1,721,091 research outputs found
Cosmetici e sindrome da occhio secco: quali correlazioni?
No full textI cosmetici possono causare o esacerbare una DED già esistente attraverso molteplici meccanismi riconducibili nella
grande maggioranza dei casi a modifiche dello strato lipidico del film lacrimale con riduzione della stabilità del film stesso,
conseguente a migrazione del prodotto all’interno dell’occhio
Patologie della superficie oculare: una epidemia legata agli stili di vita
No full textCrescita e invecchiamento della popolazione, uniti al comportamento e ai cambiamenti nello stile di vita, e all'urbanizzazione, aumenteranno drasticamente
il numero di persone con problemi agli occhi e con cecità nei prossimi decenni (1). In particolare, le malattie legate allo stile di vita sono causate
principalmente dalle abitudini quotidiane degli individui, che diventano sempre più dipendenti dall’utilizzo di dispositivi elettronici e, di recente, di dispositivi di protezione legati all’emergenza sanitaria Covid-correlata. Tali comportamenti possono causare una serie di problemi di salute che producono malattie croniche non trasmissibili ma con una ridotta qualità della vita.
Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS, www.tearfilm.org) è una organizzazione no-profit internazionale attiva dal 2000 che promuove il progresso nella ricerca e negli aspetti educativi relativi alle malattie della superficie oculare, coinvolgendo ricercatori, clinici, accademici e rappresentanti
del settore produttivo, a livello mondiale. TFOS stimola interazioni tra i membri con competenze interdisciplinari, organizzando e coordinando conferenze internazionali, incontri, workshop, seminari ed eventi. Dal primo report sulla malattia dell’occhio secco del 2007 (TFOS International Dry Eye WorkShop, DEWS ITM) aggiornato nel 2017 (TFOS DEWS IITM), sono stati pubblicati un workshop sulla disfunzione delle ghiandole di Meibomio nel 2010 e uno sul discomfort da lenti a contatto nel 2017, tutti tradotti anche in italiano e scaricabili dal sito.
Il prossimo workshop sul quale TFOS sta lavorando per il 2022 si concentrerà sulle conseguenze delle scelte di vita che facciamo, direttamente o indirettamente, relative alla superficie oculare, e i temi trattati, enunciati di seguito, sono trasversali ed estremamente attuali
Sex, gender and hormones in dry eye disease
No full textA variety of sex related differences in the eye have been identified, and many of these have been associated to the effects of sex steroids. Significant sex related differences have been demonstrated in the anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, lens, vitreous, and retina. In the ocular surface, sex differences have been found in the lacrimal gland, Meibomian gland, cornea, conjunctiva, nasolacrimal duct and tear film, with reference in particular to the anatomy, immunity, pain perception. It is believed that these differences may contribute, at least in part, to the female prevalence of Dry Eye Disease (DED). Not only androgens, estrogens and progestins, but also the hypothalamic- pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, and thyroid hormones have an influence in the sex related variations. The role of X-chromosome genes has also been demonstrated. Gender (the person's self-representation as male or female) can also lead to related differences in DED, including health care utilization, treatment outcomes, impact on the quality of life. Overall, sex, hormones and gender play a key role in the difference of DED prevalence between men and women, and are important variable to be taken into account to validate the scientific research of DED in the future
Trehalose/hyaluronate eyedrop effects on ocular surface inflammatory markers and mucin expression in dry eye patients
Full text linkAim: To assess the ocular surface parameters, inflammatory marker level in tears, and mucin expression in conjunctival epithelium before and after treatment with trehalose/hyaluronate tear substitute in dry eye (DE) patients. Patients and methods: Fifteen DE patients were evaluated in an open-label, pilot study at enrollment, after 2 days of washout (baseline) and after 1 and 2 months (endpoint) of treatment with a trehalose/hyaluronate tear substitute (one drop/eye/three times daily). Data for symptoms of discomfort (Ocular Surface Disease Index and Visual Analogue Scale pain score), tear film (Schirmer test I, tear film breakup time), ocular surface damage (corneal National Eye Institute) and conjunctival van Bijsterveld scores, impression cytology scored by Nelson’s grade and goblet cells (GCs) number/mm2 analysis, and MUC4 immunostaining, and inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels) were measured. Results: Significant changes at endpoint as compared to baseline were found for Ocular Surface Disease Index score (respectively, mean±SD, 22.2±2.9 vs 38.7±12.7), Visual Analogue Scale score (3.4±1.3 vs 6.6±1.4), tear film breakup time (8.6±1.28 vs 6.17±1.9 seconds), corneal staining (National Eye Institute grade 1.23±0.64 vs 3.37±0.49), conjunctival staining (1.73±1.14 vs 4.17±0.91), impression cytology (Nelson grade 1.10±0.20 vs 1.63±0.54), and GC density (139.9±22.0 vs 107.8±16.2 GC/mm2). IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 tear levels showed a significant decrease at endpoint as compared to baseline (respectively, pg/mL tears: 12.3±6.9, 26.6±25.2, 743.5±477.7 vs 33.6±17.3, 112.0±24.3, 1,139.2±671.7). Conclusions: A decrease in ocular discomfort symptoms, surface damage, and tear cytokine levels was shown after 2 months’ treatment with trehalose/hyaluronate tear substitute in DE patients, along with a significant GC density recovery. These results may be associated with the synergic action of both trehalose and hyaluronic acid in targeting different entries of the DE vicious loop
Use of eye drops obtained from homologous blood source in the time of COVID-19: is there cause for ophthalmological concern?
No full textSubjective discomfort onset and intensity are correlated to low corneal temperature in dry eye patients
No full textTrehalose/Hyaluronate eyedrops effects on ocular surface parameters, inflammatory markers and mucin expression in evaporative Dry Eye patients
No full textLong-lasting corneal endothelial graft rejection successfully reversed after dexamethasone intravitreal implant
Full text linkGraft rejection is the most significant complication corneal transplantation and the leading indication for overall corneal transplantation. Corticosteroid therapy represents the mainstay of graft rejection treatment; however, the optimal route of administration of corticosteroid remains uncertain. We report herein for the first time the multimodal imaging of a case of long-lasting corneal endothelial graft rejection successfully reversed 3 months after dexamethasone intravitreal implant. A 29-year-old Asian female presented with a long-lasting corneal endothelial graft rejection in her left phakic eye. She underwent penetrating keratoplasty for advanced keratoconus 24 months before presentation. Hourly dexamethasone eyedrops, daily intravenous methylprednisolone, and one parabulbar injection of methylprednisolone acetate were administered during the 5 days of hospitalization. However, the clinical picture remained approximately unchanged despite therapy. By mutual agreement, we opted for the off-label injection of dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant in order to provide therapeutic concentrations of steroid for a period of ~6 months. No other concomitant therapies were prescribed to the patient. Visual acuity measurement, slit lamp biomicroscopy, anterior segment photography, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, laser cell flare meter, intraocular pressure measurement, and ophthalmoscopy were performed monthly for the first postoperative 6 months. Three months after injection, both clinical and subclinical signs of rejection disappeared with a full recovery of visual acuity to 20/30 as before the episode. Currently, at the 12-month follow-up visit, the clinical picture remains stable without any sign of rejection, recurrence, or graft failure. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant seems to be a new potential effective treatment for corneal graft rejection, particularly in case of poor compliance or lack of response to conventional treatment. In addition, it could be especially useful in diabetic patients unable to receive systemic steroids
Ocular-surface temperature modification by cataract surgery
Full text linkPurpose To analyze ocular-surface temperature changes after microincision cataract surgery and to correlate them with surgical, clinical, and laboratory parameters. Setting Ophthalmology Unit, Saint Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy. Design Prospective case series. Methods Patients affected by monolateral senile cataract were examined preoperatively and 7 days and 28 days postoperatively. Infrared thermography was used to measure the temperature soon after eye opening, the temperature after 10 seconds of sustained eye opening, and the difference between these 2 values in the central cornea, nasal limbus, and temporal limbus. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer test, vital staining, tear breakup time (TBUT), conjunctival scraping cytology, exudated tear-serum albumin, and laser flare–cell meter examinations were performed. Results The study comprised 26 patients (10 men, 16 women). The temperature changed significantly after surgery. The temperature soon after eye opening showed cooling in the central cornea and nasal limbus and heating in the temporal limbus. The temperature after 10 seconds of sustained eye opening minus the temperature soon after eye opening increased in all regions. The temperature after 10 seconds of sustained eye opening minus the temperature soon after eye opening in the central cornea was inversely related to the OSDI and directly related to TBUT. The temperature soon after eye opening increased in the temporal limbus and was directly related to inflammatory indices. Conclusions The ocular-surface temperature changed after cataract surgery depending on the region analyzed. The cooling in the central cornea could be related to the increased tear-film instability. The heating in the temporal limbus could be related to postoperative inflammation. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned
Photorefractive keratectomy in 22 adult eyes with infantile nystagmus syndrome
No full textPurpose To analyze visual and refractive outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in adult patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome. Setting Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Saint Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Photorefractive keratectomy was performed in both eyes of patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome under topical anesthesia using an eye-tracking excimer laser. Patient satisfaction was tested using a questionnaire. The main outcomes were a decrease in refractive error, an improvement in postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) equal to or better than the preoperative UDVA. Results Twenty-two eyes of 11 patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome were evaluated. The mean patient age was 30.82 years (range 22 to 42 years). All eyes had simple, compound, or mixed astigmatism (mean -3.40 D; range -0.75 to -6.00 diopters [D]). The mean postoperative astigmatism (-0.70 D ± 0.81 [SD]) and spherical equivalent (-0.420 ± 0.652 D) were statistically significantly better than the preoperative values (-3.40 ± 1.31 D and -3.426 ± 3.343 D, respectively (P <.0001 and P =.0002, respectively). The mean monocular postoperative CDVA (0.24 ± 0.19 logMAR) and UDVA (0.25 ± 0.18 logMAR) were better than the mean preoperative CDVA (0.32 ± 0.28 logMAR) (P =.0045 and P =.0338, respectively). The mean binocular postoperative UDVA was better than the mean preoperative CDVA (0.15 ± 0.14 logMAR versus 0.23 ± 0.23 logMAR) (P =.05). No patient required repeat surgery. Conclusions Nystagmus patients are eligible for PRK. The results were promising; gaining a few Snellen lines in visual acuity can be very important to these patients for their daily life. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned
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