16 research outputs found
Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words
No full textPsychological frameworks conceptualize emotion along 2 dimensions, "valence" and "arousal." Arousal invokes a single axis of intensity increasing from neutral to maximally arousing. Valence can be described variously as a bipolar continuum, as independent positive and negative dimensions, or as hedonic value (distance from neutral). In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize neural activity correlating with arousal and with distinct models of valence during presentation of affective word stimuli. Our results extend observations in the chemosensory domain suggesting a double dissociation in which subregions of orbitofrontal cortex process valence, whereas amygdala preferentially processes arousal. In addition, our data support the physiological validity of descriptions of valence along independent axes or as absolute distance from neutral but fail to support the validity of descriptions of valence along a bipolar continuum
Surface structure and physicomechanical properties of NiTi exposed to electron beam and ion-plasma treatment
No full text
Effect of nonmetallic and intermetallic inclusions on crater formation on the surface of TiNi alloys under the electron-beam impact
No full textAbstractThe regularities of surface cratering in commercial and precision TiNi alloys irradiated with a low-energy, high-current electron beam (LEHCEB) in dependence on non-metallic (TiC(O)) or intermetallic (Ti2Ni) inclusions presented in TiNi matrix are studied. The melting threshold of TiNi alloy was found to be achieved in the range of LEHCEBs energy density Es corresponding to 1.3-1.5 J/cm2. The dominant role of non-metallic inclusions [mainly, TiC(O)] in the nucleation of microcraters was found. The processes initiated by pulsed heating/melting near the inclusion/matrix interface were analyzed. It is proposed that the most important factor enabling the liquid-phase dissolution of inclusions and delivery of impurities of C and O [from TiC(O)] and O (from Ti4Ni2Ox) into TiNi melt are eutectic reactions taking place in the Ti-Ni-C and Ti-Ni-O systems near Ti50Ni50 composition
Neural basis for priming of pop-out during visual search revealed with fMRI
No full textMalikovic and Nakayama first showed that visual search efficiency can be influenced by priming effects. Even "pop-out" targets (defined by unique color) are judged quicker if they appear at the same location and/or in the same color as on the preceding trial, in an unpredictable sequence. Here, we studied the potential neural correlates of such priming in human visual search using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that repeating either the location or the color of a singleton target led to repetition suppression of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity in brain regions traditionally linked with attentional control, including bilateral intraparietal sulci. This indicates that the attention system of the human brain can be "primed," in apparent analogy to repetition-suppression effects on activity in other neural systems. For repetition of target color but not location, we also found repetition suppression in inferior temporal areas that may be associated with color processing, whereas repetition of target location led to greater reduction of activation in contralateral inferior parietal and frontal areas, relative to color repetition. The frontal eye fields were also implicated, notably when both target properties (color and location) were repeated together, which also led to further BOLD decreases in anterior fusiform cortex not seen when either property was repeated alone. These findings reveal the neural correlates for priming of pop-out search, including commonalities, differences, and interactions between location and color repetition. fMRI repetition-suppression effects may arise in components of the attention network because these settle into a stable 1. attractor state" more readily when the same target property is repeated than when a different attentional state is required
La (no) utopía en Misterio bufo y La chinche
No full textEsta ponencia propone una lectura de Misterio bufo y La chinche, dos obras de teatro de Vladimir Maiakovski (1893-1930), a partir del eje de la utopía. El trabajo está dividido en dos partes o enfoques en consonancia con los desarrollos de E. D. Hirsch en Validity in Interpretation: el significado y la significación. La primera perspectiva corresponde al significado y está ligada al contexto de producción. Maiakovski escribe durante la Revolución Rusa y el posterior establecimiento de la Unión Soviética. Por ello, la lectura del significado piensa las obras insertas en este marco político-social, artístico y cultural. Además, la misma busca acercarse, teniendo en cuenta las ideologías que circulan en la época en cuestión, a las intenciones del autor al escribir los textos consignados. En el significado, la utopía es la revolución. Por otra parte, la significación se aleja de la clausura que representa el contexto, es decir Rusia a comienzos del siglo XX. La lectura desde esta perspectiva abre un campo semántico que desborda totalmente los límites del contexto original de producción. Ella es la constelación que se crea al realizar una interpretación personal de las obras. En la significación, no se busca un acercamiento a las intenciones del autor, sino más bien una lectura contemporánea de los textos. Se parte del material verbal para luego saltar a distintas posibilidades de análisis atemporales, rizomáticas y (pos)modernas. En la lectura desde la significación realizada en este trabajo, se relaciona Misterio bufo y La cinche con el carnaval de Mijail Bajtín, con el par semiótico/simbólico desarrollado por Julia Kristeva y con la utopía sexo-genérica planteada en la militancia de ciertos sectores del colectivo LGBTQI+
Effect of pulsed electron-beam treatment of electrodes on the electric strength of the vacuum insulation
No full textSoviet industrial production, 1928 to 1955 : real growth and hidden inflation
No full textThe mechanism of hidden inflation in Soviet industrial growth statistics between 1928 and
1950 is described. Hidden inflation arose when new products were substituted for old ones.
Substitution biases in Soviet and Western growth estimates are compared; the extent of
hidden inflation in the Soviet figures is estimated. The view that all Soviet growth series were
exaggerated is qualified; the presumption that the lower a figure, the more reliable it must be,
is overturned. The Moorsteen paradox, hidden inflation in industry as a whole, but none in
machinebuilding where product innovation was most rapid, is explained
Mechanical behavior of Ti-Ta-based surface alloy fabricated on TiNi SMA by pulsed electron-beam melting of film/substrate system
No full textThe physical-mechanical properties of the Ti-Ta based surface alloy with thickness up to ∼2 μm fabricated through the multiple (up to 20 cycles) alternation of magnetron deposition of Ti70Ta30 (at.%) thin (50 nm) films and their liquid-phase mixing with the NiTi substrate by microsecond low-energy, high current pulsed electron beam (LEHCPEB: ≤15 keV, ∼2 J/cm2) are presented. Two types of NiTi substrates (differing in the methods of melting alloys) were pretreated with LEHCPEB to improve the adhesion of thin-film coating and to protect it from local delimitation because of the surface cratering under pulsed melting. The methods used in the research include nanoindentation, transmission electron microscopy, and depth profile analysis of nanohardness, Vickers hardness, elastic modulus, depth recovery ratio, and plasticity characteristic as a function of indentation depth. For comparison, similar measurements were carried out with NiTi substrates in the initial state and after LEHCPEB pretreatment, as well as on “Ti70Ta30(1 μm) coating/NiTi substrate” system. It was shown that the upper surface layer in both NiTi substrates is the same in properties after LEHCPEB pretreatment. Our data suggest that the type of multilayer surface structure correlates with its physical-mechanical properties. For NiTi with the Ti-Ta based surface alloy ∼1 μm thick, the highest elasticity falls on the upper submicrocrystalline layer measuring ∼0.2 μm and consisting of two Ti-Ta based phases: α′′ martensite (a = 0.475 nm, b = 0.323 nm, c = 0.464 nm) and β austenite (a = 0.327 nm). Beneath the upper layer there is an amorphous sublayer followed by underlayers with coarse (>20 nm) and fine (<20 nm) average grain sizes which provide a gradual transition of the mechanical parameters to the values of the NiTi substrate
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex modulates dialectical self-thinking
No full textDialectical self-thinking involves holding the view that one can possess contradictory traits such as extraverted and introverted. Prior work has demonstrated that the dorsal part of anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a crucial role in conflict monitoring as well as self-related processing. Here we tested the function of dACC in dialectical self-thinking using a modified classical self-referential paradigm (self- vs. other-referential thinking), in which participants had to make a judgment whether a simultaneously presented pair of contradictory or non-contradictory traits properly described them while brain activity was recording using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The data showed that activity in the dACC during the processing of self-relevant conflicting information was positively correlated with participants' dispositional level of naïve dialecticism (measured with the Dialectical Self Scale). Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses further revealed increased functional connectivity between the dACC and the caudate, middle temporal gyrus and hippocampus during the processing of self-relevant conflicting information for dialectical thinkers. These results support the hypothesis that the dACC has a key role in dialectical self-thinking
