1,841 research outputs found
The adoption of sound change : synchronic and diachronic processing of regional variation in Dutch
Get PDFThis dissertation investigates how sound change is adopted by speakers and listeners, based on a currently-ongoing cluster of changes in Dutch termed the ‘Polder shift’. The main aim of the dissertation is to form a bridge between five key areas of linguistics: historical phonology, sociophonetics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and quantitative linguistics. A unified account of these different angles to the study of sound change is not trivial. This dissertation uses psycholinguistic experiments combined with detailed quantitative analysis to study the contributions of the different components to the adoption of sound change in the medium and long term. The population studied in this dissertation is sociolinguistic migrants: in this case, Flemish speakers of Dutch who have migrated to the Netherlands, and thereby migrated from a non-Polder-shift area to a Polder-shift area. The methods adopted in this dissertation include a corpus study of regional variation, longitudinal psycholinguistic experiments over nine months’ time, cross-sectional psycholinguistic experiments spanning multiple decades of apparent time, and two neurolinguistic studies using EEG. Results show that the sociolinguistic migrants rapidly acquire allophonic variation at the phonological level (albeit not necessarily the associated sociolinguistic knowledge), but that it takes a long time (more than nine months, up to multiple decades) for this to carry forward to their behavioral production and perception, and moreover is subject to significant individual differences. The contributions by this dissertation show how the fundamentally sociolinguistic phenomenon of sound change can be studied empirically using psycho- and neurolinguistics, and profit from recent innovations in statistics.NWOTheoretical and Experimental Linguistic
Historic tree at Mission Carmel (San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo) in Monterey, ca.1888
No full textPhotograph of the historic tree at Mission Carmel (San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo) in Monterey, ca.1888. The tree stands at center, growing from the slope of a hill that feeds into the dry ravine at left. In the background left, the gaurd rail of a bridge can be seen.; "Viscaino hung bell on this tree and held mass in 1602 and Father Juniper Serra utilized it for the same purpose June 3, 1770 when he first landed to establish a mission for Saint Charles. [Also the boat was tied here.] The tree fell early in 1900 and the trunk was removed to the garden at rear of San Carlos Mission in Monterey. Photo made by a Mr. Adams [a photographer of Monterey about 1890] abt. 1880 and [negative] purchased from him about 1895 by C.C. Pierce". -- Unknown author
Sterkte en vervorming van waterbouwasfaltbeton (I)
No full text-Bereiding van proefstukken waterbouwasfaltbeton op lab-schaal met een constante kwaliteit blijkt tot de mogelijkheden te behoren. Bij 7% bitumen kan de verdichting vermoedelijk lichter zijn dan de standaardmethode voor wegenbouwmengsels om een holle ruimteniveau van circa 4% te bereiken. Het is de vraag of dit ook bij 6, 5% bitumen het geval kan zijn. -Het kruip- en rekonderzoek geeft als duidelijke indicatie, dat de vervorming en S-modulus mede afhankelijk zijn van het type normaalspanning. Intensiever onderzoek, mede met het oog op de spreiding in resultaten, zal moeten uitwijzen, hoe die afhankelijkheid precies is. - Bij de bezwijkproeven blijkt de sterkte mede afhankelijk van het type normaalspanning. Dit is veel minder het geval bij de resulterende vervormingen. Als gevolg van beide is toch de S-modulus sterk afhankelijk van het feit, of deze met druk- of trekspanningen is bepaald. - Bij alle proeven blijkt de grote invloed van de temperatuur en vervormingssnelheid op het vervormingsgedrag en de sterkte. -Voor een betere interpretatie van de splijtproeven is het noodzakelijk de horizontale vervormingen te meten, zodat de S-modulus kan worden vastgesteld. - Het totaal aan stijfheidsmoduli geeft een band als "mastercurve". De met drukspanningen bepaalde waarden liggen in het algemeen op een hoger niveau dan de met trekspanningen bepaalde waarden. -Voor de bepaling van het hogere stijfheidsniveau moeten dynamische onderzoeksmethoden worden gehanteerd.TAW A4 Asfalttoepassinge
Measurements of psi(3686) -> k-lambda(Xi)over-bar(+) + c.c. and psi(3686) -> gamma k-lambda(xi)over-bar(+) + c.c.
No full textÇetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)Using a sample of 1.06 x 10(8) psi(3686) events produced in e(+)e(-) collisions at root s = 3.686 GeV and collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we present studies of the decays psi(3686) -> K-Lambda(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c. and psi(3686) -> gamma K-Lambda(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c. We observe two hyperons, Xi(1690)(-) and Xi(1820)(-), in the K-Lambda invariant mass distribution in the decay psi(3686) -> K-Lambda(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c. with significances of 4.9 sigma and 6.2 sigma, respectively. The branching fractions of psi(3686) -> K-Lambda(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c., psi(3686) -> K-Sigma(0)(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c, psi(3686) -> gamma chi cJ -> gamma K-Lambda(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c (J = 0, 1, 2), and psi(3686) -> Xi(1690/1820)(-)(Xi) over bar (+) + c.c with sub-sequent decay Xi(1690/1820)(-) -> K-Lambda are measured for the first time
Search for the rare decays J/psi -> D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c. and psi(3686) -> D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c.
No full textKolcu, Onur Buğra (Arel Author)Using the data samples of (1310.6 +/- 7.2) x 10(6) J/psi events and (448.1 +/- 2.9) x 10(6) psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, we search for the rare decays J/psi -> D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c. and psi(3686) -> D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c. No significant signals are observed and the corresponding upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B(J/psi -> D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c.) D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c.) D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c.) is more stringent by 2 orders of magnitude than the previous results, and B(psi(3686) -> D(0)e(+) e(-) + c.c.) is measured for the first time
Global Nonlinear Model Identification with Multivariate Splines
No full textAt present, model based control systems play an essential role in many aspects of modern society. Application areas of model based control systems range from food processing to medical imaging, and from process control in oil refineries to the flight control systems of modern aircraft. Central to a model based control system is a mathematical model of the physical system or process that is being controlled. The field of science concerned with the identification of models of physical systems is called system identification. In this thesis, a new methodology is proposed for the identification of models of nonlinear systems using multivariate simplex splines. This new methodology has the potential to increase the performance of any model based control system by improving the quality of system models. Multivariate simplex splines consist of polynomial basis functions, called B-form polynomials, which are defined on geometric structures called simplices. Every simplex supports a single B-form polynomial which itself consists of a linear combination of Bernstein basis polynomials. Each individual Bernstein basis polynomial is scaled by a single coefficient called a B-coefficient. The B-coefficients have a special property in the sense that they have a unique spatial location inside their supporting simplex. This spatial structure, also known as the B-net, provides a number of unique capabilities that add to the desirability of the simplex splines as a tool for data approximation. For example, the B-net simplifies local model modification by directly relating specific model regions to subsets of B-coefficients involved in shaping the model in those regions. This particular capability has the potential to play an important role in future adaptive model based control systems. In such a control system, an on-board simplex spline model can be locally adapted in real time to reflect changes in system dynamics. The approximation power of the multivariate simplex splines can be increased by joining any number of simplices together into a geometric structure called a triangulation. Triangulations come in many shapes and sizes, ranging from configurations consisting of just two simplices to configurations containing millions of simplices. Triangulations can be optimized by locally increasing or decreasing the density of simplices to reflect local system complexity. The new methodology was applied in the identification of a complete set of aerodynamic models for the Cessna Citation II laboratory using flight data obtained during seven test flights. In total, 247 flight test maneuvers were flown which together provided a significant coverage of the flight envelope of the Citation II. The complete identification dataset consisted of millions of measurements on more than sixty flight parameters. More than 2000 prototype spline based aerodynamic models were identified using a newly developed, highly optimized software implementation of the simplex spline identification algorithm. Using the developed methods for simplex spline model validation it was proved that the models are both accurate and of guaranteed numerical stability inside the spline domain. The identification and validation results of the simplex spline models were compared with those of ordinary polynomial models identified using standard identification methods. These results showed that the multivariate simplex spline based aerodynamic models were of significantly higher quality than the aerodynamic models based on ordinary polynomials.Control & OperationsAerospace Engineerin
Revisions of African Moraceae (excluding Dorstenia, Ficus, Musanga and Myrianthus)
No full textIn continuation of de Ruiter’s treatment of Myrianthus and Musanga (Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 46: 471-510.1976), the present paper gives a revision of the African representatives of 17 genera of the Moraceae. The area studied not only consists of the African Continent, but also includes Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, the Mascarenes, the Seychelles, and the Aldabra Islands. Several new combinations are made: Antiaris toxicaria ssp. africana (Engl.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaría ssp. africana var. usambarensis” (Engl.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaria ssp. macrophylla (R.Br.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaría ssp. madagascariensis (H. Perrier) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaria ssp. humbertii (Léandri) C.C. Berg, Broussonetia greveana (Baillon) C.C. Berg, Treculia africana ssp. madagascarica (N.E.Br.) C.C. Berg, and T. africana ssp. madagascarica var. sambiranensis (Léandri) C. C. Berg. Many names are brought into synonymy. Besides revising taxa, the present study aims to fill a gap in our knowledge between Asian Moraceae (studied by Corner, whose studies resulted in a new classification of the family) and the neotropical Moraceae, a subject of study by the present author. Therefore discussions about classification of the family and relationships of African Moraceae with moraceous taxa elsewhere are an essential part of the present paper
C.C. Slaughter's Lazy S Ranch in Cochran and Hockley counties, 1898-1921.
Get PDFLikely added to or created for the author's thesis: "A Cattle Kingdom on Texas' Last Frontier: C. C. Slaughter's Lazy S Ranch" (Texas Tech University, 1970).Scale approximately 1:337,920 (W 102°59'24"--W 102°18'53"/N 33°50'54"--N 33°24'07")The map illustrates the 250,000-acre holdings of C.C. Slaughter, known as the "Cattle King of Texas," before the ranch's liquidation and subdivision beginning in 1921 (following his death in 1919)
ERP Responses to Regional Accent Reflect Two Distinct Processes of Perceptual Compensation
Get PDFHumans possess a robust speech-perception apparatus that is able to cope with variation in spoken language. However, linguists have often claimed that this coping ability must be limited, since otherwise there is no way for such variation to lead to language change and regional accents. Previous research has shown that the presence or absence of perceptual compensation is indexed by the N400 and P600 components, where the N400 reflects the general awareness of accented speech input, and the P600 responds to phonological-rule violations. The present exploratory paper investigates the hypothesis that these same components are involved in the accommodation to sound change, and that their amplitudes reduce as a sound change becomes accepted by an individual. This is investigated on the basis of a vowel shift in Dutch that has occurred in the Netherlands but not in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). Netherlandic and Flemish participants were presented auditorily with words containing either conservative or novel vowel realizations, plus two control conditions. Exploratory analyses found no significant differences in ERPs to these realizations, but did uncover two systematic differences. Over 9 months, the N400 response became less negative for both groups of participants, but this effect was significantly smaller for the Flemish participants, a finding in line with earlier results on accent processing. Additionally, in one control condition where a “novel” realization was produced based on vowel lengthening, which cannot be achieved by any rule of either Netherlandic or Flemish Dutch and changes the vowel's phonemic identity, a P600 was obtained in the Netherlandic participants, but not in the Flemish participants. This P600 corroborates a small number of other studies which found phonological P600s, and provides ERP validation of earlier behavioral results that adaptation to variation in speech is possible, until the variation crosses a phoneme boundary. The results of this exploratory study thus reveal two types of perceptual-compensation (dys)function: on-line accent processing, visible as N400 amplitude, and failure to recover from an ungrammatical realization that crosses a phoneme boundary, visible as a P600. These results provide further insight on how these two ERPs reflect the processing of variation.NWOTheoretical and Experimental Linguistic
C.C. Parker's monthly list of the latest books.
No full textMode of access: Internet.Latest issue consulted: Christmas 1908.Description based on: October 1905; title from cover
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