1,721,113 research outputs found
De qué ríen los chacobos
Get PDFExcept for a few remaining Yaminahua and Pacaguara, the Chacobo are currently the only Pano-speaking group of Bolivian Amazonia. On the grounds of ethnographic data, the author analyses practical, symbolic, and discursive contexts such as hunting, drinking bouts, interethnic relationships, mythology, gender ideology, kinship, and onomastics in order to track down several phenomena that make the Chacobo laugh. After discussing some possible ways of classification of Chacobo humour, the article proposes a sociological interpretation of joking as a form of collective thought.Fil: Villar, Diego. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Indios, blancos y perros
Get PDFThis paper intends to track the naming criteria for dogs among the Chané. Links between onomastics and diverse cultural contexts are thus analysed, such as the daily treatment and attitudes towards dogs, mythic symbolism, etymology, human names, names of domestic pets, and taxonomic classification. In a comparative perspective, meaningful relationships are also verified with the dynamics of ethnic relationships and mythologies of Chaco ethnic group
A Globetrotter in Bolivian Amazonia: Heinz Rox-Schulz among the Chacobo
Get PDFThis paper covers German traveler Heinz Rox-Schulz's (1921-2004) visit in 1959 to the Chacobo of Bolivian Amazonia, and the photographic collection that resulted from that trip. It also analyses the experience of restitution of the images in 2013, briefly discussing the Chacobo perception of the pictures and its influence in the current dynamics of the social definition of history, culture and ethnic identity
Tres dimensiones de la máscara ritual chané
Get PDFThe article develops an anthropological explanation of the ritual masks of the Chané indians of Argentina. The masked dancers appear during the annual arete celebration. The cultural meaning of these masks, however, must be pursued beyond their ritual performance, relating it to several symbolic contexts, as a) the ritual practices involving the sacred nature of the materials in which masks are made; b) the beliefs concerning the native notions of death, soul, and person; and c) the relation between the cosmological myths, the peculiar behaviour of the masked dancers, the mask destruction, and the social representation of time. [South American Indians, Guaraní, Chiriguano, Chané, ritual performance, arete, mask, myth]
Os mestiços mais puros. Representações chiriguano e chané da mestiçagem
Get PDFThe starting point of this article is the thesis developed in 1991 by Isabelle Combès and Thierry Saignes on the birth of Chiriguano ethnicity and identity, both mixed 'in essence.' The Chiriguano and the Chané appear to maintain a somewhat paradoxical relationship with miscegenation, however. Although considered paradigmatic examples of Amerindian miscegenation, some contemporary views anticipate the dissolution of the ethnic group precisely because of its mixture with whites. At the same time, the Chiriguano themselves reject any idea of mixture, proclaiming themselves to be simply 'Guarani.' Based on a double case study of the Bolivian Isoso and the Argentinean Northwest, the article casts doubt on the idea of the complete absorption of the Chané by the Chiriguano complex; it then analyzes the different types of miscegenation in existence and their relation to an asymmetrical schema that creates a scale of values between different ethnic groups. Finally, the authors suggest that the ideological ambivalence surrounding miscegenation is precisely due to the fact that it is a hybrid construct, the product of the fusion between Chané and Guarani ideologies
La vieja egoísta y el fuego
Get PDFThis work attempts to explain a Chacobo myth (Pano). The narrative evidences a symbolic passage from a "nature" state to a "culture" state, and the meaning of the myth is traced in practices and representations belonging to three different "codes": a) relating to food (ideas about consumption or how cannibalism is treated), b) relating to the worldview (cosmological and theophanic organisation, and mythical narrive), and c) relating to social organisation (kinship, alliance, onomastics, and reciprocity). Finally, an anthropological understanding of the Chacobo conception of "humanity" is derived from the myth
Amazonia by steam
Get PDFIn the 1890s, at the height of the rubber boom, steamboats dominate the rivers of Bolivian Amazonia. The technophile discourse of the period presents the steamer as a revolution that changes everything: it allows social progress and economic development, it frees transport from the constraints of the geography, it reinforces national sovereignty and, at the same time, it overcomes interethnic conflict. Nevertheless, a careful reading of the historical sources allows us to question whether it is reasonable to reduce the rubber-transporting steamer to an icon of progress and the nationalist agenda. A historical anthropology of the steamer helps to understand what happens with the vessel itself beyond political economy, nation-building processes, and the Amazonian landscape, while also aiming to reconstruct the biographies, histories, and imaginaries of the steamboat itself and its people, and in turn an integral fluvial experience that embodies novel perceptions of alterity of the river and the Bolivian jungle
Culture matérielle et changement : Alfred Métraux chez les Chiriguano
Get PDFOn analyse l’ethnologie de première heure d’Alfred Métraux à partir de son premier travail de terrain parmi les Chiriguano en 1929. On discute le profil personnel, académique et professionnel de Métraux, les particularités de son travail de terrain en 1929 et ses relations concrètes avec les Chiriguano. On examine ensuite ses idées sur la culture matérielle, champ privilégié pour qui veut reconstruire le mélange des influences venues des Andes, du Chaco et d’Amazonie. On aborde finalement les dilemmes et les limites de Métraux au moment de soupeser l’influence culturelle criolla et les processus de changement culturel et social au sens large.Se analiza la etnología temprana de Alfred Métraux a la luz de su primer viaje de campo a los chiriguanos, en 1929. Se discute el perfil personal, académico y profesional de Métraux, las peculiaridades de su trabajo de campo en 1929 y sus relaciones concretas con los indígenas chiriguanos en el terreno. Se examinan luego sus ideas sobre la cultura material como campo experimental privilegiado para rastrear procesos de síntesis de influencias culturales andinas, chaqueñas y amazónicas, así también sus dilemas y límites a la hora de interpretar el factor de la influencia criolla y el proceso de cambio social y cultural en un sentido amplio.The early ethnological works of Alfred Métraux are analysed bearing in mind his first fieldwork trip to the Chiriguano, in 1929. The paper discusses personal, academic and professional features of Métraux’s ethnological experience, the nature of the 1929 trip and his concrete relationships with the Chiriguano groups and individuals. Next, we analyse his ideas on material culture as a priviledged means of understanding the synthes is of Andean, Chaco and Amazonian cultural influences. Finally, the dilemmas and limitations of his analytical approach regarding Créole cultural influence and social and cultural change are discussed
¿Los últimos pacaguaras?
Get PDFEn las fuentes de la Colonia tardía sobre la región amazónica de la actual Bolivia la categoría «pacaguara» era prácticamente omnipresente. No obstante, en la segunda mitad del siglo 20 una letanía de misioneros, científicos, políticos y periodistas lamentó la extinción de «los últimos pacaguaras», una decena de individuos asentados desde la década de 1960 junto a los chacobos del Beni. Contradiciendo ese fatalismo, el Censo Nacional de 2012 arroja la impactante cifra de 161 pacaguaras: se discuten las razones paradójicas de este boom demográfico a la luz de determinadas estrategias de manipulación de las representaciones tanto indígenas como externas acerca de la identidad étnica.Dans les sources coloniales sur l'Amazonie de l'actuelle Bolivie, la catégorie « Pacaguara » est pratiquement omniprésente. Cependant, au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, une série de missionnaires, scientifiques, politiques et journalistes déplore l'extinction des « derniers Pacaguara », réduits à une dizaine de personnes qui vivent, depuis les années 1960, avec les Chacobo du Beni. À l'encontre de ces verdicts fatalistes, le dernier recensement bolivien de 2012 indique le nombre surprenant de 161 Pacaguara. On discute ici les raisons paradoxales de ce boom démographique en fonction de diverses stratégies de manipulation des représentations, indiennes comme externes, de l'identité ethnique.Late Colonial documents about Bolivian Amazonia show us the ubiquity of «Pacaguara» Indians. However, during the second half of the 20th Century, several discourses by missionaries, scientists, politicians and even journalists regret the imminent extinction of the «the last of the Pacaguaras», hardly a dozen individuals settled with the Chacobo of Alto Ivon since the 1960s. Contrary to this fatalism, the National Census of 2012 reveals a surprising number of 161 Pacaguara. The paradoxical reasons of this demographic boom are discussed in terms of the indigenous and external manipulation of the representations of ethnic identity.Fil: Villar, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
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