24 research outputs found
Bogumił Pawłowski (1898-1971) : life and work
No full textBogumił Pawłowski (1898-1971) - taxonomist, plant geographer, phytosociologist, was one of the most eminent of Polish botanists. He worked at the Jagiellonian University and the Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow. Professor Pawłowski died at the age of 73 near the top of Mount Olympus in Greece. He is an author or co-author of c. 200 publications concerning primarily floristics, taxonomy of vascular plants, plant geography, and plant sociology. He is considered one of the leading experts on European mountain plants (the Carpathians, the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula). Pawłowski described 226 taxa previously unknown to science, contributed 5 genera to the work Flora Europaea and played a major part in preparing publications on the fl ora of Poland, such as Flora polska (The Polish flora), Rośliny polskie (Polish plants), and The vegetation of Poland. In 1920s he participated in the introduction of J. Braun-Blanquet’s methodology into phytosociological studies in Poland
A Dirty Hero’s Fight for Clean Energy: Satire, Allegory, and Risk Narrative in Ian McEwan’s Solar
No full textIn contrast to most other fictional texts treating ecological crisis, Ian McEwan's Solar (2010), celebrated as "the book on climate change," does not develop an apocalyptic scenario culminating in a collective catastrophe. Instead, while on the level of discourse mocking today's rhetoric of risk, it stages the disastrous personal risk management of its protagonist by use of satire. Whereas traditionally literary descriptions of natural disasters often function as allegories for social disasters, McEwan reverses this model by employing a private disaster to foreshadow a possible global catastrophe. The story can thus be read as satiric-allegorical risk narrative. On the one hand this concept is responsible for basic misunderstandings, on the other hand for praise as "the first climate-novel by an author of world-class quality." This essay first analyzes the protagonist's explicit reckoning with risk discourse, then unveils the satirical and allegorical dimensions of his own risk management to demonstrate the novel's aesthetic originality and the potential of this new form of eco-fiction
Symboliczne wymiary tajwańskiego nacjonalizmu
No full textTHE SYMBOLIC DIMENSION OF TAIWANESE NATIONALISM
A great majority of Taiwanese people declare themselves to be Taiwanese only (61% in 2022) or Taiwanese and also Chinese (additional 31%), which gives an impression of ethnic and national unity. However, the divisive factors of (sub) ethnic grouping, language diversity and historical consciousness are still present. Taiwanese nationalism, which in its civilian form is organized around present state of Republic of China (ROC) as opposed to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). However, ROC, although de facto an independent state is not de iure a Taiwanese state, as can be seen in its national symbolism. The paper analyses this enthosymbolical dimension of Taiwanese national identity, discussing four main symbolical spheres: the memory of the 2-28 Incident; memory and idealization of the Japanese colonial period; strong presence of local languages, used alongside the official northern mandarin standard; and finally, the presence of the Aborigine people and their cultures. All these spheres are important in Taiwan symbolical space, and their importance is further strengthened by the actions of the state (public commemorations, protecting the cultural relicts of Japanese period, removing the ones connected with authoritarian regime of Chiang Kai shek etc.). However, the author remains doubtful if they have enough emotional and symbolical power to unite Taiwanese in the face of the Chinese threat. Closely related question is the future effect of the recommendations of the report of the Commision of Transitional Justice about the monuments of the KMT period, whose fate is a strongly contested issue, and which needs further research
Norwid and the Chinese problem : about the necessity of cooperation
No full textThe book by Krzysztof Andrzej Jeżewski Cyprian Kamil Norwid and the thought and poetry of the Middle Kingdom (Cyprian Kamil Norwid a myśl i poetyka Kraju Środka, Warszawa 2011) is an interdisciplinary position. It is interesting for Norwidologists and sinologists, historians of nineteenth-century literature and historians of Polish science. The review article presents problems associated with the assessment of the book. Firstly, a problem of clear understanding of what type of text one is dealing with. Secondly, a problem of research workshop; and thirdly, the method of conducting discourse. Neither the Author, nor his reviewers consulted the text with sinologists, which might have eliminated many simple mistakes and omissions; problems with this particular work therefore are a symptom of a wider issue of insufficient interdisciplinary cooperation
The Taiping in Poznań
No full textW 1854 roku na łamach „Przeglądu Poznańskiego” opublikowano artykuł zatytułowany „Tien-te i obecne powstanie w Chinach”. Był on poświęcony wielkiemu powstaniu Taipingów, które w XIX wieku ogarnęło Chiny. Ten wyjątkowy tekst, choć dziś zapomniany, stanowi unikalny przykład zainteresowania polskiej prasy wydarzeniami zagranicznymi w czasach zaborów. Przez kolejne 150 lat w Polsce nie ukazał się równie obszerny materiał na temat tej tragicznej wojny, której krwawe żniwo zostało przewyższone dopiero przez konflikty XX wieku. Po latach przechowywania w bibliotekach artykuł stał się ponownie dostępny dzięki digitalizacji, co skłoniło do jego analizy.
Książka realizuje trzy główne cele: udostępnienie czytelnikom oryginalnego tekstu źródłowego, przedstawienie historii powstania Taipingów, oraz analizę róg, którymi informacje z Chin docierały na ziemie polskie.
Pierwsza część publikacji zawiera artykuł z „Przeglądu Poznańskiego”, uwspółcześniony pod względem ortografii i interpunkcji, lecz z zachowaniem oryginalnej paginacji. Jest on wzbogacony o liczne przypisy merytoryczne, które mają ułatwić współczesnemu czytelnikowi zrozumienie kontekstu historycznego oraz skorygowanie ewentualnych nieścisłości.
Druga część książki przedstawia historię Taipingów, ich strukturę społeczną, idee polityczne i religijne. Artykuł z „Przeglądu Poznańskiego” opisuje jedynie pierwsze trzy lata powstania, w części tej opisany jest dalszy przebieg powstania, aż do jego upadku, a także jego podstawy ideologiczne i społeczne, w oparciu o późniejsze badania, oraz dokumenty i przekazy Taipingów.
Trzecia część pracy poświęcona jest analizie artykułu Tien-te – jego strukturze, źródłom oraz kwestii autorstwa. Ustalono, że tekst opiera się m.in. na francuskim dziele L’insurrection en Chine: depuis son origine jusqu’à la prise de Nankin autorstwa Josepha-Marii Callery’ego i Melchiora-Honorégo Yvana oraz jego polskiej adaptacji dokonanej przez Michała Kleczkowskiego, francuskiego dyplomaty i sinologa polskiego pochodzenia, wraz z dyskusją, dlaczego ten ostatni jest najprawdopodobniej autorem tego opracowania.In 1854, in the pages of Przegląd Poznański, a feature article ‘Tien-te and the Present Rebellion in China’ was published. It was dedicated to the Taiping great uprising that spread across China in the 19th century. This exceptional text, although forgotten today, constitutes a unique example of the Polish press interest in foreign events during the times of the partitions. For the next 150 years, no equally extensive material was published in Poland about this tragic war whose deadly toll was exceeded only by conflicts of the 20th century. The article, after being kept in libraries for many years, became again available due to digitisation, which prompted its analysis.
The book pursues three main goals: a closer look at the history of the Taiping Rebellion, providing readers with an original source text and the analysis of uprising origins and paths through which the information from China arrived in Polish lands. The first part of the publication comprises the text from Przegląd Poznański, updated for spelling and punctuation, but with maintaining the original page numbering. It is enriched with numerous substantive footnotes that are intended to facilitate the modern reader understanding of the historical context and correcting inaccuracies.
The second part of the book presents the Taiping’s history, their social structure, political and religious ideas. Taking into account that the article from Przegląd characterises only the first three years of the rebellion, the author tries to expand this information, using subsequent research, for example documents and messages of the Taiping.
The third part of the work is devoted to analysis of the article 'Tiente", its structure, sources and the question of authorship. It has been established that the text is based on, among others, the French work "L’insurrection en Chine: depuis son origine jusqu’à la prise de Nankin" by Joseph-Maria Callery and Melchior-Honoré Yvan. The section argues why it is most probable that it was Michał Kleczkowski, French diplomat and sinologist of Polish origin, who translated, recompiled the original text, added new information, becoming, in fact a "third author" of the text
Professor Alicja Zemanek – Botany Historian and Poetess, the 70th Anniversary of Her Birthday
No full textThe research was self-financed by the author
Was hat die Wahl des Jokers in der Millionenshow mit Informationskompetenz zu tun? : Das Framework der ACRL in der Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz
No full textEiner eher ergebnisorientierten Wissensvermittlung in der Schule steht der diskurshafte Charakter der Wissensentstehung und –weitergabe in der Wissenschaft gegenüber. Im Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule kommt Vorstellungen der Studienanfänger*innen über die Entstehung und Verlässlichkeit sowie über den Erwerb von Wissen besondere Bedeutung zu. Für Studierende sind sie eine wichtige Grundlage für das Verständnis von Wissenschaft und Forschung. Das Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education der Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) formuliert diese Einsichten als Schwellenkonzepte, deren Vermittlung eine konzeptuelle Veränderung bei den Lernenden hervorrufen soll. Das Framework wird im Kontext von Problemstellungen und Erkenntnissen zur Vermittlungspraxis im Hochschulkontext dargestellt und dessen Praxistauglichkeit und Nutzen für verschiedene Zielgruppen und in verschiedenen Kontexten reflektiert. Die Schwellenkonzepte werden in Beziehung zum Konzept der „epistemischen Überzeugungen“ gesetzt, die subjektives Wissen über Information und Wissen repräsentieren. Beispiele aus der Unterrichtpraxis der Autorin werden gezeigt.At school, knowledge is rather presented as secured and time-invariant; knowledge creation and transfer in science has a discourse-like quality. In the transition from school to university, the beliefs of first-year students about the creation, reliability and acquisition of knowledge are of particular importance for understanding science and research. The „Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education“ of the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) defines threshold concepts for these insights, the teaching of which is intended to bring about a conceptual change in learners. The framework is presented in the context of problems of and findings on teaching practice in the context of higher education and its practical suitability and benefits for different target groups and different contexts are reflected upon. Threshold concepts are seen as related to the concept of "epistemic beliefs", which represent subjective knowledge about information and knowledge. Examples from the author\u27s teaching practice are shown
Crafting the "Common Will." The IGC 1996 from an Austrian Perspective. IHS Political Science Series No. 52, December 1997
No full textThe paper analyses the negotiations that took place in the framework of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) 1996/97 leading to the modification and amendment of the founding treaties of the European communities. Taking the Austrian case as an example the interaction between the various actors at the national and the international level is reconstructed. The author criticises the “intergovernmental approach” to the analysis of decision making mechanisms in the EU showing that the negotiations did not follow the logic of state power and multilateral bargaining but a “logic of mutual adaptation of expectations and positions”. The IGC 1996/97 exemplifies the ongoing institutionalisation of peculiar decision making procedures and the proliferation of working methods that were developed in the various arenas of European negotiations. A key element of these methods is the importance of mediating roles like the role played by the Council presidency during the IGC. It is argued that the Amsterdam Treaty represents some sort of a “common will” rather than a diplomatic bargain between sovereign states. This is due to the particular setting of the IGC 1996/97 and organisational arrangements that undermine the boundaries between the intergovernmental and the supranational, the national and the international arena, between international and domestic negotiations, and between the national and the European interest
Władysław Szafer (1886-1970) : the classic of Polish botany
No full textWładysław Szafer - phytogeographer, palaeobotanist, and historian of botany, is one of the most celebrated Polish naturalist. He was among the founders of Polish Botanical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne - PTB) (1922), and became its honorary member. His fame was amplified not only by scientific achievements, but also by his wide social activities, popular books, textbooks, and lectures attracting large crowds. He was recognised internationally as one of the fathers of European movement for the protection of nature - obtained honorary doctorates from three universities, and honorary membership of the IUCN. W. Szafer studied at the University of Vienna, specialising in botany under direction of a known taxonomist, Richard Wettstein (1863-1931). Then he continued studies at the University of Lemberg (Lwów) attracted there by fame surrounding Marian Raciborski (1863-1917), the researcher of the flora of Poland and Java island in Indonesia. Later Szafer worked as a Professor of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and the director of Botanic Garden, and the Botanical Institute. He held these positions for almost four decades (1917-1941, 1945-1960) becoming the classic of the botany of Poland. In 1953, the Department of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences was established, headed by him (in 1986 renamed into the W. Szafer Institute of Botany PAS). In 1952, Professor Szafer organised the Department of Nature Conservation PAS, later transformed into the Institute. A brilliant scholar, authored more than 700 publications, over hundred of them scientific pertaining to: phytogeography, palaeobotany, nature protection, the history of botany, and other fields of biology. He was editor, and co-author of the collective works concerning the flora of Poland: 'Polish flora' (Flora polska), 'The vegetation of Poland' (Szata roślinna Polski), and 'Polish plants’ (Rośliny polskie) together with Stanisław Kulczyński and Bogumił Pawłowski. Owing to his efforts, the phytosociological studies began in Poland in 1923, applying the methodology of French-Swiss school of Josias Braun Blanquet (1884-1980). In 1925 (ed. 1926), the first Polish paper (by Bronisław Szafran) was published, using the method of pollen analysis developed in 1916 by a Swedish geologist Lennart von Post (1884-1951). The isopollen method, first applied by W. Szafer in 1935, has been used by palaeobotanists till the present. The 'school', a group of his scientific disciples (so-called Cracow geobotanical school) later employed in various universities and nature protection services (where now Professor Szafer’s 'grandchildren' and 'great-grandchildren' are active) is an important element of his legacy. His publications are still cited, and the thoughts, and ideas contained in them have not lost their currency
Publisher Correction: fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience
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