-10.1177_0003702820917760 - Supplemental material for Toward the Systematic Identification of Microplastics in the Environment: Evaluation of a New Independent Software Tool (siMPle) for Spectroscopic Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-zip-1-asp-10.1177_0003702820917760 for Toward the Systematic Identification of Microplastics in the Environment: Evaluation of a New Independent Software Tool (siMPle) for Spectroscopic Analysis by Sebastian Primpke, Richard K. Cross, Svenja M. Mintenig, Marta Simon, Alvise Vianello, Gunnar Gerdts and Jes Vollertsen in Applied Spectroscop
sj-zip-1-asp-10.1177_0003702820917760 - Supplemental material for Toward the Systematic Identification of Microplastics in the Environment: Evaluation of a New Independent Software Tool (siMPle) for Spectroscopic Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-zip-1-asp-10.1177_0003702820917760 for Toward the Systematic Identification of Microplastics in the Environment: Evaluation of a New Independent Software Tool (siMPle) for Spectroscopic Analysis by Sebastian Primpke, Richard K. Cross, Svenja M. Mintenig, Marta Simon, Alvise Vianello, Gunnar Gerdts and Jes Vollertsen in Applied Spectroscop
Advancing the Use of Passive Gravity Flow Samplers for Storm Event Pollution Characterisation
No full textKeep Moving Forward
No full textKeep Moving Forward is a story written in the inspiration of author Charles Bukowski, specifically in spirit of Ham On Rye. Similarly to that novel, this story is written in the form of dirty realism, with an intended audience of young adults. This coming of age story follows the youth of Lily Torres, who is simply looking for happiness. Or at least some means of satisfaction. But things don't always work out that way in life, especially not for Lily. Throughout this story, readers follow the everyday struggles Lily is brought up against. Abandoned by her friends, mistreated by her lovers and forgotten about by her family, Lily is forced to learn the lessons of friendship, love and trust. It's through these learning lessons that she finally accepts that she can only keep moving forward
The Effect of Landfill Leachate on Nitrification Inhibition of Activated Sludge
No full textI takt med at den komplekse spildevandsproduktion i det moderne samfund stiger,kræves der forbedringer af behandlingsteknologien for at sikre bæredygtig udvikling,især inden for nitrifikationsprocesser, som spiller en vigtig rolle i spildevandsrensningsanlæg.Imidlertid er mikroorganismer, som er baseret på nitrifikationsprocessen,følsomme over for visse giftige stoffer, der påvirker kvaliteten afudløbsvandet. Hovedformålet med denne undersøgelse er at indsamle og konkluderelitteratur om NI (nitrifikationshæmning) og kontrollerede eksperimenter medlossepladsperkolat, der forårsager NI-graden, efter analysetype - ammoniakkonverteringshastighed.Det kontrollerede eksperiment på ATU (N-Allylthiourea) har tilformål at bevise effektiviteten af denne analysemetode. I litteraturgennemgangener kilder til NI, analysetyper og nitrifierresistens overvejet. De viste, at dennebatch af lossepladsperkolat ikke kunne forårsage NI. Det foreslås, at klassificeringog begrænsning af spildevandskilder garanterer mikroorganismernes sikkerhed.While increasing complex wastewater produced in modern society, the technologyof treatment is demanded improvement to be suitable sustainable development,especially in nitrification processes, which plays an important role in wastewatertreatment plant. However, microorganism, nitrification process relied, is sensitiveto some toxicant affecting quality of outlet water. The main objective of thisstudy is collection and conclusion of literature about NI (nitrification inhibition),and controlled experiment on landfill leachate causing NI degree by assay type -ammonia conversion rate. The controlled experiment on ATU (N-Allylthiourea) isto prove the effectivity of this assay method. In literature review, it’s consideredsources of NI, assay types and nitrifier resistance. They showed this batch of landfillleachate couldn’t cause NI. It’s suggestion that classification and limitation ofwastewater sources guarantee security of microorganism
Erik Cinthios bibliografi 1946-2011
Full text linkA bibliograhy of Erik Cinthio, professor in medieval archaeology at Lund University. The bibliography covers the period 1946-2011. In his festschrift, "Medeltiden och arkeologin. Festskrift till Erik Cinthio" (1986) a bibliograhy by the same author covered the period 1946-86
Quality Control in Microplastic Research -Statistical Approaches and Introduction of theFlowCam as Tool for Recovery Experiments
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