1,721,044 research outputs found
Decomposing demographic change into direct vs. compositional components
Full text linkWe present and prove a formula for decomposing change in a population average into two components. One component captures the effect of direct change in the characteristic of interest, and the other captures the effect of compositional change. The decomposition is applied to time derivatives of averages over age and over subpopulations. Examples include decomposition of the change over time in the average age at childbearing and in the general fertility rate for China, Denmark and Mexico. A decomposition of the change over time in the crude death rate in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands is also presented. Other examples concern global life expectancy and the growth rate of the population of the world.components of change, decomposition, derivatives of averages, formal demography
Changing mortality and average cohort life expectancy
Full text linkPeriod life expectancy varies with changes in mortality, and should not be confused with the life expectancy of those alive during that period. Given past and likely future mortality changes, a recent debate has arisen on the usefulness of the period life expectancy as the leading measure of survivorship. An alternative aggregate measure of period mortality which has been seen as less sensitive to period changes, the cross-sectional average length of life (CAL) has been proposed as an alternative, but has received only limited empirical or analytical examination. Here, we introduce a new measure, the average cohort life expectancy (ACLE), to provide a precise measure of the average length of life of cohorts alive at a given time. To compare the performance of ACLE with CAL and with period and cohort life expectancy, we first use population models with changing mortality. Then the four aggregate measures of mortality are calculated for England and Wales, Norway, and Switzerland for the years 1880 to 2000. CAL is found to be sensitive to past and present changes in death rates. ACLE requires the most data, but gives the best representation of the survivorship of cohorts present at a given time.cohort life expectancy, cross-sectional average length of life (CAL), life expectancy, mortality, mortality tempo, period life expectancy
APPJ
No full textAbstracts ... iv
Articles
The contribution of age-specific mortality towards male and female life expectancy differentials in India and selected States, 1970-2013 - By Vladimir Canudas-Romo, Nandita Saikia and Nadia Diamond-Smith ... 1
Demography of a Small Island Nation: Findings from the 2011 Census of Population and Housing of the Republic of Marshall Islands - By Bhakta Gubhaju, Arthur Jorari and Gerald Haberkorn ... 21
Scenarios of population change in the coastal Ganges Brahmaputra Delta (2011-2051) - By Sylvia Szabo, Dilruba Begum, Sate Ahmad, Zoe Matthews and Peter Kim Streatfield ... 5
Moving north: different factors influencing male and female mexican migration to United States
No full textMovimiento hacia el norte: los diferentes
factores que afectan la migración mexicana
femenina y masculina a Estados Unidos
Este artículo emplea análisis de sobrevivencia
para estudiar los patrones mexicanos de
migración a los Estados Unidos por motivos
laborales. El modelo se enfoca en ciertos
factores que se han distinguido previamente
como característicos de la migración laboral:
edad, responsabilidad familiar, redes
familiares, educación, estatus laboral y el año
calendario. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en
distinguir entre las características masculinas y
femeninas. Los datos utilizados provienen de la
EDER, una encuesta retrospectiva elaborada en
México. Las estimaciones muestran una
reducción en el riesgo de migrar para hombres
y mujeres debido al empleo en México y la
formación de una unión, respectivamente. La
contribución más relevante de este proyecto es
el énfasis en el cambio en el tiempo de la
influencia de los distintos factores en el riesgo
de migrar a Estados Unidos
The modal age at death and the shifting mortality hypothesis
Full text linkThe modal age at death is used to study the shifting mortality scenario experienced by low mortality countries. The relations of the life table functions at the modal age are analyzed using mortality models. In the models the modal age increases over time, but there is an asymptotic approximation towards a constant number of deaths and standard deviation from the mode. The findings are compared to the changes observed in populations with historical mortality data. During the transition period to a shifting mortality era the population becomes highly heterogeneous and the rate of improvement in mortality is highly sensitive to these changes. By focusing in the modal age at death, a new perspective on the analysis of human longevity is revealed.compression of mortality, distribution of deaths, life table modal age at death, mortality models, shifting mortality
The modal age at death and the shifting mortality hypothesis
No full textThe modal age at death is used to study the shifting mortality scenario experienced by low mortality countries. The relations of the life table functions at the modal age are analyzed using mortality models. In the models the modal age increases over time, but there is an asymptotic approximation towards a constant number of deaths and standard deviation from the mode. The findings are compared to the changes observed in populations with historical mortality data. During the transition period to a shifting mortality era the population becomes highly heterogeneous and the rate of improvement in mortality is highly sensitive to these changes. By focusing in the modal age at death, a new perspective on the analysis of human longevity is revealed
Age-specific contributions to changes in the period and cohort life expectancy
Full text linkPeriod life expectancy has increased more slowly than its cohort counterpart. This paper explores the differences between life expectancies at a given time (the gap) and the time required for period life expectancy to reach the current level of cohort life expectancy (the lag). Additionally, to understand the disparity between the two life expectancies we identify and compare age-specific contributions to change in life expectancy. Using mortality models and historical data for Sweden, we examine the effect of mortality changes over time. Our results indicate that the widening of the gap between the two life expectancies is primarily a consequence of the dramatic mortality decline at older ages that occurred during the twentieth century. These results imply that the divergence between the two measures is likely to become even greater in the future as reductions in deaths are concentrated at older ages.age-specific decomposition, cohort life expectancy, gap and lag, life expectancy, mortality models, period life expectancy
Age-specific contributions to changes in the period and cohort life expectancy
No full textPeriod life expectancy has increased more slowly than its cohort counterpart. This paper explores the differences between life expectancies at a given time (the gap) and the time required for period life expectancy to reach the current level of cohort life expectancy (the lag). Additionally, to understand the disparity between the two life expectancies we identify and compare age-specific contributions to change in life expectancy. Using mortality models and historical data for Sweden, we examine the effect of mortality changes over time. Our results indicate that the widening of the gap between the two life expectancies is primarily a consequence of the dramatic mortality decline at older ages that occurred during the twentieth century. These results imply that the divergence between the two measures is likely to become even greater in the future as reductions in deaths are concentrated at older ages
Cross-Sectional Average Length of Life by Parity: Illustration of US Cohorts of Reproductive Age in 2015
No full textThe crossover between life expectancies at birth and at age one: The imbalance in the life table
Full text linkThe single most used demographic measure to describe population health is life expectancy at birth, but life expectancies at ages other than zero are also used in the study of human longevity. Our intuition tells us that the longest life expectancy is that of a newborn. However, historically, the expectation of life at age one (e1) has exceeded the expectation of life at birth (e0). The crossover between e0 and e1 only occurred in the developed world in the second half of the twentieth century. Life tables for populations that have not achieved this crossing between life expectancy at birth and at age one are referred to here as imbalanced. This crossover occurs when infant mortality is equal to the inverse of life expectancy at age one. This simple relation between mortality at age zero and mortality after age one divides the world into countries that have achieved the crossover in life expectancies and those that have not. It is a within-population comparison of mortality at infancy and after age one. However, results of these within-population comparisons can be used for comparison between populations. For countries that have already achieved this crossing in life expectancies, the sex differential in the timing of the crossing is marked: Females attain the crossing before males for every single population and in some cases by up to 18 years earlier. However, for most developing countries, life expectancy at age one is still higher than life expectancy at birth, in some cases by several years. Subpopulation comparisons for the US show how black Americans are near to transitioning out of the imbalanced life table situation while the white population has already done so.cross-over, demographic transition, infant mortality, life expectancy, life tables
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