186,538 research outputs found
Preventive effects of broccoli bioactives : role on Oxidative stress and cancer risk
No full textCruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli) seem to have an important role in cancer prevention, as suggested by the results of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse association between their consumption and cancer risk at several sites. This class of vegetables contains several antioxidants and provides glucosinolates, which are converted to isothiocyanates and indoles, the bioactives believed to be responsible for most of the protection against cancer development. Numerous mechanisms of action have been studied; they involve interconnected signaling pathways important for cancer growth and progression including the direct and indirect effect on oxidative stress, and modulation of phase I and phase II enzymes and of epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, brassica vegetables may contribute to reducing free radical-related molecular damage in subjects, such as smokers, with high exposure to oxidative stress. In this regard, the effect of broccoli intake on biomarkers of oxidative stress and cancer risk in smokers is briefly discussed
Prediction of Impact-ionization-induced Snap-back In Advanced Si N-p-n Bjts By Means of A Nonlocal Analytical Model For the Avalanche Multiplication Factor
No full textAssuming a triangular shape for the electric field in the base-collector space-charge region of an n-p-n Si BJT enables the electron mean energy to be calculated analytically from a simplified energy-balance equation. On this basis a nonlocal impact-ionization model, suitable for computer-aided circuit simulation, has been obtained and used to calculate the output characteristics at constant emitter-base voltage (grounded base) of advanced devices. Provided the experimental bias-dependent value of the base parasitic resistance is accounted for in the device model, the base-collector voltage at which impact-ionization-induced snap-back occurs can be accurately predicted
Modelling Biological Leachate Treatment in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
No full textOld landfill leachates are characterised by a low content of biodegradable COD
when compared to TKN. Therefore, biological nitrogen removal can only be achieved if external
COD is added for denitrification. In this study leachate treatment in a lab-scale sequencing batch
reactor was modelled using the activated sludge model N. 1 with minor modifications. The
model was calibrated using experimental data of one cycle (about six hours) and validated over
one entire week of operation. The model was capable of simulating reasonably well the leachate
treatment processes. In particular, nitrite-built-up observed in the lab-scale reactor during
nitrification was as well simulated by the model. If compared with the experimental periods in
which complete nitrification was achieved, the nitrite accumulation diminished the external COD
that was necessary for denitrification. The nitrite built-up was monitored using dissolved oxygen
concentration behaviour in the reactor and, therefore, this signal could be used to develop a
control system for nitrogen removal optimisation
Sperimentazioni nei campi pozzi in località Villorba (TV) nell'alta pianura veneta finalizzate allo studio di alcuni fenomeni di inquinamento da solventi clorurati
No full textCD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in human autoimmune diabetes
No full textIn mouse models, CD4+CD25+ T cells are involved in maintenance of peripheral tolerance. In humans, a subset of CD4+CD25+ T cells expressing high levels of CD25 (CD4+CD25high) with characteristics identical to murine CD4+CD25+ was recently described. We evaluated the characteristics of CD4+CD25high T cells in peripheral blood of type 1 diabetic subjects (T1D) and normal controls (NC). In contrast to a previous report, we found no difference in the number of CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25+ T cells between T1D and NC. We confirmed previous studies that demonstrated that human CD4+CD25high cells can suppress the proliferation of co-cultured CD4+CD25- cells stimulated in conditions of sub-maximal cross-linking by anti-CD3 either with or without anti-CD28. However, we did not observe statistical differences between the normal controls and the chronic diabetic subjects we tested. Culturing of these cell populations did not appear to affect their ability to suppress proliferation in both groups. In conclusion, we found no significant differences in number or in vitro regulatory function of CD4+CD25high in chronic human T1D subjects
Nitrogen removal optimization in a sequencing batch reactor treating sanitary landfill leachate
No full textBiological nitrogen removal via nitrite may represent a promising process for the optimization of nitrogen removal, in particular in the presence of a low biodegradable COD/TKN ratio. In the present study a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was monitored for approximately 2 years to evaluate the use of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as monitoring parameters in order to optimize nitrogen removal via nitrite from leachate generated in old sanitary landfills. The SBR manifested a nitrification efficiency exceeding 99% whereas, due to the low biodegradability of the organic matter presents in the leachates, COD removal reached approximately 40% and the addition of external COD was required to accomplish denitrification process. Moreover, the results demonstrate that DO, pH and ORP are reliable parameters for use in the monitoring of nitritation and denitritation processes in SBRs treating landfill leachates. Through manual modification of the length of the SBR phases to achieve nitrogen removal via nitrite, the nitritation and denitritation processes were rendered unstable leading to the saving of 20% in addition of external COD, almost half the theoretically achievable value. Furthermore, the low dissolved oxygen concentration applied during the oxic phases in an attempt to increase the nitritation process would appear to cause the settling characteristics of the activated sludge to deteriorate
Extracting Mutual Inductance and Mutual Capacitance by Measuring Cross-Talk-Induced Average Currents
No full textAggregate Structure and Ligand Location Strongly Influence Cu-2+ Binding Ability of Cationic Metallosurfactants
No full textAggregate structure and ligand location strongly influence copper(II) binding ability of cationic metallosurfactant
Statistical Methodologies for Integrated Circuits Design
No full textThe continuous scaling of physical dimensions has strongly increased circuit performance variability and the traditional corner-case methodology is becoming unreliable. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for new and more accurate statistical models. In this scenario, the purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to give the reader the basic concepts of statistical modeling, and 2) to discuss a viable statistical approach that could be adopted into a traditional IC design flow for the next technology generations
Role of hazelnut consumption on DNA damage and lipid-related markers in children with primary dyslipidemia
No full textDyslipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development; it is closely associated with an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidant defense mechanisms (Tangvarasittichai 2015; Vaziri 2014). Nuts are a rich source of bioactives such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, phytosterols and polyphenols (Chen & Blumberg 2008). These compounds could play an important role not only in the management of dyslipidemia, but also in the modulation of oxidative stress.
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of hazelnut consumption on markers of oxidative stress, fatty acid composition of erythrocytes and serum lipids, in children with primary dyslipidemia.
Sixty children (11.5 ± 2.5 years) have participated in an 8-week controlled, parallel, dietary intervention study with hazelnuts (0.43 g/kg body weight per day). Subjects received dietary guidelines and were randomized in 3 groups: 1- hazelnuts with skin; 2- hazelnut without skin; 3- control (without hazelnuts).
Before and after intervention, blood samples were collected and used to evaluate the levels of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)-sensitive sites and H2O2-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (by comet assay), serum lipid profile (by automatic analyzer) and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids composition (by gas chromatography analysis).
Preliminary results in a subgroup (5 subjects receiving hazelnut with skin and 5 controls) show a reduction in the FPG-sensitive sites (from 13.8 ± 3.16% to 7.88 ± 2.98%) and H2O2-induced DNA damage (from 44.4 ± 3.1% to 35.7 ± 7.6%) following 8-week hazelnut consumption, while no effect seems to occur in the control group.
Hazelnut decreases serum LDL-C level (-11.2%; p= 0.01) and seems to affect erythrocyte membrane phospholipids composition compared to baseline, while no difference in triglycerides, total and HDL-C levels has been documented in the subgroup analyzed.
These preliminary results show a tendency towards a decrease in the levels of FPG-sensitive sites, H2O2-induced DNA damage and serum LDL-C after an 8-week hazelnut intervention. Data elaboration on the complete group of subjects will help understanding the effect of hazelnut consumption on lipid profile and markers of oxidative stress in children affected by primary dyslipidemia
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