85 research outputs found
Comparison of FGM prevalence among Nigerian women aged 15-49 years using two household surveys conducted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textBackground: Due to its economic burden and change of focus, there is no gainsaying of the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the progress of several female genital mutilation (FGM) interventions across the various countries. However, the magnitude of the potential changes in likelihood and prevalence should be more accurately explored and quantified using a statistically robust comparative study. In this study, we examined the differences in the likelihood and prevalence of FGM among 15-49 years old women before and after the pandemic in Nigeria. Methods: We used advanced Bayesian hierarchical models to analyse post-COVID-19 datasets provided by the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS 2021) and pre-COVID-19 data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS 2018). Results: Results indicated that although there was an overall decline in FGM prevalence nationally, heterogeneities exist at state level and at individual-/community-level characteristics. There was a 6.9% increase in prevalence among women who would like FGM to continue within the community. FGM prevalence increased by 18.9% in Nasarawa, while in Kaduna there was nearly 40% decrease. Conclusions: Results show that FGM is still a social norm issue in Nigeria and that it may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods, data and outputs from this study would serve to provide accurate statistical evidence required by policymakers for complete eradication of FGM.</p
A robust cross-sectional assessment of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of female genital mutilation among 0 - 14 years old girls in Nigeria
No full textBackground: female genital mutilation (FGM) is a human rights violation that still affects more than 3 million girls aged 0-14 years each year. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2030 agenda, efforts have been made at the local, national and international levels to end the practice by the year 2030. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic may have reversed the progress made due to increased rates of early marriage of girls, violence against children and school closures during lockdowns. Although some surveys have examined changes in FGM prevalence over the COVID-19 period, changes at the national and sub-national levels among 0-14 years old girls have not been quantified. Objectives: this study aimed to understand the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the likelihood of FGM among girls aged 0-14 years, and whether it affected progress towards the elimination of FGM. Design: we used Bayesian hierarchical regression models implemented within the integrated nested Laplace Approximations (INLA) frameworks.Methods: we modelled the likelihood and prevalence of FGM among girls aged 0-14 years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, with respect to individual and community-level characteristics, using Bayesian hierarchical models. We used the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey as the pre-COVID-19 period and the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey as the post-COVID-19 period. Results: at the state level, FGM prevalence varied geographically and increased by 23% and 27% in the northwestern states of Katsina and Kana respectively. There were 11% increase in Kwara and 14% increase in Oyo. However, at the national level the prevalence of FGM was found to decrease from 19.5% to 12.3% between 2018 and 2021. Cultural factors were identified as the key drivers of FGM among 0-14 years old girls in Nigeria. The changes in the likelihood of girls undergoing FGM across the two time periods also varied across ethnic and religious groups following COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: our findings highlight that FGM is still a social norm in some states/regions and groups in Nigeria, thereby highlighting the need for a continued but accelerated FGM interventions throughout the country.<br/
Pleijel’s Theorem for Schrödinger Operators
Get PDFWe are concerned in this paper with the real eigenfunctions of Schrödinger operators.We prove an asymptotic upper bound for the number of their nodal domains, which implies in particular that the inequality stated in Courant’s theorem is strict, except for finitely many eigenvalues. Results of this type originated in 1956 with Pleijel’s theorem on the Dirichlet Laplacian and were obtained for some classes of Schrödinger operators by the first author, alone and in collaboration with B. Helffer and T. Hoffmann-Ostenhof. Using methods in part inspired by work of the second author on Neumann and Robin Laplacians, we greatly extend the scope of these previous results
Asymptotic behavior of generalized capacities with applications to eigenvalue perturbations: The higher dimensional case
Get PDFWe provide a full series expansion of a generalization of the so-called u-capacity related to the Dirichlet-Laplacian in dimension three and higher, extending the results of Abatangelo et al. (2021); Abatangelo, Lena and Musolino (2022) dealing with the planar case. We apply the result in order to study the asymptotic behavior of perturbed eigenvalues when Dirichlet conditions are imposed on a small regular subset of the domain of the eigenvalue problem. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
A robust cross-sectional assessment of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of female genital mutilation among 0–14 years old girls in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a human rights violation that still affects more than 3 million girls aged 0–14 years each year. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2030 agenda, efforts have been made at the local, national and international levels to end the practice by the year 2030. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic may have reversed the progress made due to increased rates of early marriage of girls, violence against children and school closures during lockdowns. Although some surveys have examined changes in FGM prevalence over the COVID-19 period, changes at the national and sub-national levels among 0–14 years old girls have not been quantified. Objectives: This study aimed to understand the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the likelihood of FGM among girls aged 0–14 years, and whether it affected progress towards the elimination of FGM. Design: We used Bayesian hierarchical regression models implemented within the integrated nested Laplace approximations frameworks. Methods: We modelled the likelihood and prevalence of FGM among girls aged 0–14 years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, with respect to individual- and community-level characteristics, using Bayesian hierarchical models. We used the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey as the pre-COVID-19 period and the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey as the post-COVID-19 period. Results: At the state level, FGM prevalence varied geographically and increased by 23% and 27% in the northwestern states of Katsina and Kana, respectively. There were 11% increase in Kwara and 14% increase in Oyo. However, at the national level, the prevalence of FGM was found to decrease from 19.5% to 12.3% between 2018 and 2021. Cultural factors were identified as the key drivers of FGM among 0–14 years old girls in Nigeria. The changes in the likelihood of girls undergoing FGM across the two time periods also varied across ethnic and religious groups following COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that FGM is still a social norm in some states/regions and groups in Nigeria, thereby highlighting the need for a continued but accelerated FGM interventions throughout the country
Geometric bounds for the magnetic Neumann eigenvalues in the plane
Get PDFWe consider the eigenvalues of the magnetic Laplacian on a bounded domain Omega of R-2 with uniform magnetic field beta > 0 and magnetic Neumann boundary conditions. We find upper and lower bounds for the ground state energy lambda(1) and we provide semiclassical estimates in the spirit of Kroger for the first Riesz mean of the eigenvalues. We also discuss upper bounds for the first eigenvalue for non-constant magnetic fields beta = beta(x) on a simply connected domain in a Riemannian surface. In particular: we prove the upper bound lambda(1) infinity and consists of the semiclassical limit 2 pi k/ |Omega| plus an oscillating term.We also construct several examples, showing the importance of the topology: in particular we show that an arbitrarily small tubular neighborhood of a generic simple closed curve has lowest eigenvalue bounded away from zero, contrary to the case of a simply connected domain of small area, for which lambda(1) is always small.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/)
Subordonnées conditionnelles en Quechua Cochabambino
No full textThis record deals with the if-clauses in Quechua Cochabambino. This elicitation aims at elaborating a typology of these clauses.Cet enregistrement traite des subordonnées conditionnelles en Quechua Cochabambino. Il s'agit d'une élicitation cherchant à élaborer une typologie des conditionnelles dans cette langue
Wilfried Ligner et Julie Pagis, L’enfance de l’ordre, Comment les enfants perçoivent le monde social
No full text« Comment les enfants parviennent-ils, au fil de leur vie quotidienne, à appréhender l’ordre social, à s’y orienter, à classer et à se classer socialement ? » C’est à cette question que cet ouvrage, qui présente les résultats d’une enquête ethnographique dans deux écoles primaires parisiennes, se propose de répondre. D’emblée, on peut noter une visée double dans cette interrogation : d’une part, une étude empirique de sociologie de l’enfance, qui cherche à comprendre une population ; d’autre ..
Fin de l'histoire et légitimité du Droit dans l'œuvre de F. A. von Hayek
No full textThe end of history and the legitimacy of law in F. A. von Hayek's writings
The evolutionary theory off. A. von Hayek attempts to provide both an explanation of the production of rules (legal and other) of society and a justification of their legitimacy. Contrary to what many commentators say, that theory takes excellent care of the first job, subtly bypassing the respective traps of determinism and historicism. It fails, however, in the second job. According to Hayek, the process of selection cannot rest on any type of transcendental criterion, but the rules produced seem to result in a crystallization of certain principles inherent in liberalism and democracy, and these principles are no longer apt to change. It cannot be denied then that the undesired and unrecognized consequence of this theory means that these principles lead to the final point of this evolutionary logic. In the legal field, the history of the West is supposed to have come to an end : as far as principles are concerned, progress can no longer be achieved in the normative system. Only the formulation of these intangible principles - through new rules - could be indefinitely revised following changes (scientific, technical, political, social or other) affecting our society.La théorie evolutionniste de von Hayek entend fournir tout la fois une explication de la production des règles juridiques et autres de la société et une justification de leur légitimité. Contrairement ce affirment beaucoup de commentateurs la théorie visée acquitte remarquablement de la première tâche évitant subtilement les écueils respectifs du détermi nisme et de historicisme. Elle échoue par contre dans la seconde. Le processus de sélection ne peut reposer selon Hayek sur aucune espèce de critère transcendantal mais les règles pro duites semblent aboutir la cristallisation de certains principes inhérents au libéralisme et la démocratie lesquels principes ne sont plus susceptibles évoluer. Force est dès lors de cons tater que la conséquence non voulue et même non reconnue de cette théorie revient soutenir que ces principes constituent le point aboutissement de la logique évolutive. En ce qui concerne le domaine juridique histoire de Occident serait donc arrivé un terme au niveau principiel le système normatif ne serait plus susceptible de progrès. Seule la formula tion de ces principes intangibles via des règles nouvelles serait indéfiniment révisable au rythme des modifications scientifiques techniques politiques sociales ou autres affectant notre société.De Salle Corentin. Fin de l'histoire et légitimité du Droit dans l'œuvre de F. A. von Hayek. In: Revue française de science politique, 53ᵉ année, n°1, 2003. pp. 127-166
Fables d'Ésope 2: Les Hommes
No full textThis is a tight little book, 6 x 7¾. It contains eighty-six of Aesop's fables drawn from either Chambry's 1927 translation or a version done by Hachette in 1913 without attribution to an author. To go with those texts there are eleven full-page illustrations noted on 85 and a number of other designs along the way. Six of the full-page illustrations are colored. For an inexpensive edition, this book does a good job with the art! There is a T of C at the back. I am not sure that I have ever seen Aesop's work divided into animals and people before this! See the companion volume on animals.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)This book has a dust jacket (book cover)Language note: FrenchOriginal language: greTraduction, introduction et notes par Daniel Loayz
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