39,440 research outputs found
Editorial to ‘Comparison of Phase 2 Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes between patients after Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement’
No full textLoneliness, social isolation and risk of cardiovascular disease in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
No full textFavourable effects of exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction on left atrial remodeling
No full textBackground: Left atrial enlargement is an important predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Whilethe favourable effect of exercise exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) on postinfarction LV remodeling has been well documented, those on LA remodeling have yet to be defined. This study investigated the effects of CR on LA remodeling in postinfarction patients with moderate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Methods: Sixty postinfarction patients were randomised randomized into two groups, each composed of 30 patients: group T (LVejection fraction (EF) 43.7±4.2%, mean±SD) entered a 6-month CR program, whereas group C (EF 44.7±4.4%, P=ns) did not. Doppler echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed upon enrolment and at 6-month. Results: At 6-month, trained patients showed a significant (Pb0.001) improvement in peak oxygen consumption (ΔVO2peak=+5.2±2.1ml/kg/min) and a reduction in LA (ΔLAVMAX=−1.9±3.7 ml/m2) and in LV volumes (ΔLVEDV=−3.6±4.4 ml/m2). At 6-month, untrained patients showed LAVMAX (+3.6±4.4 ml/m2, Pb0.001) and LV dilation (+4.2±5.1 ml/m2, Pb0.001; group T vs. C, Pb0.001); whereas no significant changes in VO2peak were observed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (β=0.442, Pb0.001), inclusion in the training group (β=−0.599, Pb0.001), E/A ratio (β=−0.210, P=0.038), LVEDV (β=0.376, Pb0.001), and LVEF (β=−0.279, P=0.007) are significant predictors of LA remodeling. Conclusions: Six-month exercise-based CR in postinfarction patients with mild to moderate LV dysfunction induced a favourable LA remodeling
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
High Resolution Free Jet Millimeter Wave Absorption Spectroscopy: a bridge to Astrochemistry
No full textConventional absorption spectroscopy is still the workhorse in high-resolution rotational laboratory spectroscopy.1 The data obtained from these kind of instruments are relevant for astronomical searches of complex molecules that represent excellent probes of the physical and chemical environments and history of the sources where they are detected.2 Nowadays, observations performed by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) open up new opportunities to reveal the chemical complexity of solar systems analogues. At the same time the huge amount of data collected and the extremely rich surveys represent a challenge for the astrochemistry community. The chance to detect molecules with an increasing large number of atoms, goes hand in hand with the complexity of their conformational equilibria, often associated with large amplitude motions, that need to be analysed in laboratory before taking on an astronomical search. For this reason a strong interplay between the laboratory spectroscopists and the observational astronomers is increasingly required to be able to unravel the spectra, which are rather difficult to predict theoretically, mainly in the sub-mm wave region.
In this talk laboratory results on diols and thiols of potential astronomical interest, obtained using the only Free Jet Absorption Millimeter Wave (FJAMMW) spectrometer working at the University of Bologna,3 will be presented. The rotational spectra (59.6 - 74.4 GHz, corresponding to 5.03 - 4.03 mm) reveal the presence of six conformers for 1,2-butanediol (C4H10O2) and four conformers for 1,3-propanedithiol (C3H8S2), proving the complexity of the conformational landscapes of these kind of compounds.
Moreover, taking advantage of the existing public ALMA data, some considerations on the rich molecular line spectrum of the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293-2422 will be discussed. References
[1] S. Brünken, S. Schlemmer, arXiv:1605.07456, 2016
[2] E. Herbst, E. F. van Dishoeck, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 427, 2009
[3] C. Calabrese, A. Maris, L. Evangelisti, L. B. Favero, S. Melandri, W. Caminati, J. Phys. Chem. A. 117, 13712, 201
Regional left ventricular mechanical function during isometric exercise inpatients with coronary artery disease: correlation with regional coronary bloodflow changes
No full textThe effects of isometric exercise on regional left ventricular mechanical
function and regional coronary blood flow were evaluated in 17 patients with
significant proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery and
10 patients with normal coronary arteriograms. All patients had normal myocardial
contractility in the basal condition. All performed isometric handgrip exercise
at 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction for 3 min during two-dimensional
echocardiographic monitoring and hemodynamic evaluation of great cardiac vein
flow by thermodilution technique. During isometric exercise, 7 of the 17 patients
with left anterior descending coronary stenosis developed asynergy in the
anterior territory (anterior or septal segment, or both) (group I); the remaining
10 showed normal myocardial contraction during the test (group II). The 10 normal
subjects manifested no regional asynergy during the test (control group). The
increase in great cardiac vein flow at peak isometric exercise was significantly
smaller (p less than 0.01) in group I (+15 +/- 8%) than that in group II (+98 +/-
48%) and the control group (+64 +/- 22%). Anterior coronary vascular resistance
decreased in group II (-32 +/- 13%) and in the control group (-25 +/- 8%) but
increased in group I (+6 +/- 8%, p less than 0.01 versus group II and control
group). These data demonstrate that handgrip-induced myocardial asynergy is
associated, in our study patients, with an abnormal response of the regional
coronary circulation. The increase in coronary vascular resistance in group I
patients with asynergy demonstrates that functional mechanisms play a dominant
role in left ventricular mechanical dysfunction induced by isometric exercise
Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
No full textPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease affecting about 5-10% of reproductive-age female population, which is predominantly characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. PCOS women represent an intriguing biological model illustrating the relationship between hormonal pattern and cardiovascular risk profile, presenting a cluster of cardiovascular features, such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, impaired cardiopulmonary functional capacity, autonomic dysfunction and low-grade chronic inflammation. Metabolic syndrome should be also considered in the clinical evaluation and management of PCOS. The treatment of PCOS and its complications should not be based solely on pharmacological therapies trying to improve hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Although mounting evidence recognizes the beneficial effects of lifestyle modifications, the clinical management of PCOS is not sufficiently focused on long-term maintenance of both exercise and dietary interventions and on further aspects of this syndrome (i.e. psychological status). Taking into consideration the patients' young age and the devastating effects of PCOS on hormonal and metabolic pattern, this complex and multifaceted disease requires a comprehensive approach in order to achieve concrete beneficial effects for PCOS patients. Multidisciplinary programs, including dietary and educational counseling, exercise training, stress management and psychosocial support, might represent the gold standard for adequate reduction of cardiovascular risk in young women with PCOS
Zebrafish, a novel model system to study uremic toxins: The case for the sulfur amino acid lanthionine
No full textThe non-proteinogenic amino acid lanthionine is a byproduct of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis: the third endogenous vasodilator gas, after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. While hydrogen sulfide is decreased in uremic patients on hemodialysis, lanthionine is increased and has been proposed as a new uremic toxin, since it is able to impair hydrogen sulfide production in hepatoma cells. To characterize lanthionine as a uremic toxin, we explored its effects during the early development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a widely used model to study the organ and tissue alterations induced by xenobiotics. Lanthionine was employed at concentrations reproducing those previously detected in uremia. Light-induced visual motor response was also studied by means of the DanioVision system. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with lanthionine determined acute phenotypical alterations, on heart organogenesis (disproportion in cardiac chambers), increased heart beating, and arrhythmia. Lanthionine also induced locomotor alterations in zebrafish embryos. Some of these effects could be counteracted by glutathione. Lanthionine exerted acute effects on transsulfuration enzymes and the expression of genes involved in inflammation and metabolic regulation, and modified microRNA expression in a way comparable with some alterations detected in uremia. Lanthionine meets the criteria for classification as a uremic toxin. Zebrafish can be successfully used to explore uremic toxin effects
High Resolution Millimeter Wave Absorption Spectroscopy: from the laboratory data to the astronomical surveys
No full textConventional absorption spectroscopy is still the workhorse in high-resolution rotational laboratory spectroscopy.1 The data obtained from these kind of instruments are relevant for astronomical searches of complex molecules that represent excellent probes of the physical and chemical environments and history of the sources where they are detected.2 Nowadays, observations performed by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) open up new opportunities to reveal the chemical complexity of solar systems analogues. At the same time the huge amount of data collected and the extremely rich surveys represent a challenge for the astrochemistry community. To reach this goal, the spectroscopic know-how is fundamental in recognizing typical pattern lines due to multiple internal interactions and motions that cause complicated energy level schemes, since the resulting spectra will be rather difficult to predict theoretically, mainly in the sub-mm wave region. For this reason a strong interplay between laboratory spectroscopists and observational astronomers is increasingly required to be able to unravel the experimental data.
In this talk the features and the potential of the high resolution rotational spectroscopy technique will be pointed out, providing some results on different kind of molecules characterized by complex conformational landscapes. In particular, molecular spectra of potential astronomical interest will be presented, obtained using the free jet absorption millimeter wave and the free space cell absorption sub-mm wave spectrometers working at University of Bologna.3
References
[1] S. Brünken, S. Schlemmer, arXiv:1605.07456, 2016
[2] E. Herbst, E. F. van Dishoeck, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 427, 2009
[3] C. Calabrese, A. Maris, L. Evangelisti, L. B. Favero, S. Melandri, W. Caminati, J. Phys. Chem. A. 117, 13712, 201
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