323,698 research outputs found
Chimpanzee faces under the magnifying glass: emerging methods reveal cross-species similarities and individuality
No full textIndependently, we created descriptive systems to characterize chimpanzee facial behavior, responding to a common need to have an objective, standardized coding system to ask questions about primate facial behaviors. Even with slightly different systems, we arrive at similar outcomes, with convergent conclusions about chimpanzee facial mobility. This convergence is a validation of the importance of the approach, and provides support for the future use of a facial action coding system for chimpanzees,ChimpFACS. Chimpanzees share many facial behaviors with those of humans. Therefore, processes and mechanisms that explain individual differences in facial activity can be compared with the use of a standardized systems such asChimpFACSandFACS. In this chapter we describe our independent methodological approaches, comparing how we arrived at our facial coding categories. We present some Action Descriptors (ADs) from Gaspar’s initial studies, especially focusing on an ethogram of chimpanzee and bonobo facial behavior, based on studies conducted between 1997 and 2004 at three chimpanzee colonies (The Detroit Zoo; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; and Burger’s Zoo) and two bonobo colonies (The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium; The Milwaukee County Zoo). We discuss the potential significance of arising issues, the minor qualitative species differences that were found, and the larger quantitative differences in particular facial behaviors observed between species, e.g., bonobos expressed more movements containing particular action units (Brow Lowerer, Lip Raiser, Lip Corner Puller) compared with chimpanzees. The substantial interindividual variation in facial behavior within each species was most striking. Considering individual differences and the impact of development, we highlight the flexibility in facial activity of chimpanzees. We discuss the meaning of facial behaviors in nonhuman primates, addressing specifically individual attributes of Social Attraction, facial expressivity, and the connection of facial behavior to emotion. We do not rule out the communicative function of facial behavior, in which case an individual’s properties of facial behavior are seen as influencing his or her social life, but provide strong arguments in support of the role of facial behavior in the expression of internal states
Rechtliches Gutachten über die Frage: Ob einer, der schon einmahl glücklich in der Ehe gewesen, eine anderweitige beglückte Ehe vermuthen dürffte? : Bey der Vick- und Reimerschen Jm Mertz-Monat des 1734. Heil-Jahres Glücklich vollzogenen Verbindung, erörtert Und zugleich, so wohl dem höchst-vergnügten Ehe-Paar, Als auch beyderseits vornehmen Angehörigen, Alles selbst-beliebige Wohlergehen angewünschet, Von S. und B.
No full textHochzeitsschrift auf Vinzenz Vick bei seiner 2. Ehe mit einem Frl. Reimers, 10. März 1734Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Halle, druckts Johann Christian Hilliger, Univ. Buchdr
Marriage record of Vick, Samuel S. and Wright, Mary
No full textMarriage license for Samuel S. Vick and Mary Wright. W.K. Piner was the officiant
Letter Written by Earl L. Vick to the Bryant College Service Club Dated April 9, 1943
No full text[Transcription begins]
Base Ord. Office Bradley Field Connecticut April 9, 1943
Dear Mr. Chairman
I wish to thank you very much for the box of candy I received from you. It was very nice for you to be so thoughtful and kind and you may be assured that it was appreciated.
I am being transferred to Aberdeen, Maryland on the 15th of this month. I have been selected to take the Officer Candidate Course at that station. What my proper address at Aberdeen will be, I don not know as yet.
Thank you again for everything.
Sincerely
Earl L. Vick S/Sgt Ordinance Section 29th Base Hq + Air Base Sqdn [Transcription ends
Letter Written by Earl L. Vick to the Bryant College Service Club Dated February 26, 1943
No full text[Transcription begins]
Base Ordinance Office Bradley Field Connecticut
February 26, 1943
Dear Mr. Chairman
I wish to thank you for your thoughtfulness to send me a package at Christmas. I am sorry to say I didn’t receive it or know about it sooner. I would certainly have written before now.
The Company I formerly belong to is now overseas and as the package was addressed to that company, it too went overseas.
My new address is at the top of this page.
Thank you once again for your grand generosity.
Sincerely
Earl L. Vick S/Sgt. Base Ordn Office Bradley Field, Conn [Transcription ends
Vick, J M, 410759
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/423056Surname: VICK. Given Name(s) or Initials: J M. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 410759. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 57462.249571
Item: [2016.0049.55317] "Vick, J M, 410759
Overall structure of VicK.
No full text<p>(A) Domain architecture of the full-length VicK. The numbers below are the breakpoints of functional domains, which are colored differently and labeled on top. (B) Molecular weight of VicK in solution measured by multiangle light scattering (MALS). BSA was used as a control colored in blue and VicK in red. The time range was taken from the HPLC. (C) Overall structure of VicK presented in ribbon. Two monomers are colored in magenta and gold. The corresponding domains are indicated. Helices α1–11 are labeled. Na and Nb indicate the N termini of the monomer <i>A</i> or <i>B</i> while Ca and Cb indicate their C termini. (D) Electrostatic potential surface of the VicK monomer. Red to blue colors represent negative to positive charged areas (−0.75 to +0.75, CCP4mg). VicK monomer <i>B</i> is presented in ribbon with CA domain deleted for better clarity. Contact areas (I–III) of the VicK dimeric interface are marked in yellow arrows.</p
Emerging Language: Cognition and Gestural Communication in Wild and Language Trained Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
No full textAn important element in understanding the evolutionary origin of human language is to explore homologous traits in cognition and communication between primates and humans (Burling, 1993, Hewes, 1973). One proposed modality of language evolution is that of gestural communication, defined as communicative movements of hands without using or touching objects (de Waal, 2003). While homologies between primate calls and language have been relatively well explored, we still have a limited understanding of how cognitive abilities may have shaped the characteristics of primate gestures (Corballis, 2003). Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are our closest living relatives and display some complex cognitive skills in various aspects of their gestural behaviour in captivity (de Waal, 2003, Pollick and de Waal, 2007). However, it is not yet currently clear to what extent these abilities seen in captive apes are typical of chimpanzees in general and to what extent cognitive capacities observed in captive chimpanzees have been enhanced by the socio-cultural environment of captivity such as language training.
In this Ph.D. research, I investigated the cognitive skills underlying gestural communication in both wild and language trained chimpanzees, with a special focus on the repertoire and the intentionality of production and comprehension. The study of cognitive skills underlying the production of the repertoire and the role of intentionality is important because these skills are cognitively demanding and are a prerequisite in human infants for their ability to acquire language (Baldwin, 1995, Olson, 1993). My research suggests that chimpanzee gestural communication is cognitively complex and may be homologous with the cognitive skills evident in pre-verbal infants on the cusp of language acquisition. Chimpanzees display a multifaceted and complex signal repertoire of manual gestures. These gestures are the prototypes, within which there is variation, and between which the boundaries are not clear-cut, but there is gradation apparent along several morphological components. Both wild and language trained chimpanzees communicate intentionally about their perceived desires and the actions that they want the recipients to undertake. They do not just express their emotions, but they communicate flexibly by adjusting their communicative tactics in response to the comprehension states of the recipient. Whilst chimpanzees communicate their intentions flexibly, the messages conveyed are specific. However, recipients comprehend gestures flexibly in light of the signaller’s overall intentions.
Whilst wild and language trained chimpanzee gestural communication revealed similar cognitive characteristics, language trained chimpanzees outperformed wild apes in that they had ability to use signals which made distinctions that human deictic words can make. Whilst these differences between wild and language trained chimpanzees may be due to the different methodological approaches used, it is conceivable that language training may have influenced captive ape cognitive skills in the representational domain. These results from wild and language trained chimpanzees indicate that chimpanzees possess some form of cognitive skills necessary for language development and that cognitive skills underlying repertoire and use in chimpanzees are a shared capacity between humans, other apes and a common ancestor. These findings render theories of the gestural origins of language more plausible.
Related publications:
1. Roberts, A. I., Vick, S.-J., Roberts, S. G. B., Buchanan-Smith, H. M. & Zuberbühler, K. 2012. A structure-based repertoire of manual gestures in wild chimpanzees: Statistical analyses of a graded communication system. Evolution and Human Behavior, Published online: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.05.006
2. Roberts, A. I., Vick, S.-J. & Buchanan-Smith, H. 2012. Usage and comprehension of manual gestures in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, Published online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.02
Structure of VicK PAS domain.
No full text<p>(A) A canonical PAS monomer of VicK shown in gold ribbon. Another PAS monomer is fainted for better clarity. β-strands, helices, and loops are labeled according to the overall structure of the VicK molecule. (B) Electrostatic surface of the VicK PAS domain monomer. The color scheme is the same as <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001493#pbio-1001493-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1D</a>. Three potential sockets (S1–3) for ligands to bind are labeled. (C) Leucine-zipper interface of the VicK PAS domain dimer with critical residues shown in sticks and labeled on the right.</p
VicK has a significant impact on transcription of known ATR-related genes in <i>S. mutans</i>.
No full text<p>qRT-PCR was performed to reveal fold-change in gene expression at pH 5.5 versus 7.5 with cDNAs derived from <i>S. mutans</i> UA159 (solid black bars) and a <i>vicK</i> insertion-deletion mutant (SmuvicK) (striped bars). Error bars represent ± std. errors of the average expression values derived from at least 3 independent experiments. Student t-tests confirm that all genes are significantly down-regulated in the VicK mutant relative to the UA159 wild-type progenitor strain (p<0.001).</p
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