1,073 research outputs found
The role of small non-coding RNAs in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and transformation
No full textHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of two distinct pathologies, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive neoplasm of mature CD4+ T-cells, and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), a demyelinating neurodegenerative disease. The emerging importance of small noncoding RNAs in normal cell physiology and disease has prompted studies of their role in T-cell activation and transformation. The work described in the present thesis was aimed at understanding the role of small noncoding RNAs, in particular microRNAs and tRNA fragments (tRFs), in HTLV-1 infection and ATLL pathogenesis.
The laboratory generated small RNA libraries to identify the repertoire of small noncoding RNAs expressed in two HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines (C91PL and MT-2) compared to normal CD4+ T-cells. Results revealed upregulation of miR-34a in the cell lines. Many tRFs were identified in both uninfected and infected cells. One of the most abundant tRFs (tRF-3019) was derived from the 3’ end of tRNA-proline, which is considered to be the primer for HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase. Results of an in vitro reverse transcriptase assay verified that tRF-3019 was capable of priming HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase. Both tRNA-proline and tRF-3019 were detected in HTLV-1 virus particles. tRF-3019 may thus play an important role in HTLV-1 reverse transcription and could represent a target to control HTLV-1 infection.
Data from a microarray-based analysis of microRNA expression in ATLL samples compared to normal CD4+ T-cells revealed 21 downregulated microRNAs and 6 upregulated microRNAs. Upregulated microRNAs included miR-34a, which is a member of the highly conserved miR-34 family that acts as a tumor suppressor induced by p53 in other cell types. However, p53 is known to be functionally inactivated or mutated in ATLL cells and HTLV-1-infected cell lines. Treatment of infected cell lines with nutlin-3a, a drug that restores p53 activity by interfering with MDM2, resulted in an upregulation of miR-34a and strong downregulation of several of its predicted targets. These findings indicate that unblocking the p53 pathway in HTLV-1-infected cells promotes engagement of the miR-34a/mRNA regulatory network.
The final aim of the project was to identify microRNAs regulated by the viral regulatory protein Tax. To this end the HTLV-1-negative T-cell line Jurkat was transfected with a Tax expression plasmid and assayed for changes in mRNA and microRNA expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Results revealed significant alterations in the levels of 7 microRNAs in the presence of Tax. These included let-7g, whose levels were reduced in the Tax-expressing cells. Let-7g was also found to be downregulated in ATLL samples compared to normal CD4 cells analysed by microarrays, suggesting that this microRNA might play a tumor suppressor role in HTLV-1-mediated transformation. Experiments are currently underway to identify targets of let-7g in infected cells using as a starting point 14 genes identified by integrating results from microRNA target prediction programs with expression profiles for microRNAs and mRNAs in ATLL cells vs. CD4 controls
Recent Advances in Management of Diabetic Macular Edema
No full text<p>Recent advances in management of diabetic macular edema: Koushik Tripathy, MD; Yog Raj Sharma, MS; Karthikeya R, MBBS; Rohan Chawla, FRCS; Varun Gogia, MD; Subodh Kumar Singh, MD; Pradeep Venkatesh, MD; Rajpal Vohra, MD</p>
<p>Current Diabetes Reviews, 2015, 11, 79-97</p
sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231159834 - Supplemental material for Lean, green, and smart manufacturing: An ingenious framework for enhancing the sustainability of operations management on the shop floor in industry 4.0
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231159834 for Lean, green, and smart manufacturing: An ingenious framework for enhancing the sustainability of operations management on the shop floor in industry 4.0 by Varun Tripathi, Somnath Chattopadhyaya, A K Mukhopadhyay, Shubham Sharma, Vineet Kumar, Changhe Li and Sunpreet Singh in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p
Story of the Story-Teller: A Conversation with Ramendra Kumar
No full textRamendra Kumar (Ramen) is an award-winning writer, storyteller and inspirational speaker with 42 books to his name. Ramen’s writings have been published by many of the leading publishers in the county and translated into 30 languages. They have found a place in several textbooks and anthologies. He has written across all genres ranging from picture books to adult fiction, satire, poetry, travelogues, biographies and on issues related to parenting and relationships. He has been invited to literary festivals held in Denmark, Greece, Sharjah, Sri Lanka as well Indian events including the prestigious Jaipur Litfest to conduct storytelling sessions and creative writing workshops. He has also been empanelled by Pearson India Education Services as well as several schools to conduct workshops. He was nominated as a Jury Member for the Best Children’s Author Category of The Times of India’s ‘Women AutHer’ Awards 2020. Many of his stories have been showcased by popular audio streaming, apps both within and outside the country, such as Spotify, Gaatha, Talking Stories Radio – London et al.
An Engineer & an MBA, Ramen was serving as the General Manager (Corporate Communications), SAIL, Rourkela Steel Plant, when he took Voluntary Retirement to pursue his passion, in August 2020. To know more about the writer, you can visit his website www.ramendra.in & his page on Wikipedia. Dr. Sagar Kumar Sharma interviews the author and unfolds the pages of his life.
 
Interview with Lakshmi Raj Sharma, Author of The Tailor’s Needle
No full textInterview with Indian writer Lakshmi Raj Sharma, author of 'The Tailor's needle
Anatomical and functional outcomes of prophylactic laser of choroidal coloboma
No full text<p>Anatomical and functional outcomes of prophylactic laser of choroidal coloboma.Koushik Tripathy, Yog Raj Sharma, Harsh Inder Singh, Subodh Kumar Singh, Pradeep Venkatesh, Rajpal Vohra, Varun Gogia, Ravi Bypareddy, Babulal Kumawat46th Annual Scientific Congress of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists to be held at the Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre Brisbane, Australia on 22 to 26 November 2014</p>
<p>2014-11 | conference-poster</p>
<p>- See more at: https://orcid.org/my-orcid#sthash.c1sXoqNm.dpuf</p
The Federal Approach to FiscalDecentralisation: Conceptual Contours for Policy Makers
No full textChanchal Kumar Sharma,in his paper demonstrates that in order for fiscal decentralisation to be effective, it must be approached federally. A federal approach is not a decentralised approach but a dynamically balanced approach; one that constantly keeps on adjusting the contrasting forces of centralisation and decentralisation to create a system that can ensure good governance in accordance with the rapidly changing global and local scenario. According to the author, the good governance of the present time has to be federally flexible and dynamically decentralised and institutions of fiscal federalism are crucial for achieving such a dynamic equilibrium. Fiscal decentralisation cannot be detached from the broader principles of fiscal federalism if it is to be successful, irrespective of the fact of whether it is being carried out in a federal or non-federal country. He argues that too much decentralisation or an overly strong central federal government precludes the survival of a constitutional federal state.Federalism; Fiscal Decentralization; centralization
The Federal Approach to FiscalDecentralisation: Conceptual Contours for Policy Makers
No full textChanchal Kumar Sharma,in his paper demonstrates that in order for fiscal decentralisation to be effective, it must be approached federally. A federal approach is not a decentralised approach but a dynamically balanced approach; one that constantly
keeps on adjusting the contrasting forces of centralisation and
decentralisation to create a system that can ensure good governance in
accordance with the rapidly changing global and local scenario.
According to the author, the good governance of the present time has to
be federally flexible and dynamically decentralised and institutions of
fiscal federalism are crucial for achieving such a dynamic equilibrium.
Fiscal decentralisation cannot be detached from the broader principles
of fiscal federalism if it is to be successful, irrespective of the fact of
whether it is being carried out in a federal or non-federal country. He
argues that too much decentralisation or an overly strong central federal
government precludes the survival of a constitutional federal state
Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study
No full textABSTRACT
Introduction
One of the common practices observed in many parts of the world is smoking, of which tobacco forms an important constituent which is burned and inhaled. Smoking is known to have potential effect on body’s immune system, antioxidants level, and salivary cotinine levels. Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidant levels and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers.
Materials and methods
The present study included assessment of salivary parameters of smokers and nonsmokers. A total of 400 subjects were analyzed, of which 200 were active smokers and 200 were nonsmokers. Unstimulated salivary samples were taken and assessment of α-amylase levels was done using biochemical kit and spectrophotometer. Assessment of salivary catalase (CAT) activity was done using Luck method. For the determination of cotinine levels, Bioassay Technology Laboratory kit was used using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. After the assessment of levels of all the salivary parameters, all the data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed.
Results
α-Amylase in smokers and nonsmokers group was found to be 206.25 and 169.85 U/mL respectively. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary α-amylase levels among the two study groups. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary CAT levels among the smokers and nonsmokers group. We observed statistically significant results while comparing mean cotinine levels among smokers group and nonsmokers group.
Conclusion
Alteration in cotinine levels occurs in smokers in comparison to nonsmokers.
Clinical significance
Smoking can cause harmful effect on the oral mucous membrane by altering salivary defense components.
How to cite this article
Singh S, Sharma M, Rohilla N, Salgotra V, Kumar V, Sharma RK. Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):253-256.
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Smart Cities in India:A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textSmart cities have attained global popularity in the last decade. The present study attempts to find the trends of smart city research in India by exploring existing literature on this theme. Year-wise, author-wise, citation-wise, affiliation-wise, keywords-wise, country-wise and source-wise listing of literature are the parameters to conduct present study. Bibliometric method on Scopus database is employed. The research focus was determined by keyword co-occurrence using VOSviewer.</p
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