1,721,049 research outputs found
Soil health data of 20 maize-based conservation agriculture experiments in Mexico
No full textConservation agriculture (CA) is based on minimal tillage, permanent soil cover and crop diversification. The data in this study were collected in a field trial network established to adapt CA to Mexico’s diverse cropping systems and local conditions. Soil health was studied in 20 trials with maize (Zea mays L.) in acro-ecologies ranging from handplanted traditional systems to intensive irrigated systems, initiated between 1991 and 2016. Soil in CA was compared to the local conventional practice, commonly involving tillage, residue removal and continuous maize. Samples for lab analysis were collected at 0-5 cm and 5-30 cm. Soil health parameters measured were organic matter, P concentration, interchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, Na and K), micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn), S, nitrates, soil texture, electrical conductivity and mean weight diameter of soil aggregates after dry and wet sieving. Measurements of physical soil health in the field included time-to-pond and penetration resistance with a dynamic penetrometer
Dataset of grain damage and seed quality of maize stored for three and six months in the Central Highlands of Mexico in 2019
No full textThe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) implemented storage experiments in 2019 at the experiment station of El Batán Texcoco, the State of Mexico, Mexico (2282 m above sea level), to evaluate the impact of storage technologies on seed of maize landraces. Experimented were conducted on four Mexican landraces during three and six months of storage and compared the effectiveness of farmers' conventional storage practices (polypropylene bags) and hermetic technologies (either the GrainPro Hermetic SuperGrainbag® Premium RZ, a hermetic bag with a Zip system, or plastic bottles used as airtight storage technologies) in minimizing seed losses and maintaining germination. Data collected include: (1) characteristics of the maize that was stored (name of landrace, moisture content, temperature) (2) grain damage data (percentage of insect-damaged grain, percentage of kernel without damage, weight loss) before and after storage experiments; (3) number of live insects per 500 g of sample (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Prostephanus truncatus Horn, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier); (4) seed quality parameters (percentages of normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, germination, non-germinated viable seeds, non-germinated non-viable seeds)
Water use and grain yield with conservation agriculture and conventional tillage under furrow and drip irrigation for maize and barley in the Mexico Bajío
No full textThe database contains data about water use in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and maize (Zea Mays) production in the Mexican Bajío. Water use and grain yield were evaluated under conventional tillage and under conservation agriculture in permanent raised beds, both under furrow irrigation and under drip irrigation. The data in this study were collected between 2016 and 2021 in CIMMYTs’ Bajío innovation hub in a research platform (a dedicated field experiment) and in innovation modules (side by side comparisons in farmers’ fields). For the platform, de data base contains data of three maize (summer) and three barley (winter) cycles, including water use, grain yield and data on key field operations. For the farmers’ fields, the data base contains the yield and water use data from 23 modules, as well as fuel use and soil health data from a subset of modules
Weed biomass and density in a long-term conservation agriculture experiment in Mexico
No full textWeed management can be one of the main challenges when adopting conservation agriculture. Although all three components of conservation agriculture (minimal tillage, permanent soil cover and crop diversification) can have a reducing effect on weed populations, these effects may only become apparent in the medium to long term. This study evaluated weed biomass, density and diversity with and without control by herbicides in a long-term trial that was initiated in 1991 in the Mexican Highlands to evaluate all three components of conservation agriculture. The experiment was located in the experiment station of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) at El Batan, Texcoco, in the state of Mexico (2240 masl; 19.318N, 98.508W). The climate was semi-arid, with a mean annual temperature of 14°C, and 616 mm average annual rainfall between 1995 and 2015, of which on average 567 mm fell during the growing season (May–October). The soil was a Haplic Phaeozem (clayic). Data were collected in 16 treatments, which consisted of the full factorial combination between the factors of tillage, soil cover and crop rotation, including continuous wheat or maize, and wheat and maize rotations, with both phases of the double crop rotation included each year; keeping all residue on the field or removing all residue for fodder (R) and conventional tillage or zero tillage with direct seeding. The data set contains weed density data collected in 2004, 2013, 2014 and 2015 and weed biomass data collected in 2005, 2013, 2014 and 2015
Data for: Hermetic storage technologies preserve maize seed quality and minimize grain quality loss in smallholder farming systems in Mexico
No full textOdjo et al. (2020) reported results on the effect of different storage technologies on postharvest losses of maize. CIMMYT and its network of collaborators implemented a second part of these experiments in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of different storage storages technologies on grain and seed quality under “controlled” (i.e., managed by researchers) conditions and to assess the relationships between storage conditions, grain composition, grain damage, and grain and seed quality parameters (Odjo et al., 2021). Each experiment compared the conventional storage technology (polypropylene bag with and/or aluminum phosphide) commonly used by farmers in the area to other storage technologies (selected from hermetic metal silos, hermetic bags, recycled plastic bottle, silage plastic bags, polypropylene bag with standard lime-calcium hydroxide- polypropylene bag with micronized lime). The dataset contains data about the experiments:
(1) characteristics of the site of experiments (elevation, municipality, state, type of climate);
(2) storage technologies evaluated;
(3) grain characteristics (type of variety-hybrid or native-, color of the maize variety evaluated) moisture content, temperature);
Additionally, it consists in data collected at the beginning and the end of each experiment:
(1) grain damage and number of live insects per 500 g of sample: percentage of insect-damaged grain, percentage of fungi-damaged grain, percentage of total damage, weight loss; number of live Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, number of live Prostephanus truncatus Horn, number of live Sitotroga cerealella Olivier); These data were published by Odjo et al. (2020), but are paired here with new data;
(5) storage time (in days and months) and average climatic data during storage period (minimum and maximum temperature, minimum and maximum relative humidity already published by Odjo et al. (2020);
(6) seed quality parameters: percentages of normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, germination, non-germinated viable seeds, non-germinated non-viable seeds;
(7) grain chemical and physical composition: percentages of starch, protein and oil contents; hundred kernel weight; flotation index; ether extract; fat acidity; p-coumaric acid and total ferulic acids contents; color parameters L*, a*, b* and total color difference ΔE*
Maize postharvest losses during storage in smallholder farming systems in Mexico, data from 109 locations
No full textCIMMYT and its network of collaborators in Mexico, conducted a series of experiments across agroecological zones of Mexico in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of different storage technologies on postharvest losses of maize. Experiments were conducted under “controlled” (i.e., managed by researchers) and “non-controlled” conditions (i.e., on-farm managed by extension agents). Each experiment compared the conventional storage technology (polypropylene bag with and/or aluminum phosphide or deodorized malathion) commonly used by farmers in the area to one or more other storage technologies (selected from hermetic metal silos, hermetic bags, recycled plastic containers, silage plastic bags, polypropylene bag with standard lime-calcium hydroxide- polypropylene bag with micronized lime). Data collected at the beginning and the end of each experiment included: (1) characteristics of the site of experiments (elevation, municipality, state, type of climate); (2) storage technologies evaluated; (3) grain characteristics (type of variety-hybrid or native-, moisture content, temperature); (4) grain damage data (percentage of grain impurities, percentage of insect-damaged grain, percentage of fungi-damaged grain, percentage of total damage, weight losses); (5) number of live insects per 500 g of sample (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Prostephanus truncatus Horn, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier); (6) storage time (in days and months) and average climatic data during storage period (minimum and maximum temperature, minimum and maximum relative humidity)
Weed management by tillage by site interaction experiment in Oaxaca, Mexico
No full textThe experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in three regions in Oaxaca, Mexico. The design of the study was to evaluate fifteen combinations of tillage and weed management practices at each of the three sites, with each trial consisting of three blocks with a different type of tillage: zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT).
The first site is in the “Sitio Experimental Mixteca” research station in Santo Domingo Yanhuitlán, the Mixteca Region, located at 2195 m above sea level (masl), it has Vertisol soils, a temperate subhumid climate. The second site is in the town of San Felipe Zihualtepec in the municipality of San Juan Cotzocón, Papaloapan Region, located at 60 masl and has Luvisol soils, a hot humid climate. The third location was in the town of Ciénega de Zimatlán in the municipality with the same name, Valles Centrales Region. The original site was changed in 2017 to a nearby field, because the collaborating farmer did not want to continue the trial. Both fields are located at 1552 masl, have Vertisol soils, a hot semi-arid climate.
Weed management treatments were conducted similarly in all tillage treatments and reflected common local practices and available herbicides or equipment, as well as weather, soil moisture and weed species and comprised combinations of the following: 1) MEC, mechanical control. Weeds were mechanically controlled after reaching 20 cm in height approximately 20-25 days after sowing (DAS), as per the common practice. Weeding was carried out with a hand hoe by 4 to 10 workers per hectare, depending on the quantity of weeds, or using a tractor-drawn cultivator. 2)PRE, pre-emergent herbicide. Only a pre-emergent herbicide with residual effect was applied before sowing. 3) POST, post-emergent herbicide. When weeds reached 5-10 cm in height and based on soil moisture conditions and the types of weeds present, a selective herbicide or direct contact herbicide was applied. 4) PRE+POST, integrated weed management. A pre-emergent herbicide was applied, followed by post-emergence control as necessary, using either selective herbicides or manual controls. 5) CONT, control: No weed management was practiced.
The dataset contains the data on maize yield, weed density, weed species (broadleaf or narrowleaf) and weed biomass from the experiment
Durum wheat performance (10 years of data) and grain quality (three years of data) with two tillage and two sowing irrigation practices under five nitrogen fertilizer treatments in northwestern Mexico
No full textThe experiment was initiated in 2008 and concluded in 2018 to evaluate the performance of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) under conventionally tilled (CTB) and permanent beds (PB) under two sowing irrigation practices and five nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments in northwestern Mexico. It was located at the Norman E. Borlaug Experiment Station (CENEB) near Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico (lat. 27°22010″N, long. 109°55051″E, 38 masl) and had a randomized complete block design for four environments (ENV) that combined tillage and sowing irrigation practice: CTB with wet and dry sowing and PB with wet and dry sowing. The PB treatments had been under conservation agriculture for over ten years previously to the experiment. Plots were defined by N fertilizer management, with three replicates. Plots were 3 m wide (4 beds of 0.75 m width) and 10 m long, a space of 30 m2. The CTB were tilled after each crop with a disk harrow to 20 cm depth and new beds were formed. The PB were only reshaped every year in the furrow without disturbing the soil on the bed. In wet sowing, 100-120 mm irrigation was applied two-to-three weeks before sowing; in dry sowing, the field was irrigated one or two days after sowing, which provided higher soil moisture content during germination than wet sowing. Four auxiliary irrigations of 80-100 mm were applied to all plots each cycle. The N fertilizer treatments consisted of a control treatment with no N fertilizer and five treatments with different doses and divisions between first and second fertilization applied as urea. The basal N application was done on the same day as the pre-sowing irrigation, applying the fertilizer in the furrow and incorporating it through irrigation. The N application at first node was completed immediately prior to the first auxiliary irrigation. Nitrogen was applied either once (basal) or split between pre-sowing and first node (split).
The data set contains daily weather data for the weather station closest to the experimental site for 2008-2018 (reference evapotranspiration, precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature), yield data (grain yield, biomass yield and straw yield for durum wheat), grain quality data (test weight and thousand kernel weight), and plant physiological data (plant stand, days from flowering to maturity, NDVI) for 2009-2018, grain and straw N data for three years, soil temperature for two years and soil moisture for one year
Yield of maize, wheat and barley planted on wide and narrow permanent beds, under irrigated and rainfed conditions in Mexico
No full textWe investigated the effect of bed width on grain yield under irrigated and rainfed conditions, for crops grown on permanent beds, where the top of the raised beds is not tilled. The study included nine sites in Central Mexico, where wide and narrow permanent beds were compared at the same site for at least three consecutive crop cycles. Six trials were selected under rainfed conditions in the states of Queretaro, Guanajuato, Michoacan, and State of Mexico, and three more with irrigation, which were located in Guanajuato and Queretaro. The data were collected in different periods, from 2007 to 2019. The database contains yield data for maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Trititcum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) planted on wide and narrow permanent beds
Soil organic matter dynamics after 27 years of different tillage-residue management in northern Mexico
No full textWe examined soil organic matter (OM) dynamics in a wheat (Triticum durum L.) – maize (Zea mays L.) irrigated bed planting system established in 1992 at the Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug (CENEB) near Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico (27°33’N, 109°09’W; elevation 38 m). The location has an arid subtropical climate with a mean annual temperature of 23.7 °C and average precipitation of 311 mm. Treatments included conventionally tilled raised beds (CTB) with residue incorporated (CTB-I) and permanent raised beds (PB) with residue burned (PB-B), removed (PB-R), partly retained (PB-P) or fully retained (PB-K) receiving 0, 150, or 300 kg N/ha. We sampled surface soil (0-15 cm) in 2019 and compared soil organic C (OC), total N (TN), and δ13C distribution in the whole-soil as well as within light- (LF) and mineral-associated OM (MAOM) fractions. Additionally, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize whole-soil OM composition
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