1,720,992 research outputs found
COVID a year on: Inequalities and anxieties about returning to workplaces are becoming clearer
No full textLocal-level immigration and life satisfaction: the EU enlargement experience in England and Wales
Full text linkThe 2004 European Union enlargement resulted in an unprecedented wave of 1.5 million workers relocating from Eastern Europe to the UK. We study the links between this migrant inflow and life satisfaction of native residents in England and Wales. Combining the British Household Panel Survey with the Local Authority level administrative data from the Worker Registration Scheme, we find that higher levels of local immigration were associated with a decrease in life satisfaction among older, unemployed and lower-income people, and with an increase in life satisfaction among younger, employed, higher-income and better educated people. These findings are driven by the initial ‘migration shock’ – the inflows that occurred in the first two years after the enlargement. Overall, our study highlights the importance of local-level immigration in shaping the life satisfaction of receiving populations. We also argue that our results help explain the socio-demographic patterns observed in the UK Brexit vote
From monopoly to voice effects? British workplace unionism and productivity performance into the new millennium
No full textBritain has featured prominently in debates about unionism and productivity. This article suggests a recent revolution in the productivity effect of British unionism. A thorough review of extant evidence at various levels of aggregation indicates that whatever the broader cost to employee welfare and well-being, the hollowing and erosion of workplace unionism under Thatcherism delivered a one-off productivity dividend. However, by the turn of the millennium, extant Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) analysis shows that workplace unionism, where it remained, was no longer robustly linked to poorer productivity performance. Our private sector analysis of WERS2011 confirms this, while our analysis of the WERS2004–2011 panel indicates that stronger workplace unionism now positively promotes private sector productivity. A thorough contemplation of the shifting concomitants of modern British unionism suggests a variety of processes which may underlie our striking panel findings, underscoring the suggestion that there has been a revolution in British unionism's productivity implications, but also indicating mechanisms which may underlie positive productivity effects of joint regulation already apparent in other countries.</p
Beyond conflict: long-term labour market integration of internally displaced persons in post-socialist countries
Full text linkThe break-ups of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia were accompanied by some of the worst military conflicts in modern history, claiming lives of thousands of people and forcibly displacing millions. We study how people displaced by war and conflict within these countries fare on the labour market in the long term – 10 to 15 years after their displacement. Our conceptual framework draws on the theory of cumulative disadvantage and the notion of unemployment ‘scarring’. Data come from the Life in Transition II survey, conducted in post-conflict, post-socialist countries in 2010 (n=10,328). Multiple regression analysis reveals a significant long-term labour market disadvantage of forced displacement: people who fled conflict 10-15 years ago are more likely to be long-term unemployed, experience a recent job loss and work informally. We also find that people affected by conflict (both displaced and non-displaced) are more willing to acquire further education and training. These results are not uniform across demographic groups: displaced women consistently experience a greater labour market disadvantage than displaced men, and people affected by conflict in the younger age group (18-34) are particularly keen to acquire extra education and training. Overall, our results highlight a long-lasting vulnerability of the forcibly displaced in developing and transition economies, and advance the emerging literature on the effects of internal displacement on labour market outcomes and human capital accumulation. We also discuss how forced internal displacement extends the theory of cumulative disadvantage
Temporary employment, job satisfaction and subjective well-being
No full textThis article is concerned with whether employees on temporary contracts in Britain report lower well-being than those on permanent contracts, and whether this relationship is mediated by differences in dimensions of job satisfaction. Previous research has identified a well-being gap between permanent and temporary employees but has not addressed what individual and contract specific characteristics contribute to this observed difference. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, the article finds that a large proportion of the difference in self-reported well-being between permanent and temporary employees appears to be explained by differences in satisfaction with job security. Other dimensions of job satisfaction are found to be less important. In fact, after controlling for differences in satisfaction with security, the results suggest that temporary employees report higher psychological well-being and life satisfaction. This indicates that an employment contract characterized by a definite duration lowers individual well-being principally through heightened job insecurit
Understanding apprentice pay: interim report
Full text linkThis is the interim report from a study of apprentice pay in the UK. It uses a mixed methods approach. Econometrics analysis of the Apprentice Pay Survey and the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings confirms findings of previous reports that the apprentices are more likely to be paid below the minimum wage than other workers, and that this is most likely to occur when they move into the secodn year of an apprenticeship. The study also carried out interviews with apprentices, trainers and employers in the hairdressing and childcare sectors. Preliminary results are reported here, which indicate that apprentices rely strongly on others to provide accurate information about whether the correct wage is being pai
"Choose to be optimistic, it feels better?" Evidence of optimism on employment utility
Full text linkIndividual’s expected wages exceed predicted market wages. Rational expectations imply the divergence should be zero. If individuals over-estimate the return from their attributes and view the paid-employment return distribution too favourably, then conditional on market wages, subsequent employment utility is likely to be low through disappointment
The measurement of apprentice pay: report commissioned by the Low Pay Commission
No full textThis report considers the measurement of apprentice pay, both the accuracy of that measurement and what can be said about compliance with the National Minimum Wage. In summary, there are substantial problems with accurately identifying apprentice pay; however, it is possible to identify some consistent areas of concern. Of these, the most important is non-compliance amongst those in the second year of their apprenticeshi
Between a rock and a hard place: social partners and reforms in the wage-setting system in Greece under austerity
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