4,887 research outputs found
Bracteacoccus ruber Novis & Visnovsky 2012, sp. nov.
No full textBracteacoccus ruber Novis & Visnovsky, sp. nov. (Figs 2A–G) Cellulae sphaericae, 5.0–24.0(–60.0) µm latae, unicae vel in greges laxos irregulars aggregatae. Paries cellularis laevis, in cellulis immaturis <0.5 µm crassus, sed in cellulis maturis magnis usque ad 5.0 µm crassus. Chloroplasti numerosi discoideo–polygonii pyrenoidibus carentes, parietales sed interdum ad interioribus cellulae plicati. Autosporis 2–4–8–16 per sporangium regenerans. Cellulae in culturis vetustioribus in cytoplasmate praecipue quum luci valda objectata pigmentationem evolventes, imprimis in area nucleum proxime ambiente. Type:— NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610485. Cells spherical, 5.0–24.0(–60.0) µm wide, single or in loose, irregular groups. Cell wall smooth, <0.5 µm thick in young cells, but up to 5.0 µm thick in large, mature cells (Fig. 2C). Numerous discoidal–polygonal chloroplasts lacking pyrenoids, parietal but occasionally folded towards the cell interior (Fig. 2A). Reproduction through autospores, 2–4–8–16 per sporangium (Fig. 2D). Zoospores not observed. Cells in older cultures develop red pigmentation in the cytoplasm, especially immediately surrounding the nucleus and when exposed to strong light (compare Figs 2F and G). DNA sequence data for 18 S showed the species to belong to Bracteacoccus, but without close affinities (Fig. 7). Habitat:— Alpine herbfield soil. Distribution:— New Zealand. Etymology:— Referring to the red pigmentation developed by older cultures. Observations:— Data for rbc L failed to reconstruct Bracteacoccus as a clade (Fig. 9); the phylogenetic conclusions are therefore drawn from 18S data. The size and red colouration of B. ruber resemble those reported for B. minor (Chodat) Petrová 1931, but the two are not closest relatives according to DNA sequences. Fučíková et al. (2011) suggest that Bracteacoccus (Tereg 1923) and Pseudomuriella (Hanagata 1998) are morphologically cryptic genera. However, our strain of Bracteacoccus is clearly related to B. aerius (Bischoff & Bold 1963) UTEX 1250, which falls in the Bracteacoccus clade of Fučíková et al. The large cells with multilayered wall suggest B. giganteus (Bischoff & Bold 1963), but 18S rDNA sequences clearly distinguish this from B. ruber (Fig. 7). Capacity to develop the red colouration was found to diminish over time following isolation from field material, especially if the population underwent a culture cycle in liquid medium before replating on agar. A crude spectrophotometer test indicated that the pigment absorbs in the UV spectrum (data not shown). Cultures:— LCR-CG8.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39 on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/489468
Variochloris pyrenoglobularis Novis & Visnovsky 2012, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textVariochloris pyrenoglobularis Novis & Visnovsky, gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 5A–F) Cellulae quoad formam variabiles, sphaericae vel ellipsoideae vel pyriformes, 6.2–9.2 µm longae, 4.6–8.5 µm latae, cytoplasmate granulari, unicae vel in greges aggregatae. Chlorplastus viridis, cupulatus, parietalis, pyrenoidibus 1–2 per thylacoides valde circulariter flexuosae penetratis, quaeque pyrenoglobulis circumdatae. Autosporis 2–4 per sporangium regenerans. Variochloris sita per analysem per sequentias geneticas rbcL in clado valde confirmato conjunctim speciebus alpinis Stichococci novae-zelandiae, Raphidonemtae nivali ex USA atque speciebus duabus “Chlorellae”. Type:— NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610489. Cells variable in shape, spherical to ellipsoidal to pyriform, 6.2–9.2 µm long, 4.6–8.5 µm wide, with granular cytoplasm, single or in groups (Fig. 5A, B). Chloroplast green, cup-shaped, parietal, with 1–2 pyrenoids, penetrated by looped thylakoids, each surrounded by pyrenoglobuli (Figs 5E, F). Reproduction by autospores, 2–4 per sporangium (Fig. 5C). Analysis based on rbc L gene sequences placed Variochloris in a robustly supported clade with alpine species of Stichococcus from New Zealand, Raphidonema nivale Lagerheim from USA, and two “ Chlorella ” species (Fig. 9). The same phylogenetic position was established with 18 S rDNA sequences according to the Bayesian analysis, but no close matches were found with strains previously sequenced. Habitat:— Alpine herbfield soil. Distribution:— New Zealand. Etymology:— Referring to variable shape and presence of pyrenoglobuli. Observations:— Variochloris shares morphological features with Chlorella, but this generic name has priority in the Chlorellales (with the type species Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890). Pyrenoglobuli are known from taxa in other clades, such as Trebouxia (Tarhanen et al. 2000), and Heveochlorella hainangensis Zhang et al. (2008) in the Watanabea clade. Thylakoid patterns within the pyrenoid matrix in these taxa are also similar. The species of Stichococcus in the same clade as Variochloris do not have pyrenoids, and ultrastructure of this feature in Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck 1907 and C. saccharophila (Krüger) Migula 1907 appears to be unknown. The association of coccoid and non-coccoid species in this clade has been noted previously (Novis et al. 2008), and these new results confirm the polyphyly of trebouxiophycean strains referred to Stichococcus. Cultures:— LCR-CG2.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39 on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/489468
Achoma brachiatum Novis & Visnovsky 2012, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAchoma brachiatum Novis & Visnovsky, gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 4A–C) Cellulae sphaericae vel ellipsoideae, 4.6–7.7 µm longae, 3.5–7.3 µm latae. Paries cellularis nullus. Chloroplastus parietalis, cupulatus, lobis incisurisque instructus, pyrenoide unica in forma reticulata e intrusionibus thylacoidium composita in vagina amylacea segmentata includenti continens. Autosporis 2–4–8 per sporangium regenerans. Zoosporae nudae biflagellatae visae, sed sporangia non visa. Type:— NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610487. Cells single, spherical to ellipsoidal, 4.6–7.7 µm long, 3.5–7.3 µm wide. Cell wall absent (Fig. 4B). Chloroplast parietal, cup-shaped, with lobes and incisions, containing single pyrenoid (Fig. 4A) with reticulate pattern of thylakoid intrusions, surrounded by segmented starch sheath (Figs 4B, C). Reproduction by autospores, 2–4–8 per sporangium. Naked biflagellate zoospores observed, but sporangia not seen. Habitat:— Alpine herbfield soil. Distribution:— New Zealand. Etymology:— “Without a bulwark” (wall), “branched” (referring to shape of intruding thylakoids in pyrenoid matrix). Observations:— Vegetative cells often resemble chlamydomonad cells, with cup-shaped chloroplast and obvious polarity, but lack flagella (Fig. 4A). In this feature the cells resemble Chloronomala cuprecola (Groover & Bold 1969) in the Gloeodendrales (sensu Ettl & Gärtner 1995), but the latter forms palmelloid colonies. Cystomonas (Ettl & Gärtner 1987) also resembles chlamydomonad cells, but retains a papilla, and other chlorococcaleans have different chloroplast and/or cell shapes, The rbc L phylogeny (Fig. 9) rules out its placement in any of the chlamydomonad clades known to date. Pyrenoid structure, with branched/reticulate thylakoids inside the matrix, is reminiscent of the structure found in pyrenoids of Hamakko caudatus Nakada & Nozaki 2009. Although no robust splits separate these two species in our rbc L phylogeny, there is also no indication that the two species are close relatives, and relationships in this part of the tree were not resolved. Attempts to amplify the 18S rDNA gene from Achoma were unsuccessful; this could provide more information on the phylogenetic position of the genus. Cultures:— LCR-CG11.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39 on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/489468
Chlamydomonas palmellomoewusii Novis & Visnovsky 2012, sp. nov.
No full textChlamydomonas palmellomoewusii Novis & Visnovsky, sp. nov. (Figs 1A–D) Cellulae juvenes ellipsoideo-cylindricae, 10.8–11.6 µm longae, 4.6–5.8 µm latae, flagellis 2 circa aequilongis praeditae. Papilla bimamillata, ex apice cellulari subexcentrica. Aetate cellulae maiores, ellipsoideae, papillas flagellaque amittentes. Cellulae maturae in cultura liquida crescentes usque ad 13.1 µm longae, 10.8 µm latae; in agaro, in statu palmelloideo usque 18.0 µm longae, 15.4 µm latae attingentes. Chloroplastus viridis, parietalis, cupulatus, incisuris numerosis praeditus, pyrenoide unica centraliter posita, intrusiones irregulares multiplices e membranis thylacoidium compositae eae lamellis amylaceis circumdatae continens. Vacuolae apicales contractiles duae. Stigma ellipsoideum, in parte cellulae 1/3 apicali situm. Zoosporis 2–4–8 per sporangium regenerans. Type:— NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610484. Young cells ellipsoidal–cylindrical, 10.8–11.6 µm long, 4.6–5.8 µm wide, with 2 flagella of approximately equal length. Papilla bimammillate, slightly offset from cell apex. Cells becoming larger and ellipsoidal with age, with papilla and flagella being lost (Fig. 1A). Mature cells in liquid culture up to 13.1 µm long, 10.8 µm wide; on agar, up to 18.0 µm long, 15.4 µm wide in palmelloid state (Fig. 1B). Chloroplast green, parietal, cup-shaped with numerous incisions, with single, centrally located pyrenoid, containing multiple irregular intrusions of thylakoid membranes and surrounded by starch plates (Fig. 1C, D). Two apical contractile vacuoles. Stigma ellipsoidal, located in apical third of cell (Fig. 1A). Reproduction by zoospores, 2–4–8(–16) per sporangium (Fig. 1B). DNA sequence data for both 18 S (Fig. 7) and rbc L (Fig. 9) show that C. palmellomoewusii belongs to the Moewusii clade. Habitat:— Alpine herbfield soil. Distribution:— New Zealand. Etymology:— Reflecting the strong resemblance of the species to the related C. moewusii Gerloff 1940, and occurring predominantly in a palmelloid form in culture. Observations:— Data for the rbc L gene (Fig. 9) show that this species is quite distinct from C. pseudogloeogama, previously found on Mt Philistine (Novis et al. 2008); the two are not sister species. They also differ in size, length:width ratio, papilla structure, and in the more cylindrical shape of the young cells in C. palmellomoewusii. In this respect, and in papilla structure, cell size, and pyrenoid location, the new species strongly resembles C. moewusii; in the absence of molecular data, the specimens would likely have been assigned to this species. Morphology of the pyrenoid is characteristic of the Moewusii clade. According to traditional classification, this strain would belong in section Chlamydella (Ettl 1983), due to its single lateral pyrenoid in a cup-shaped chloroplast. Within this section it is closest to C. gymnogama (Deason 1967), which also has numerous incisions in the chloroplast. C. gymnogama is regarded as a synonym of Lobochlamys segnis (Pröschold et al. 2001), which 18S sequences show to differ from C. palmellomoewusii. Cultures:— LCR-CG1, LCR-CG4.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39 on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/489468
Elliptochloris philistinensis Novis & Visnovsky 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Elliptochloris philistinensis</i> Novis & Visnovsky, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs 6A–B) <p> <i>Cellulae juvenes cylindrico-ellipsoidales, 6.2–7.7 µm longae, 3.1–4.6 µm latae, aetate ellipsoideae vel sphaericae, usque ad 8.5 µm latae, unicae vel in greges aggregatae, cytoplasma vesiculis tribus vel pluribus instructa (ut videtur materiam lipidicam includentibus) continentes. Paries cellularis tenuis laevisque. Chloroplastus viridis, parietalis, cupulatus, pyrenoidem unicam per vagina valde segmentata amylacea circumdatam continens. Matrix pyrenoidis thylacoidibus pluribus penetrata sed forma non distincta. Autosporis 2–4 per sporangium regenerans.</i></p> <p> <b>Type:—</b> NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610490.</p> <p> Young cells cylindrical–ellipsoidal, 6.2–7.7 µm long, 3.1–4.6 µm wide, becoming ellipsoidal to spherical with age, up to 8.5 µm wide, singly or in groups, containing 3–numerous vesicles in cytoplasm (thought to contain lipid; Fig. 5A). Cell wall thin and smooth. Chloroplast green, parietal, cup-shaped, with single pyrenoid surrounded by highly segmented starch sheath (Fig. 5B). Pyrenoid matrix penetrated by several thylakoids, but pattern indistinct. Reproduction by autospores, 2–4 per sporangium. Sequence data for the 18S rDNA gene placed <i>E. philistinensis</i> robustly in a clade of <i>Elliptochloris</i> species, but separated from others by a moderately long branch emerging at the first node (Fig. 8).</p> <p> <b>Habitat:—</b> Alpine herbfield soil.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:—</b> New Zealand.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> Referring to Mt Philistine, the site of collection.</p> <p> <b>Observations:—</b> <i>Elliptochloris</i> represents a well-defined genus in the Trebouxiophyceae. The pyrenoid of <i>E. marina</i> Letsch <i>et al.</i> 2009 is described as a “thylakoid free region” in the chloroplast, and appears similar to our observations. One other species, <i>E. subsphaerica</i> (Reisigl) Ettl & Gärtner (1995) has a pyrenoid, but this is clearly distinguished from <i>E. philistinensis</i> by young cells that are frequently curved, and by molecular data (Fig. 8).</p> <p> <b>Cultures:—</b> LCR-CG5.</p>Published as part of <i>Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39</i> on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4894684">http://zenodo.org/record/4894684</a>
Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Cyanobacteria
No full textNovis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2011): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Cyanobacteria. Phytotaxa 22 (1): 1-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.22.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.22.1.
Schizochlamydella orbicularis Novis & Visnovsky 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Schizochlamydella orbicularis</i> Novis & Visnovsky, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs 4D–E) <p> <i>Cellulae sphaericae vel subsphaericae, 3.1–6.1 µm latae. Paries cellularis tenuis laevisque. Chloroplastus viridis, parietalis, lobatus, in cellulis valentibus incisuris 2–4 instructus. Pyrenoides nulla. Cellulae coloniales, mucilaginae maturae per matricem mucilaginis achromaticam instratosam uniformiter aequidistantes. Autosporis 2–4–8 per sporangium regenerans, eae per expansionem matricis gradatim separantes.</i></p> <p> <b>Type:—</b> NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610488.</p> <p> Cells colonial, spherical or near-spherical, 3.1–6.1 µm wide. Cell wall thin and smooth. Chloroplast green, parietal, lobed, with 2–4 incisions in healthy cells. Pyrenoid absent (Fig. 4E). Colonies mucilaginous, mature cells spaced evenly through colourless, unlayered mucilage matrix (Fig. 4A). Reproduction by autospores, 2–4–8 per sporangium, gradually separating through expansion of mucilage matrix (Fig. 4A). Sequence data for both the <i>rbc</i> L and 18S rDNA genes suggested that the species formed a novel lineage in the Trebouxiophyceae, with no clear affinities (Figs 8, 9).</p> <p> <b>Habitat:—</b> Alpine herbfield soil.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:—</b> New Zealand.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> “Spherical shaped”, referring to the cell.</p> <p> <b>Observations:—</b> The morphology of this species—mucilaginous colonies, lack of pyrenoids and zoospores—suggests an affinity with <i>Coccomyxa</i>, yet <i>S. orbicularis</i> is clearly a distant relative of species in the <i>Coccomyxa</i> clades. More discussion of these clades is given in remarks on <i>Pseudococcomyxa simplex</i> (below). The colonial mucilaginous habit lacking zoospores accords with the Radiococcaceae <i>sensu</i> Ettl & Gärtner (1995). Of the genera therein, the New Zealand strain most closely matches <i>Schizochlamydella</i> Korshikov (1953), with cells irregularly dispersed in homogeneous mucilage. Only one other species of <i>Schizochlamydella</i> lacks a pyrenoid, namely <i>S. minutissima</i> Broady (1982). However, this species is slightly smaller than our strain, with ellipsoidal juvenile cells. One species has previously received attention at the molecular level (Wolf <i>et al.</i> 2003): <i>Schizochlamydella capsulata</i> (Watanabe 1977). This strain is distinguished from our material by containing one or more pyrenoids, and is placed in the Oocystaceae using 18S rDNA sequences (Wolf <i>et al.</i> 2003), not closely related to <i>S. orbicularis</i> (Fig. 8). Given the paucity of characters available to classify these species, it is not surprising that morphology does not reflect phylogeny. Typification in the genus <i>Schizochlamydella</i> is problematic, however. The type species of the genus, <i>S. delicatula</i> (West) Korshikov (1953) was transferred to the chrysophycean genus <i>Phaeoschizochlamys</i> Lemmerman (1898) by Bourrelly (1957). However, this transfer was made without pigment or molecular analyses; we regard the choice of <i>Schizochlamys</i> for our material as prudent until the phylogenetic placement of the type species is clearly established.</p> <p> <b>Cultures:—</b> LCR-CG9.</p>Published as part of <i>Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39</i> on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4894684">http://zenodo.org/record/4894684</a>
Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus Novis & Visnovsky 2012, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textCryptodesmus ellipsoideus Novis & Visnovsky, gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 3A–F) Cellulae ellipsoideae vel subirregulares, 6.2–9.2 µm longae, 4.6–8.5 µm latae, unicae vel in greges aggregatae. Paries cellularis in LM patefactus laevis, tenuisque. Chloroplastus cupulatus, parietalis, pyrenoide unica prominenti per membranas thylakoidium unicas vel plures transversa atque in vagina amylacea segmentata e partibus duabus vel pluribus composita includenti. Parietes cellulares in TEM praecipue in cellulis dividentibus plicis irregularibus convolutis instructi, imprimis in stratis exterioribus. Autosporis 2–4–8(–16) per sporangium, saepe arcte contiguis, regenerans; cellulae reliquae matricales saepe intra cellulas cultas visae. Type:— NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR610486. Cells ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 6.2–9.2 µm long, 4.6–8.5 µm wide, single or in groups. Cell wall appearing smooth and thin in LM. Chloroplast cup-shaped, parietal, with single prominent pyrenoid traversed by one (–several) thylakoid membranes and encased in a segmented starch sheath of two (–several) parts (Fig. 3E). Cell walls appear layered in TEM, especially in dividing cells, with irregular convoluted folds, especially in outer layers (Fig. 3F). Reproduction by autospores, 2–4–8(–16) per sporangium (Fig. 3B), often tightly packed; remnant mother cell walls frequently seen among cultured cells (Fig. 3C). Very small protruberances are visible on the cell wall by TEM (Fig 3E). DNA sequence data for the 18S gene suggest that this new genus represents a sister lineage to the clade formed by the genera Acutodesmus, Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus, Neodesmus, Pectinodesmus, Comasiella, and Coelastrum (Fig. 7). Habitat:— Alpine herbfield soil. Distribution:— New Zealand. Etymology:— Referring to the relationship of this species with morphologically distinctive members of the genus Scenedesmus. Observations:— Sequence data for rbc L were not obtained; amplified bands were 1 Kb larger than the standard size for the fragment, indicating the presence of a large intron and impeding sequencing. Of particular interest, given the phylogenetic position of Cryptodesmus, are morphological features that might be homologous to more developed forms in Scenedesmus -like species (wall ornamentation, spines, coenobial colonies). A starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid is found in Scenedesmus, but the morphology of the sheath and penetrating thylakoid described here is also very similar to that of Heterochlorella luteoviridis Neustupa et al. 2009, a species placed unambiguously in the Watanabea clade, Trebouxiophyceae. It is also similar to that of Stichococcus jenerensis Neustupa et al. 2007, placed in the Prasiola clade, also in the Trebouxiophyceae. Pyrenoid morphology is therefore unhelpful. Scenedesmus species generally possess ornamented cell walls, and the walls of Cryptodesmus display an unusual layered structure, with slight evidence of thickenings resembling the processes sometimes found in Scenedesmus (Fig. 3E). It is possible that these features share a common evolutionary origin. The dividing cells of Cryptodesmus are no more reminiscent of coenobial division than those of many other coccoid genera. At least two globose–coccoid forms of Scenedesmus (S. rotundus Lewis & Flechtner 2004 and Hylodesmus singaporensis Eliás et al. 2010 are already known (Fig. 7)). Perhaps tellingly, these species with greatly reduced ornamentation are not found in fully aquatic habitats: S. rotundus was isolated from microbiotic crusts, and H. singaporensis from rotting wood. It is therefore possible that desiccation tolerance, and perhaps a reduced risk of predation, leads to the lack of the more spectacular ornamentations typical of Scenedesmus. The inclusion of two species of Coelastrum in the Scenedesmus clade, separated from Cryptodesmus, suggests that evolution of the features typical of Scenedesmus postdates the divergence between Scenedesmus and Cryptodesmus, and this may be resolved further if more diversity within a Cryptodesmus clade can be discovered. Other species exist with similar internal structure, such as Pseudochlorococcum polymorphum (Archibald 1970), but these lack the external irregularities. In coccoids with external irregularities, such as Glochiococcus aciculiferus (Silva 1996), Pseudotrochiscia (Vinatzer 1975), and Trochisciopsis (Vinatzer 1975), the protrusions are far more pronounced than in Cryptodesmus. Cultures:— LCR-CG7.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/489468
FIGURE 4 in Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Cyanobacteria
No full textFIGURE 4. Godleya alpina Novis & Visnovsky (photographed from cultures LCR-CYTOL and LCR-CY2). A–M light micrographs, N transmission electron micrograph, A. Typical tapered, curved, isopolar trichomes; heterocytes are lacking in 10% BG-11 medium. B. False branching sometimes results in more than two emergent branches (arrows). C. Tolypothrix-like false branching (arrow indicates base of false branch). D. Scytonematoid false branching, especially common in older cultures. E. Culturing on distilled water agar results in development of intercalary heterocytes (h) with two thickened poles. F. Adjacent intercalary heterocytes occur prior to trichome division (arrow). G. Trichomes as a whole are seldom straight around the tapered central region. H. Trichome ends are usually straight and untapered. I. Loop formation (arrow) precedes scytonematoid-type branching. J–M. Hormogone development is strictly isopolar. N. Cells in longitudinal section showing sheath (s) and peripheral thylakoid membranes (tm), which are widened. Scales: 50 µm in B (use for A–M), 1 µm in N.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2011, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Cyanobacteria, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 22 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.22.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/477668
FIGURE 4. A–C in Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta
No full textFIGURE 4. A–C. Achoma brachiatum (photographed from culture LCR-CG11). A. Light micrograph of vegetative cells showing variable shape, prominent pyrenoid (pyr), and incised parietal chloroplast (cp). B, C, Transmission electron micrographs of zoospore showing mitochondria (mito), chloroplast containing starch (st) and prominent pyrenoid (pyr), components of flagellar basal apparatus (fba), absence of cell wall, and branching pattern of thylakoids (tm) in the pyrenoid matrix. D, E Schizochlamydella orbicularis (photographed from culture LCR-CG9). D. Light micrograph of mature cells evenly spaced in mucilage, and newly released autospores (arrow). E. Transmission electron micrograph of cell showing mitochondrion (mito), nucleus (nuc) cell wall (cw), and parietal chloroplast containing starch (st) but no pyrenoid. Scales: 10 µm in D (use for A and D), 1 µm in B, C, and E.Published as part of Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel, 2012, Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta, pp. 1-30 in Phytotaxa 39 on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/489468
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