289 research outputs found
Stochastic numerical approximation approaches for estimation of traffic volume under travel demand uncertainties
Get PDFThe traditional deterministic process of trip assignment does not account for uncertainties in traffic demands. These point-estimate based solutions often results in large differences between forecasted and actual traffic volumes thereby imposing huge financial burdens upon development agencies. In this work, stochastic treatment has been given to the trip assignment problem, specifically the network user equilibrium problem solved using the variational inequality method, under demand uncertainties modeled as random inputs. Smolyak sparse grid interpolation technique was successfully applied to the problem and compared to Monte Carlo sampling. Performance of constructed interpolant was evaluated through output distribution recovery , statistical moment estimation, and computation time comparisons. Ability of sparse grid to efficiently handle demand uncertainties using as many as 5 times fewer points than Monte Carlo sampling in pragmatically sized transportation networks was demonstrated.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Kumar Neelotpal Shukla, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-18 at 10:41.The student, Kumar Neelotpal Shukla, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-07-18 at 12:01.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-07-19 at 08:54.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11510 on 2018-03-02 at 13:02:29Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T19:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-19Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105071
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105071
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105071 on 2020-03-03T10:15:22Z
Steganography for Invisible Communication: A Review
No full textSteganography is the science and art of embedding secret messages in innocuous looking carriers in such a way that it does not draw the attention of anyone other than the sender and the targeted recipient, thus a method for secret and invisible communication which provides security through obscurity. Its main purpose is to hide the occurrence of communication over a public channel. Steganography has been used since ancient times and has grown exponentially in the recent past because of the improvements in computing power. Earlier, steganography was implemented using some physical medium i.e. some tangible objects but now a days, it is implemented electronically by using several other intangible objects i.e. data can be hidden using any type of media, be it image in bmp, jpeg, gif format or some music file, video clip, text file, SMS etc. In this paper, different types of techniques used to hide data have been discussed with major focus on image based modern steg-anographic techniques
A Hybrid Approach for Handwritten Devanagari Numerals Recognition Using HOG Algorithm and K-NN Classifier
No full textM.Tech.Character Recognition has become fascinating research area over a last few decades.
Reading handwritten characters is easy task for human but it is difficult task for
machines. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) System is used to recognize
handwritten and printed characters. A lot of work has been done on English
characters but these days Indian scripts have become interesting research area.
Devanagari is one of them. In the present study, an effort is given for handwritten
Devanagari numerals recognition. Many approaches have been developed in the field
of character recognition but still it remains challenging work for researchers. In
Recognition Process, Neural network is used as basic technique in most of the
approaches. A lot of training and large computations are required in these approaches.
So, an effort is done by author to make an easy hybrid approach for handwritten
Devanagari numerals recognition (HDNR). This comes under the category of Offline
recognition process. In proposed approach, various techniques such as binarization,
filtering, smoothing, normalization and thinning are used in preprocessing stage.
Bounding box is used for segmentation. Feature extraction is main portion of OCR
system because accuracy is mostly based on extracted features. Here Histogram of
Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithm is used for feature extraction. There are a lot of
feature extraction methods but we preferred HOG because of its better feature
evaluation capacity. After feature extraction, they are classified into ten classes such
as zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine. K-NN Classifier has
been trained with these features. There are various classifiers but we selected K-NN
Classifier because its accuracy is better as comparison to other classifiers. There are a
lot of applications of handwritten Devanagari numerals recognition such as reading
bank cheques, passport readers, postal code readers, commercial forms reader, bill
processing systems etc. Proposed Hybrid approach has been applied to many
documents and author obtained satisfying results.Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patial
Numerical Simulation of Convection Dominated Flows using High Resolution Spectral Method
Get PDFA high resolution spectrally accurate three-dimensional flow solver is developed in order to simulate convection dominated fluid flows. The governing incompressible Navier Stokes equations along with the energy equation for temperature are discretized using a second-order accurate projection method which utilizes Adams Bashforth and Backward Differentiation formula for temporal discretization of the non-linear convective and linear viscous terms, respectively. Spatial discretization is performed using a Fourier/Chebyshev spectral method. Extensive tests on three-dimensional Taylor Couette flow are performed and it is shown that the method successfully captures the different states ranging from formation of Taylor vortices to wavy vortex regime. Next, the code is validated for convection dominated flows through a comprehensive comparison of the results for two dimensional Rayleigh Benard convection with the theoretical and experimental results from the literature. Finally, fully parallel simulations, with efficient utilization of computational resources and memory, are performed on a model three-dimensional axially homogeneous Rayleigh Benard convection problem in order to explore the high Rayleigh number flows and to test the scaling of global properties
STRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZATION - Augmenting the Consolidated Fund of the states by th Thirteenth Finacnce Commission: A NORMATIVE APPROACH
Get PDFOne of the terms of reference of the Thirteenth Finance Commission (ThFC) calls upon the Finance Commission to look at ‘Measures needed to augment the consolidated fund of a State to supplement the resources of the Panchayats and Municipalities in the State on the basis of the recommendations made by the Finance Commission of the State’. In view of this, the present study examines issues related to fiscal federalism at the third tier in general and grants to local bodies in particular. It is well documented in the literature that the state of finances of local bodies, both urban and rural, displays a dismal picture in India. In contrast, the finances of the Central and State Governments are on a healthier track with the implementation of the rule based fiscal framework. The study opines that there is a need to fine tune the micro design of grants for local bodies (both urban and local) and their devolution across the States.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma–Are we forcing a milestone?
No full textAbstractSurvival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is low and the role of adjuvant therapy remains controversial, with the European studies indicating survival benefit of chemotherapy over chemoradiation, whereas the American reports indicate an undoubted benefit with chemoradiation. Whatever is the mode of adjuvant care, two things are obvious in the management of this disease: surgery is the mainstay of treatment and a complete resection is the only hope of cure. Secondly, irrespective of the adjuvant treatment modality, survival advantage is limited and five-year survival has failed to reach that of other malignancies. The mixed results obtained from the various adjuvant therapy trials indicate that a uniform protocol is yet to be reached. A milestone is said to have been reached when a treatment or a treatment modality revolutionizes the outcome of a disease. As of now the adjuvant treatment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still evolving. Maybe a fresh look is needed at the biological aspect of the disease to add a new thought in its management, as has happened with other human malignancies
Polyphenols in the Management of Chronic Liver Diseases Including Hepatocellular Carcinoma
No full textBiomarkers of Gallbladder Cancer
Get PDFMaximillian de Stoll firstly identified Gallbladder cancer in two autopsy cases in 1777, and Keen was the first one to perform cancer resection in 1891 [Sheinfeld W, 1947]. Gallbladder cancer is usually a most frequent biliary tract cancer worldwide however it is only 0.5% of most gastrointestinal cancer even though fatal malignancy along with notable ethnic and geographical versions. The representing signs and symptoms are commonly imprecise so patient presents with late stage. The overall mean survival rate for patients having advanced gallbladder cancer is 6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 5% [Levy AD et al 2001; Pandey M et al 2001]. Cholecystectomy is the potential cure for early gallbladder cancer (restricted to the mucosa), though rare. The majority of (>80%) gallbladder cancers are adenocarcinomas which originate from fundus (60%), body (30%), as well as neck (10%). The premise likely is actually genetic susceptibility, perhaps elicited simply by chronic gallbladder inflammation, normally a result of cholelithiasis [Pandey M et al 2003]. One particular reasonable hypothesis targets continual tenderness of the mucosa (e.g., through the actual physical vicinity of the rocks and/or superimposed chronic infection such as through Salmonella typhi) which leads to dysplasia (may be abetted by mutagenic secondary bile acids) and ending in cancerous change
Mathematical Modelling of Swallowing of Viscoelastic Nature Food Through the Oesophagus Affected by Hiatus Hernia
Get PDFPeristaltic transport of viscoelastic fluid through a divergent tube is studied by approximations of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. This type of study explains the interesting phenomenon of swallowing food bolus through the oesophagus affected by hiatus hernia. The amplitude of peristaltic waves is increase exponentially, the food bolus to be a viscoelastic fluid and the affected oesophagus a diverging tube. The expressions for axial and radial velocities, pressure and reflux limit are obtained. Both cases have been considered when the whole tube diverges and when it diverges only near the end. Another case in which the tube converges near the last end has also been analysed
Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS attending two tertiary care hospitals in district of northern India
No full textIntroduction: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a principal predictor for the success of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. It remains as a challenge to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment and care with the widespread of the associated risks. Therefore, study aims to assess nonadherence level and factors associated with nonadherence to ART among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care hospital of Lucknow. A total of 322 adult HIV-positive patients registered in the ART center were included. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit patients. Nonadherence was assessed on the basis of pill count method. Results: A total of 10.9% of patients were found to be nonadherent to ART. Principal causes cited were being busy with other work (40.0%), felt sick or ill (28.5%), not having money (14.2%), and being away from home (11.4). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that nonadherence was significantly associated with nonbeneficial perceptions towards ART (odds ratio (OR) 18.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-106.6; P = 0.001), being counseled for adherence for more than 3 months (OR 13.9; 95% CI 1.6-118.9; P = 0.01), presence of depression (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.0-6.7; P = 0.04), and those who were not satisfied with healthcare facilities (OR 5.63; 95% CI 1.88-16.84; P = 0.00). Conclusion: Although adherence to ART varies between individuals and over time, the factors that affect nonadherence can be addressed with proper periodic counseling and motivation of patients and their family members. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) could delay the progression of this lethal disease and minimize the risk of developing drug resistance
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