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МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ КОНСТИТУЦИИ РОССИИ (К ИТОГАМ ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ В СВЯЗИ С 25-ЛЕТИЕМ)
No full textA quarter of a century has passed since the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by a national referendum. The jubilee gives a reason to talk about the optimality of constitutional provisions, their effectiveness, and somewhere practical expediency. The article aims to analyze the points of view expressed in this regard in the scientific press, newspaper periodicals and other media. However, the author first refers to the history of the emergence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. It is noted that the Basic Law, on the one hand, was a result of military-political compromise between supporters of the parliamentary vision of the future structure of the country and supporters of a strong presidential power, on the other hand, allowed ultimately abolish the Soviet system and traditions. The mentioned situation and the factor of haste and hurry could not but affect the content and technical and legal quality of the document. The author has reduced the opinions expressed on the issue of modernization of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to three main positions: 1) The Constitution has not exhausted its potential and there is no reason to change its text; 2) a full-fledged constitutional reform is required, the current Constitution has exhausted its potential; 3) there is a need for precise partial changes and additions that can improve the Constitution. The article argues that the last position of the so-called precise partial changes is the most productive and allows to make the constitutional document adequate and relevant. In this regard, it is proposed to hold several round tables at the initial stage on the development of concepts for improving the constitutional foundations. One of them, the author calls promising and offers to prepare a list of proposals for the removal of ideologically and actually not confirmed in practical life provisions. These are provisions about Legal State (excluding the principle of separation of state power), Welfare State, etc. Another concept that also needs to be developed is institutional (the concept of the legal status of public authorities, their powers, checks and balances, etc.). These ideas, the author believes, should be a compromise between scientists, then become public and be implemented in the practice of constitutional construction.Прошло четверть века с момента принятия Конституции Российской Федерации всенародным референдумом. Юбилей дает повод порассуждать об оптимальности конституционных положений, их эффективности, а где-то и практической целесообразности. В статье поставлена задача проанализировать высказанные в этой связи точки зрения в научной печати, газетной периодике и других средствах массовой информации. Однако прежде автор уделяет внимание истории появления Конституции РФ 1993 года. Отмечается, что Основной Закон, с одной стороны, явился военно-политическим компромиссом между сторонниками парламентского видения устройства страны в будущем и сторонниками сильной президентской власти, с другой стороны, позволил полностью распрощаться с советскими строем и традициями. Данная ситуация и фактор торопливости, спешности не могли не повлиять на содержательное и технико-юридическое качество документа. Высказанные мнения по вопросу модернизации Конституции России автор свел к трем позициям: 1) Конституция не исчерпала своих возможностей, и трогать ее текст нет оснований; 2) необходима полноценная конституционная реформа, действующая Конституция свой потенциал исчерпала; 3) необходимы «точечные» изменения и дополнения, способные улучшить Конституцию. В статье аргументируется, что последняя позиция так называемых точечных изменений - наиболее продуктивна и позволяет конституционный документ сделать адекватным и актуальным. В этой связи на первоначальном этапе предлагается провести несколько «круглых столов» по вопросу выработки концепций совершенствования конституционных основ. Одну из них автор называет перспективной и предлагает подготовить перечень предложений по изъятию идеологически и фактически не подтвердивших себя в практической жизни положений. Речь идет о правовом государстве (исключая принцип разделения государственной власти), социальном государстве и т.д. Другую концепцию, которую также необходимо разработать, - это институциональную (концепцию статуса властей, их полномочий и баланса и др.). Данные идеи, считает автор, должны быть компромиссом между учеными, затем стать достоянием общественности и реализовываться в практику конституционного строительства
Методологические проблемы современной теории права
No full textThis article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the appearance of proposals for new cognitive methodologies in jurisprudence, the denial of Hegel's dialectics, Marx's materialistic approach, etc. The author believes that the reason for this is the dominance of liberal thinking in the humanities, including jurisprudence. The historical type of thinking, which is liberal, turns any ideology into a system of views on the role and significance of social, economic and other relations. One of the characteristic features of liberal ideology is the denial of existing values, ideas, accumulated knowledge. The liberal approach is an essential feature of the modern theory of law, the worldview of its development. Liberal thinking also denies the established values. In this connection it became popular to deny the dialectics of Hegel, the materialism of Marx's social development, the classical types of legal understanding, the system of sources of law, their traditional division, etc. Meanwhile there is an emphasis in the article on the following rule: what was achieved by domestic jurisprudence and convincingly proved is still actual. The author interprets Marx's ideas about the state, the individual and the state from his early works, which modern legal science does not comprehend or simply ignores. The principles of Hegel's dialectics are illustrated, while it is proved that this knowledge does not only correspond to that moment, but also very important and necessary for modern society. In the light of what was said the new methodologies in the theory of law proposed by young authors are rather sharply criticized. This is the so-called paradigmatic approach. The author believes that the replacement of scientific paradigms is a natural phenomenon for legal and other sciences. The so-called “drastic” change in scientific paradigms proposed in the 70th years of the last century by American scientists is not possible in the humanities. Following these ideas is wrong and unpromising. Criticism is subjected to synergistic, phenomenological and other ideas of new methodological foundations in the theory of law and the state. Synergetics is nothing more than a long-known technique in the system approach that can not claim an independent methodology. Proposals for a “global” role in the scientific knowledge of phenomenological methodology are also unsuccessful. Essentially, these are axiological principles and methods of cognition. The article states that liberal thinking and liberal ideology are the main phenomena in social and scientific life. Is it good or bad? Undoubtedly, it is good, for this is a condition necessary for scientific creativity. But the freedom of creativity is not a sword that can destroy everything, including such immutable authorities as Hegel, Marx, etc. The author also believes that the Soviet jurisprudence left the deep resources of knowledge, including the methodology. This does not mean that there is no need to seek new methodological approaches. The movement and development of the methodological toolkit must go forward. But this does not mean that the proposed “new methodologies” are capable of “restoring our worldview”, as well as the fact that the dialectical approach can only “supplement” advanced methodologies, etc. Such value as liberalism in all its manifestations presupposes the personal responsibility of the scientist, the principle of careful attitude to the existing knowledge, prudence and reasoning of the new provisions. Moreover, in cases of fundamental knowledge, such as Hegel's dialectic, the materialism of Karl Marx and others, liberalism requires manifestation and adaptation in the domestic theory of law.Автор статьи анализирует причины появления предложений, обосновывающих новые методологии познания в правоведении и отрицающих диалектику Гегеля, материалистический подход Маркса и др. Причиной этому является господство либерального мышления в гуманитарных науках, в том числе в правоведении. Исторический тип мышления, коим является либеральное, превращает ту или иную идеологию в систему взглядов на роль и значение общественных, экономических и иных отношений. Одной из характерных черт либеральной идеологии является отрицание существующих ценностей, идей, накопленных знаний. Между тем автор интерпретирует идеи Маркса о личности и государстве из его ранних работ, которые современной юридической наукой не осмысливаются или попросту игнорируются. Иллюстрируются принципы диалектики Гегеля, где доказывается, что этот арсенал знаний не только не устарел, но и важен и нужен современному обществу. Острой критике подвергаются предлагаемые новые методологии в теории права. Речь идет о так называемом парадигмальном подходе. Автор считает, что смена научных парадигм - естественное явление для правовой и других наук. Так называемая резкая смена научных парадигм в гуманитарных науках невозможна. Критике подвергаются синергетические, феноменологические и другие идеи новых методологических основ в теории права и государства. Констатируется, что либеральное мышление и либеральная идеология - господствующие феномены в общественной и научной жизни. Однако либерализм во всех его проявлениях предполагает личную ответственность ученого, принцип бережного отношения к существующим знаниям, осмотрительность и аргументированность новых положений
Rethinking Eurasianism: the Eurasian Union Project of N.A. Nazarbaev
No full textThe article is dedicated to the analysis of basic patterns of the Eurasian Union Project of N.A. Nazarbaev. The author explains the reasons determined absence of interest from the direction of Russian leaders and governments of other CIS’s countries to the initiative of Kazakhstan President in 1990’s and the renewal of Eurasianism in 2000’s. The author also emphasizes the factors defining a special role of Kazakhstan in the processes of integration on the area of Eurasia
Work schedules, wages, and employment in a general equilibrium model with team production
No full textAn analysis of working hours, wages, and employment when production requires coordinating the work schedules of heterogeneous workers. The author shows that this coordination aspect of production can have important policy implications.Hours of labor ; Employment (Economic theory) ; Wages
Categories "uncertainty" and "certainty" in the study of law and philosophical problems
No full textThe whole system of social regulation has the property of certainty of social relations regulation, including its variety - law. The achievement of legal certainty is one of the key tasks of law, this is its meaning and value. Certainty of the regulation of public relations is laid into the process of establishing the rule of law - law-making. For this law-maker uses a variety of techniques and methods. Final certainty is achieved in the process of legal regulation of the right. To this end, the law uses a variety of mechanisms
Categories "uncertainty" and "certainty" in the study of law and philosophical problems
No full textThe whole system of social regulation has the property of certainty of social relations regulation, including its variety - law. The achievement of legal certainty is one of the key tasks of law, this is its meaning and value. Certainty of the regulation of public relations is laid into the process of establishing the rule of law - law-making. For this law-maker uses a variety of techniques and methods. Final certainty is achieved in the process of legal regulation of the right. To this end, the law uses a variety of mechanisms
Методологическая результативность исследования определенности права
No full textThe whole system of social regulation has the property of certainty of social
relations regulation, including its variety — law. The achievement of legal certainty is
one of the key tasks of law, this is its meaning and value. Certainty of the regulation of
public relations is laid into the process of establishing the rule of law — law-making. For
this law-maker uses a variety of techniques and methods. Final certainty is achieved
in the process of legal regulation of the right. To this end, the law uses a variety of
mechanisms.Категории неопределенность и определенность позволяют наиболее глубоко проанализировать свойства права, закономерности его функционирования и развития. Признаком определенности регулирования общественных отношений обладает вся система социального регулирования, включая ее разновидность — право. Достижение правовой определенности — одна из ключевых задач права, в этом его смысл и ценность. Определенность регулирования общественных отношений закладывается в процессе создания правовых норм правотворчеством. Для этого нормоустановитель использует самые различные приемы и способы. Итоговая определенность в праворегулировании достигается в процессе действия права. С этой целью право использует самые различные механизмы. Исследование определенности в праве невозможно вне связи с неопределенностью
Environmental impacts during the operational phase of residential buildings
No full textTo date, the focus in the field of sustainable building has been on new building design. However, existing residential buildings inflict great environmental burden through three causes: continuous energy consumption, regular building maintenance and replacements. This publication analyses and compares these three causes of environmental burden and shows that material resources needed for replacements generally have a limited potential to reduce environmental impact. Reducing energy consumption for climate control and electrical appliances is much more effective. According to the author, sustainable measures should be tested for shifts in the kind of environmental impact caused due to the use of alternative types of energy resources and altered material quantities. The sustainability of the electricity supply is essential to decrease the total environmental impact of the residential building stock.Sustainable and Healthy HousingOTB Research Institut
Animal Blood Sacrifice in Left-Hand Path and Satanic Milieu: Case Study of the Author N.A-A.218
No full textKrvavá zvířecí oběť v Left-Hand Path a satanském milieu: Případová studie autora N.A-A.218 Matouš Mokrý English Abstract: The main aim of this paper was to study the meaning and nature of Chaos-gnostic animal sacrifice in the texts of N.A-A.218, to describe its social functions and to put it in its social and discoursive context, and thus to provide further understanding of its occurrence within the Left-Hand Path and satanic milieu whose dominant actors have rejected the act of animal sacrifice. The work deals in more detail mainly with discourses found in the texts of N.A- A.218 which are expressing the conception of sacrificial blood as magically potent substance constituting the seat of animal's life; do ut des principle; traditionality and duty of animal sacrifice and the conception of sacrifice as gradual killing of one's own ego which constitutes the part of a Chaos-gnostic's personality that is tying him to the demiurgic material world and its society. Whereas the discourses of blood as a magically potent substance and do ut des principle harmonize the Chaos-gnostic animal sacrifice with intuitive conceptions arising in connection with animal sacrifice across individual human cultures, the discourse of compulsory tradition shapes animal sacrifice as a tool of building, maintaining and control of..
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