139 research outputs found
Dyscritobaeus comitans Tortorici, Caleca, Noort & Masner, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textcomitans -group This group includes species without a preoccipital lunula. In the Afrotropical region we recorded two species: Dyscritobaeus. comitans and D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Based on an analysis of the description and figures of Dyscritobaeus indicus (Mukerjee, 1994), in contrast to Mineo et al. (2010) and O’Connor & Ashe (2011), both of whom included this species in the orientalis -group, we consider it as belonging to the comitans -group, because of the clear absence of a preoccipital lunula. This species appears to be morphologically very similar to D. comitans, but unfortunately the holotype was not located in the collection of the Department of Zoology, Government Post-Graduate College, Rishikesh or in ZSI centre of Dehradun, India (K. Rajmohana, in litteris); the only difference with D. comitans is the absence of a specillum on T2. This feature was only recently observed and described (Mineo & Caleca 1992) and we suspect that, as previously happened for D. orientalis in Dodd’s original description (1915), the specillum was overlooked by the author and T2 was described as striate.Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26163
Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
No full textA revision of Afrotropical species of Dyscritobaeus Perkins is presented with re-description of the four known species (D. bicolor O’Connor et Ashe, D. comitans Perkins, D. parvipennis (Dodd) and D. sulawensis Mineo, O’Connor et Ashe) and description of six new species (D. antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. and D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov.). Dyscritobaeus cerosus is considered to be a junior synonym of D. comitans, D. hannibal is considered to be a junior synonym of D. sulawensis and D. maputanus is a junior synonym of D. parvipennis; so far these species are the only three Dyscritobaeus species that are widely distributed across four zoogeographical regions: Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Palearctic. Dyscritobaeus comitans and D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. belong to the comitans-group, the other eight species belong to the orientalis-group. Dyscritobaeus anta- nanarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. and D. sulawensis are morpho- logically similar to D. orientalis bearing the specillum on T2; D. bicolor, D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., are morphologically similar to D. parvipennis; D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. shares the lack of a protruding metascutellum together with D. aspinosus Mineo, O’Connor et Ashe. Dyscritobaeus species are sexually dimorphic, particularly in the following features: the anterior and posterior fringes of the fore wing are longer in the female than in the male; the odontoid process, when present in females, is less developed or absent in the corresponding males; the specillum, when present in females, is less defined and smaller or absent in the corresponding males; the sculpture of the head is more evident in males than in females; and the first and second tergites are frequently lighter in males than in females
FIGURES 18–27 in Description of Dryocosmus destefanii new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Quercus suber L. in Italy
No full textFIGURES 18–27. Dryocosmus destefanii new species, asexual female: 18, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 19, Magnification of the metascutellum and propodeum (postero-ventral view); 20, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view; 21, forewing; 22, metasoma (lateral view); 23, ventral spine of hypopygium, ventral view; 24, ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view; 25, fore tarsus and protibial spur; 26, mid tarsus and mid tibial spur; 27, hind tarsus and hind tibial spur.Published as part of Cerasa, Giuliano, Verde, Gabriella Lo, Caleca, Virgilio, Massa, Bruno, Nicholls, James A. & Melika, George, 2018, Description of Dryocosmus destefanii new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Quercus suber L. in Italy, pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/114734
Il controllo degli insetti fitofagi nell'olivicoltura biologica.
No full textPuntuali strategie di controllo, campionamenti personalizzati e maggiore consapevolezza entomologica, insita nell’approccio del coltivatore biologico, consentono ottimi risultati quali-quantitativi ed economici nella difesa fitosanitaria in olivicoltura “organica” e in qualsiasi area olivicola italiana. Le minori spese fitosanitarie rispetto all’olivicoltura convenzionale inducono un sempre maggior numero di produttori alla conversione verso il bio. Gli autori illustrano le metodologie ammesse e consigliabili in regime di agricoltura biologica, per il controllo dei principali insetti fitofagi del olivo nel Mediterraneo, con particolare riferimento alla mosca delle oilve, Bactrocera oleae, e alla tignola dell'olivo, Prays oleae.Timely control strategies, customized sampling on plant organs and greater entomological awareness, inherent in the approach of the organic grower, allow qualitative and quantitative results in organic olive growing, and in any Italian olive growing area. The smaller expenses of defense against pests than conventional olive growing induce an increasing number of producers to convert to the organic rules. The authors illustrate the permitted and recommended methods for organic farming regime for the control of major insect pests of the olive tree in the Mediterranean, with particular address to the oilve fly, Bactrocera oleae, and the olive moth, Prays oleae
Dyscritobaeus tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca, sp. nov.
No full textDyscritobaeus tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 30, 40f, 106, 107, 108) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15CB2DAA-B68A-4C5F-A9C5-652483D9B4E6 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410572 Diagnosis. The species is brachypterous; in the Afrotropical region this feature is shared only with D. kilimanjarensis and D. parvipennis. On T1 the pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are absent and T1 is homogenously coriaceous; only three brachypterous species, D. aspinosus, D. carens (female and male) and D. minoculo (only male) from Australia have the same character state. The absence of the metanotal spine and the lack of a protruding metascutellum is shared only with D. aspinosus, from which D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the smaller A2–A3 ratio and darker color of the body. Description. Male. Length of the body: 0.91 mm. Head. Color brown. Coriaceous; head covered by short hairs, mandibles yellow. Frontal depression shallow and lightly coriaceous; central keel present (Fig. 106). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation not visible in genal area. Malar sulcus length: 0.15 mm. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 106). Head measures width: height: length = 0.37: 0.36: 0.21 mm. Eye measures width: length = 0.12: 0.16 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.1: 0.1: 0.11 mm. Mandibles bidentate without odontoid process. Antenna. Radicles and scape dark yellow; A 3 – A 12 brown; A 1 length: 17; A 2 as long as A 3; A 11: A 12 ratio= 1:2. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum brown; mesoscutellum brown with posterior margin yellow; propodeum brown to yellow in lateral margin(Fig. 108); mesosoma in lateral view light brown (Fig. 107). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate (Fig. 108); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; posterior mesepimeral area not well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 107); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection. Metascutellum not protruding, not visible in dorsal view, metanotal spine absent (Fig. 108). Mesonotum length 0.24 mm, width 0.41 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.14 mm, width 0.32 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, brachypterous, do not reach T1; sm: 0.17 mm; wing width 0.06 mm, length 0.19 mm. as in Fig. 40f. Legs light brown. Metasoma. Metasoma brown; laterotergites yellow; Coriaceous. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae absent (Figs 107, 108). Female: unknown Comment and variability. The description of this species is based on only a single specimen, which, however, possesses uniquely diagnostic character states: brachypterous with the rare character state where the metascutellum is not visible in dorsal view. Distribution. (Fig. 109) Etymology. The species is named after the country where the specimen was collected, Tanzania. Material examined. Holotype. Ƌ: AFRICA: Tanzania: West Usambara Forests - Site 4, Forest - montane - disturbed, 420m, 1996/05/13, Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P018754] (wings on slide, in Fig. 40f).Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26163
FIGURES 60–63 in Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
No full textFIGURES 60–63. Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ, holotype [BMNH (E)#971551]: 60—head, frontal view; 61—mandibles, ventral view; 62 –head, mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view; 63—head, mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view.Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26163
Dyscritobaeus ndokii Tortorici et Caleca, sp. nov.
No full textDyscritobaeus ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 27, 29, 38c, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56F210DB-0EDE-497F-9981-334D5 A 8D2B24 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410571 Diagnosis. Absence of the preoccipital lunula (Fig. 56), a character state shared with D. comitans, differentiates these two species from the other African species. The rugose T2 separates this species from other species of the comitans- group, which either have T2 with some longitudinal striation (D. comitans, D. bolivar, other undescribed species) or with minute granulate punctuation or coriaceous (D. minoculo, one undescribed species). Additionally the frontal depression with arched striae arising from the top of the central keel and reaching the oral foramen laterally of the clypeus (Fig. 27) distinguishes this species from D. comitans that has the frontal depression shallow and smooth (Fig. 26). The black head differentiates this species from D. comitans having a brown head. Description. Length of the body: 0.91 mm Head. Color black. Coriaceous. Head covered by long hair, mandibles yellow. Frontal depression with a shallow area starting from the interantennal process, reaching mid eye height with long striae starting from the top of central keel and reaching the oral foramen (Figs 27, 54). Central keel reaching 1/2 the height of the eye (Fig. 54). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation present in genal area surpassing half-length of malar sulcus. Malar sulcus length: 0.01 mm. Preoccipital lunula absent (Fig. 56). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.41: 0.34: 0.19 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.14: 0.19 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.1 mm. Mandibles bidentate without odontoid process (Figs 55, 57). Antennae not present in the specimen. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum anteriorly yellow, dark brown in central and posterior part; scutellum with dark brown anterior and central part and yellow posterior and lateral margins; propodeum brown; metascutellum and metanotal spine brown with dark edge (Figs 29, 55). In lateral view brown (Fig. 57). In dorsal view mesonotum and scutellum imbricate (Fig. 55); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth and fan-like striation absent on it; posterior mesepimeral area well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with a crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 57); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 58). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, small metanotal spine (Fig. 55). Mesosoma length 0.25 mm, width 0.4 mm; scutellum length 0.15 mm, width 0.3 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.4: 0.8: 3.4: 3.4: 9.0: 0.4: 1.0; angle st-pm= 43° as in Fig. 38c. st length is 0.09 mm; width: length of fore wing is 0.31: 0.81 mm. Legs yellow except fore and middle coxe light brown, hind coxe brown. Metasoma. In dorsal view metasoma anteriorly yellowish as in propodeum, color gradually changes in dark brown in last tergite; T1, T2, T3 color light brown on side (Fig. 29); laterotergites yellowish. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous microscupture from internal smooth area. In the middle of T1 a microsculpure striate to coriaceous starts from the anterior margin and gradually dissolves towards the posterior margin. T2 rugose, not foveolate in anterior margin (Fig. 29). Female: unknown Comment. This species is represented by only one specimen, but the characters easily diagnose the species. Size, and sculpture of the head place this species close to the genus Titta Mineo, O’Connor et Ashe, but the bidentate mandible and palpal formula 2,1 are typical features of Dyscritobaeus species. Distribution. Etymology. The species name is the genitive of the word ndoki that in the Lingala language means sorcerer; this species is so unique in Africa that it could appear to be the result of witchcraft. The collection site is located in the Ndoki sector of the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, named after the Ndoki River flowing from Central African Republic to Congo, which gives its name to this forest area in both countries. Material examined. Holotype. Ƌ: AFRICA: Central African Republic: Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173º S Lidjombo, Lowland Rainforest, 2º21.60'N, 16º09.20'E, 350m, 2001/05/22, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025617] (wings on slide, in Fig. 38c).Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26163
Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) recorded in Italy and their known hosts.
No full textScelionidi (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) segnalati per l’Italia e loro ospiti noti.
Il seguente lavoro propone una revisione della checklist italiana della famiglia Scelionidae dopo quella proposta da Bin et al. (1995). Viene inoltre fornito l’elenco delle specie di ospiti di Insecta e Arachnida individuate nel lavoro di raccolta bibliografica. In totale sono riportati 38 generi di scelionidi per l’Italia con 181 specie di cui 58 riportano anche gli ospiti appartenenti
agli ordini: Insecta: Mantodea, Orthoptera, Embioptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera; Arachnida: Araneae Dysderiidae, Lycosidae. Grazie all'intenso lavoro di ricerca del professor Giovanni Mineo, recentemente scomparso, le specie registrate per la Sicilia sono aumentate da 56 a 99. La revisione e l’aggiornamento della checklist nasce dalla recente importanza assunta degli scelionidi nello studio di una possibile loro applicazione
nei programmi di controllo biologico contro eterotteri pentatomidi alloctoni e dall’arrivo in Europa di scelionidi alloctoni come Trissolcus japonicus e T. mitsukurii, candidati per il controllo biologico di Halyomorpha halys.A revised checklist of the Italian Scelionidae is provided. Data regarding host association of recorded species of this family of egg parasitoids of insects and spiders are provided. A total of 181 species in 38 genera have been recorded in Italy. The parasitized hosts are recorded for 58 of recorded species. These species parasitise eggs of different insect orders (Mantodea, Orthoptera, Embioptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera) and spiders (Araneae Dysderiidae, Lycosidae). Scelionidae are considered as effective biological control agents of insect pests, and many times were used in biological control programs. Very recently, two allochthonous scelionids Trissolcus japonicus and T. mitsukurii, candidates of introduction for biological control purposes, accidentally arrived into Europe and Italy and became established, thanks to the presence of their preferred allochthnous host Halyomorpha halys
First record in Algeria of two eulophid wasps: Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) and its host, the eucalyptus gall wasp Ophelimus maskelli (Asmead) (Hymenoptera Eulophidae).
No full textThe endophagous parasitoid Closterocerus chamaeleon, released in Israel, Italy and Corsica, for classical biological control programs, and its host, the gall-maker Ophelimus maskelli, were recorded for the first time in Algeria, in a straight line 450 km far from the Sardinian release site and 700 km far from the closest Sicilian release site. Their presence is confirmed in Andalucia (Spain), about 2000 km far from release sites of Sicily and Campania. In about two years the parasitoid spread and was established in many Mediterranean countries
Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca, sp. nov.
No full textDyscritobaeus antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 33, 38d, 42, 60, 61, 62, 63) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:449C0 A 01-DB17-45E2-892E-76 EADAA 63 AD0 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410565 Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from D. comitans and D. ndokii by the presence of the occipital lunula and specillum in males. The species can be differentiated from D bicolor, D. flavus, D. ndokii and D. parvipennis by the dorsal tooth, which is 4 times longer than the ventral tooth, pm> st (Fig. 38d), a triangular metascutellum and long metanotal spine, metapleural carinae with two pointed projections and specillum present in males; furthermore it differs from D. ndokii, also by an anteriorly well delimited posterior mesepimeral area (Figs 63). Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis differs from D. sulawensis and D. madagascarensis by the sex segment keel on the distal part of fifth antennomere (Fig. 42), OOL/POL= 0.78, T2 with specillum and T3 without striae (Fig. 62); it also differs from D. sulawensis by the large dorsal tooth of the mandible, which is 4 times as long as than the ventral tooth (Fig. 61). Description. Male. Length of the body: 0.75 mm Head. Color, light brown. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and reaching the mid eye height, central keel surpassing the eye level (Fig. 60). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation just evident in genal area. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 62). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.31: 0.27: 0.16 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.08 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.1: 0.13 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.07: 0.05: 0.9 mm. Distance lateral ocellus to occipital carina less than ocellar diameter. Mandibles bidentate with dorsal tooth 4 time longer than ventral one (Fig. 61). Antenna. A 1 – A 12 brown; A 12 length twice A 11 length. Sex segment with keel in the distal part of antennomere (Fig. 42). Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum, scutellum and propodeum light brown. (Fig. 62). In lateral view, pleurae light brown (Fig. 63). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum coriaceous. In lateral view speculum with furrow, femoral depression smooth, posterior mesepimeral area delimitate anteriorly by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow, dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 63). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin. Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, triangular; large metanotal spine, slightly surpassing propodeum (Fig. 62). Mesonotum length 0.18 mm, width 0.28 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.09 mm, width 0.19 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; wing ratio st: pm: mg: ww: af: pf = 1: 1.0: 0.4: 2.9: 0.3: 0.8; angle st-pm= 28° as in Fig. 38d. st length is 0.08 mm. Legs yellow, except coxae dark yellow. Metasoma. (Fig. 62). In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites light brown. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae. They separate a lateral coriaceous area from an internal area where striate sculpture starts with basal grooves and finishes to coriaceous. T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to colliculate, drop shaped specillum in the middle of T2 not well delimitated at sides and on top; costae converging to posterior margin of specillum (Figs 33, 62). T3 without striae. Comment. The species is represented by only a single male specimen. The combination of character states represented by the presence of a specillum in male and a long dorsal tooth, which is 3-4 times as long as the ventral tooth is unusual in Afrotropical species, but this character combination is commonly represented in Dyscritobaeus species from the Oriental region. Distribution. (Fig. 64) Etymology. The name of this species is linked to the locality Antananarivo where the type was collected. Material examined. Holotype. Ƌ: AFRICA: Madagascar: 25km W. Tananarive, 1983/05/24 – 1983/05/29, J. Noyes & M. C. Day, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971551] (wings on slide, in Fig. 38d).Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26163
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