169,834 research outputs found
Effetto dell’uso del sistema buffer strips sul ruscellamento dei fitofarmaci
No full textCD a cura di C. Vischetti e A. Esposit
Bioremediation and Soil Fertility Study: Effects of Vermiremediation on Soil Contaminated by Chlorpyrifos
No full textfirst_page settings Order Article Reprints Open AccessArticle A Bioremediation and Soil Fertility Study: Effects of Vermiremediation on Soil Contaminated by Chlorpyrifos by Francesca Tagliabue 1,†, Enrica Marini 1,†, Arianna De Bernardi 1,* [ORCID] , Costantino Vischetti 1,* [ORCID] , Gianluca Brunetti 1,2 [ORCID] and Cristiano Casucci 1 [ORCID] 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy 2 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. † These authors contributed equally to this work. Environments 2025, 12(5), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12050136 Submission received: 27 February 2025 / Revised: 28 March 2025 / Accepted: 20 April 2025 / Published: 24 April 2025 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Soil Contamination and Remediation) Download keyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Although the broad-spectrum pesticide chlorpyrifos (CP) was banned in many developed countries, it is still widely used in developing countries. Its residues persist in the environment for unpredictable times. CP is toxic to various non-target organisms and humans and inhibits soil enzyme activity and bacterial and fungal abundance. This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of vermiremediation on soil chlorpyrifos content and soil fertility. The application of Eisenia fetida or vermicompost was studied in terms of soil chlorpyrifos concentration, microbial biomass content, and enzymatic activities in a 120-day trial. Pesticide application rates were 0, 25, and 50 ppm. The CP did not affect the earthworm survival rate at the tested doses. The earthworms markedly increased microbial biomass carbon and the activity of β-glucosamminidase, while the vermicompost had a noticeably positive effect mainly on alkaline phosphatase activity. Finally, although the vermiremediation techniques studied did not perform a bioremediation activity, they proved effective in improving the biological fertility of the soil in the presence of high concentrations of chlorpyrifos
Changes in physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of soil following addition of wood ash: A field experiment
No full textHere we have investigated the effects of the addition of two different wood ash sizes at two different doses (5 and 20 t/ha) on the physicochemical, microbiological and biochemical properties in the surface soil (0–30 cm) of an Italian agricultural system. Over 24 months, the pH, electrical conductivity, soil microbial biomass-C and -N, and total hydrolytic activity were periodically tested, together with alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and o-diphenoloxidase activities. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to consider the effects of sampling time and wood
ash addition on the parameters tested and to reveal possible interactions between the two variables. For electrical conductivity, pH, soil microbial biomass-C and total hydrolytic activity the ANOVA showed a significant ‘wood ash type× sampling time’ interaction, while no interaction was found for the other enzymatic activities. Significant increases in pH and in electrical conductivity were seen over the first months in all of the treated samples, which were more pronounced at the higher dose. Decreases in microbial biomass-C and changes in the microbial C/N ratios were
seen for all of the treatments, which were more pronounced at the higher dose. Increases in soil microbial activity were seen over the first 8 months. The alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities were significantly inhibited for the first 4 months of soil treatment. The significant increases seen in o-diphenoloxidase activity over the first 8 months under all of the treatments appear to be related to the increases in electrical conductivity. After 12 months, the levels of all of the parameters tested in the treated soils returned to the levels of the untreated soils indicating that the disposal of up to 20 t/ha of wood ash per year in Italian agricultural soil does not result in long-term changes in any of these parameters
Metabolismo degli acidi grassi
No full textIl volume, promosso dalla Società Italiana di Chimica Agraria, rappresenta l’opportunità di offrire agli studenti, in particolare dei corsi di studio triennali dell’area agraria e forestale, uno strumento didattico capace di fornire le basi necessarie per la comprensione delle trasformazioni biochimiche che la materia subisce all’interno degli organismi viventi, delle relazioni tra queste trasformazioni e gli aspetti quali-quantitativi e tecnologici delle produzioni agrarie. Le trasformazioni biochimiche: la catalisi enzimatica - vista d’insieme del metabolismo cellulare - le membrane biologiche e il trasporto di soluti - il metabolismo glucidico: i carboidrati - la glicolisi - il ciclo di Krebs e la fosforilazione ossidativa - la fotosintesi: la conversione dell’energia luminosa in energia chimica - utilizzo dell’energia e biosintesi dei carboidrati - il metabolismo lipidico: i lipidi - metabolismo degli acidi grassi - il metabolismo azotato: acquisizione e assimilazione dell’azoto - i nucleotidi e gli acidi nucleici: aspetti strutturali e funzionali degli acidi nucleici - la sintesi delle proteine - I metaboliti secondari delle piante: ruolo dei metaboliti secondari nelle piante - la nutrizione minerale delle piante e i rapporti con il suolo: i principi della nutrizione delle piante e il sistema suolo-pianta - indice analitico
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