47 research outputs found
The Transformation of Right to Property in the Post-Communist Period in Albania. The Impact of the Italian Civil Code in the Way of Acquisition of Ownership in the Albanian Civil Code of 1994
No full textIn the 1990s, Albania faced the tranformation of communist property into private property. The paper studies the political-ideological elements for transformation of communist property. In addition, this scientific contribution aims to show the impact of the Italian civil code by examining in particular the part related to acquisition of ownership. The authors choose this part since the ways of acquisition of property demonstrate the intervention of the State in private property. Furhermore, the acquisition of ownership is also codified in the Albanian Constitution of 1998 by considering it as a constitutional norm. In the conclusions, this contribution shows different legal reasons for the Italian impact on the Albanian civil code of 1994.
The importance of legal proxy in end-of-life decisions in some western european countries
No full textThis paper shows the codification of the role of surrogate in end-of-life decisions. After providing a general overview of patient autonomy by applying an ethical approach and by examining the two main types of patient authonomy - individualist view of autonomy and relational autonomy - the authors focus on "surrogate will". In addition, this contribution examines examples of nomination of legal proxies established in national laws governing end-of-life decision making in Roman-speaking countries (Italy, France, Portugal and Spain), the English-speaking countries (Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), and German-speaking countries (Austria, germany and switzerland). The paper also studies the recent national laws; in particular, the Italian law n. 219 of December 2017 and the different modifications of the France Code de la Santé Publique of March 2015 and of February 2016. The contribution demonstrate that some national parliaments have already noticed the practical problems coming from the application of "living will" by highlighting the role of legal proxies as it is emphasized by the ethical community
Building Information Modeling in Italy: An Interdisciplinary Approach
No full textIn the new millennium, the construction industry is becoming one of the most important economic actors, not only internationally or supranationally, but also in Italy. Among other new technologies used in construction, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has changed the construction method. Indeed, in Italy, the implementation of BIM has increased and from April 2023 has become a mandatory requirement for all public tenders over 1 million euros, that will be published after January 2023. While the application of BIM within one company in a single stage of a single discipline might not face several civil legal challenges, the application of integrated BIMs needs a new approach to resolve issues related to civil law. This paper aims neither to give a detailed technical analysis of BIM nor to resolve complex issues through a civil law approach. The research, through an interdisciplinary approach, case-law study, and critical investigation, aims to demonstrate the main BIM advantages and propose an innovative approach to BIM contracts. In conclusion, the contribution highlights that if BIM is used to its full efficiency, traditional rules of the Civil Code might face difficulties in their application
A New Law of Advance Directives in Italy: A Critical Legal Analysis
No full textThe article analyses the new legislation regulating advance directives in Italy (Law No 219 of December 2017) and studies and critically examines the two types of advance directives through an italian legal perspective: living wills and nominations of surrogate. It also applies a legal comparison approach
Case-Law on Informed Consent in Germany: A Model for Albania?
No full textSince the 1990s, Albania has recognized human dignity as one of thr main constitutional principlrs. Germany is one of the countries that has a long tradition of protecting human dignity in patient-physician relations. Thi contribution studies the German Law on informed consent to medical treatment, Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Rechte von Patientinnen und Patienten of February 2013 through the application of a case-law study. This paper investigates the possibility that Albanian judges could apply the legal arguments of theigerman collegues since in the case of case-law study there is an absence of political interference, which can better demonstrate the ethical principle of autonomy and the right to self-determination
Challenges in Legal BIM and Civil Law in Italy: an innovative approach to contracts
No full textitalian
Right to property of the religious entities in Albania in the second half of XXth century: from banning it to the rights to restitution and compensation
No full textThe right to property and the right to freedom of religion are fundamental human
rights. During the second half of the XXth century, Albania passed from banning the right
to religion to codifying the right to restitution or compensation to religious entities. Nevertheless,
the absence of controls over the privatization process gave a negative effect:
the property of several religious entities, as other Albanian citizens, was not restituted by
codifying a right to compensation
I REGISTRI COMUNALI ITALIANI DELLE DICHIARAZIONI ANTICIPATE DI TRATTAMENTO: CARATTERISTICHE, EFFICACIA E LIMITI (THE ITALIAN MUNICIPAL REGISTRIES OF ADVANCE DIRECTIVES: CHARACTERISTICS, EFFECTIVENESS AND LIMITS)
No full textRIASSUNTO
OBIETTIVI. Per colmare il vuoto legislativo sulle Dichiarazioni Anticipate di Trattamento (DAT), alcuni comuni italiani hanno istituito dei registri per raccogliere le DAT o le certificazioni dell’avvenuta compilazione. L’obiettivo di questo studio era indagare la disponibilità e le caratteristiche di tali registri nei maggiori comuni italiani e determinare quante persone ne hanno usufruito.
MATERIALI E METODI. Sono stati presi in considerazione i 118 capoluoghi di provincia (15.506.964 residenti adulti). Per quelli che avevano un registro delle DAT sono state raccolte informazioni riguardo a: 1. servizi di informazione/assistenza; 2. numero di utilizzatori; 3. caratteristiche del registro (tipologia, requisiti per usare il registro, persone a cui è consentito l’accesso); 4. istruzioni che era possibile includere nelle DAT e possibilità di modificarle o revocarle.
RISULTATI. Nel settembre 2014, 30 capoluoghi di provincia (8.835.097 residenti adulti) avevano un registro delle DAT. In 12 (40%) erano presenti dei servizi di informazione/assistenza. Aveva utilizzato un registro delle DAT lo 0.041% dei residenti adulti (range 0,013-0,078%). Le caratteristiche dei registri e le istruzioni erano molto variabili e solo 3 (10%) erano accessibili a professionisti sanitari. La possibilità di modifica e revoca era prevista in 23 casi (77%).
ABSTRACT
AIM. In recent years, in order to fill the lack of national legislation regarding advance directives (ADs), Italian municipalities have created registries to collect residents’ ADs or certifications for ADs. We aimed to investigate the availability and characteristics of AD registries in the most populated Italian towns, and to determine how many citizens used these registries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. We surveyed all 118 Italian provincial capitals (15,506,964 adult residents). For towns with an AD registry, we collected information about: 1. AD-related information/assistance services; 2. number of people who used the registry; 3. registry characteristics (i.e., type, requirements to use the registry, people who were allowed access to the information); 4. which instructions it was possible to include in the ADs, and the possibility of modifying or revoking them.
RESULTS. By September 2014, 30 provincial capitals (8,835,097 adult residents) had created AD registries. AD-related services were present in 12 municipalities (40%). The proportion of citizens who used the registries was 0.041% of adult residents (range 0.013-0.078%). The registry rules varied widely and only 3 registries (10%) were directly accessible to healthcare providers. The option to modify or revoke ADs was provided in 23 cases (77%).
DISCUSSION. Limited availability, lack of consistency and inability of healthcare providers to access registries are likely to make this bottom-up attempt to safeguard personal autonomy ineffective, highlighting the urgent need for legislation about ADs in order to guarantee to all Italian citizens to have a voice in decisions about their future care
Right to Property of the Religious Entities in Albania in the Second Half of XXth century: from Banning it to the Right to Restitution and Compensation
No full textThe right to property and the right to freedom of religion are fundamental human rights. During the second half of the XXth century, Albania passed from banning the right to religion to codifying the right to restitution or compensation to religious entities. Nevertheless, the absence of controls over the privatization process gave a negative effect:
the property of several religious entities, as other Albanian citizens, was not restituted by codifying a right to compensation.Il diritto di proprietà e il diritto di professare liberamente la propria fede religiosa sono diritti umani fondamentali. Nella seconda metà del XX secolo, l’Albania è passata dal divieto assoluto del diritto di professare liberamente la propria fede religiosa alla codificazione del diritto alla restituzione o al risarcimento degli enti religiosi. Tuttavia, l’assenza di controlli sul processo di privatizzazione ha avuto un effetto negativo: la proprietà di diversi enti religiosi, come di altri cittadini albanesi, non è stata restituita agli enti religiosi codificando così un diritto al risarcimento
