987 research outputs found
Fig. 2 in Der pannonische Raum und seine östlichen Interferenzen aus einer lepidopterologischen Perspektive
No full textFig. 2:Tie biogeographischen Regionen Rumäniens.Published as part of Rákosy, László & Varga, Zoltan, 2006, Der pannonische Raum und seine östlichen Interferenzen aus einer lepidopterologischen Perspektive, pp. 377-386 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 56 (2) on page 378, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.56.2.377-386, http://zenodo.org/record/521287
The Role of Regional Knowledge Sources for Innovation: An Empirical Assessment
Full text linkWe investigate the contribution of different inputs, particularly different knowledge sources, on regional patenting output in the framework of a knowledge production function. The knowledge sources included are R&D employment, size of public research institutions by field of research (budget), amount of university external research funds from private firms, public departments, German Science Foundation (DFG), and from other sources. The contribution of these knowledge sources is tested systematically on the level of German districts (Kreise) by including the respective information for the particular region and for adjacent regions. One main finding is that the quality of the university research makes some contribution to regional innovation while the mere size of the universities is unimportant. Differences in the effect on innovative output can be found according to academic disciplines and type of university. -- Wir untersuchen die Bedeutung verschiedener Inputs, insbesondere verschiedener Wissensquellen, für den regionalen Output an Erfindungen (Patente) mithilfe einer Wissensproduktionsfunktion. Als Wissensquellen werden die FuE-Beschäftigte im Privatsektor, die Größe der Universitäten und Fachhochschulen sowie das Volumen der von ihnen aus verschiedenen Quellen eingeworbenen Drittmittel berücksichtigt. Die Bedeutung dieser Wissensquellen wurde systematisch auf der Ebene der westdeutschen Kreise getestet, wobei Informationen sowohl über den jeweiligen Kreis als auch über die Nachbarkreise einbezogen wurden. Es stellt sich heraus, dass von der Qualität der in den Universitäten und Fachhochschulen betriebenen Forschung ein signifikanter Einfluss auf die regionale Innovationstätigkeit ausgeht. Die reine Größe der Universitäten und Fachhochschulen in der Region hat hingegen keinen Einfluss. Darüber hinaus ermitteln wir Unterschiede nach Herkunft von Drittmitteln sowie Unterschiede in der Bedeutung verschiedener Fachdisziplinen für regionale Innovationsaktivitäten. Wissensspillover sind im Wesentlichen auf die angrenzenden Kreise begrenzt.Wissen,Innovation,Spillover,Patente,regionale Analyse,Knowledge,innovation,spillovers,patents,regional analysis
Measuring the efficiency of regional innovation systems: an empirical assessment
Full text linkWe measure the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function. This function relates private sector Research and Development (R&D) in a region to the number of inventions that have been registered by residents of that region. Two approaches are followed. First, it is assumed that differences in the productivity of private sector R&D between regions affect the slope of the KPF, which represents the marginal productivity of R&D input. The second approach assesses regional differences within the framework of a stochastic frontier knowledge production function. This approach mainly reveals differences with regard to the intercept of the knowledge production function and, therefore, with regard to the average productivity. We compare the results of both approaches and discuss a number of critical issues such as the properties of the distribution of efficiencies, the appropriate size of RIS, and how to deal with the issue of spatial autocorrelation. --Knowledge,innovation,spillovers,patents,regional analysis
Dynamic immigration control improving inverse old-age dependency ratio in a pay-as-you-go pension system
No full textThe sustainability of pay-as-you-go pension systems is a major concern in most European countries. Considering the inverse old-age dependency ratio (the proportion of the class of actives to pensioners) as a sustainability index, based on a classical demographic model, a new optimal control model is proposed where the sustainability index grows along a prescribed trajectory, minimizing the annual immigration flow over a given time horizon. In addition to the admission of young immigrants, immigrant females, by having higher birth rates than the residents, can substantially improve the sustainability index. For the efficiency of the immigration policy, the admission of immigrants is also differentiated by age. Within the limits of our model, the social cost of sustainability in terms of immigration can be estimated on beforehand. Therefore, the simulation analysis of our model may give a sound foundation to the corresponding decision of policy makers. © 2014 Elsevier B.V
The Role of Regional Knowledge for Innovation
Full text linkThere is a broad consent that the extent, quality as well as the success of innovation activity is critically dependent on the generation and the application of knowledge. It is also widely recognized that innovation processes have a pronounced regional dimension and that the conditions for innovation activity may differ considerably between geographic areas. We investigate the contribution of different inputs, particularly different knowledge sources, on regional patenting output in the framework of a knowledge production function. Earlier work (Fritsch & Franke, 2004) suggests that there are considerable differences with regard to the role of different types of knowledge for innovation activity. These different types of knowledge have different degrees of localization. We expect that the impact of the knowledge sources differs by field of as well as according to the type of institution (university vs. non-university public research institution). .One may, therefore, expects that the technology opportunity differs across sectors and geographical areas. However, little is known about such differences. The innovation indicator used in our analysis is the number of patents. The knowledge sources included are: •R&D employment, •R&D employment in small firms and large firms respectively, •Qualification of the regional workforce, •Qualification of employees in small firms and large firms respectively, •Size (number of employees, budget) of public research institutions by field of research. •Amount of research funds from private firms by field of study. •Amount of external research funds from public departments by field of study. •Amount of external research funds from the German Science Foundation (DFG) by field of study. The contribution of these knowledge sources is tested systematically on the level of German districts (Kreise). Information on the different knowledge sources is available for each district on a yearly basis. We test the influence of the knowledge sources in different specifications by including the respective information for the particular region and for adjacent regions. This will reveal the role of local knowledge and of interregional knowledge spillovers for innovation behavior. We expect that technology performance of regions is a path dependent process. The analysis is performed for German regions in the 1990s. Information on the yearly number of patents relates to the years 1995-2000. regional employment is taken from the German Social Insurance Statistics. Information on universities and their funds are taken from the German Hochschulstatistik which has been especially prepared for this analysis.
Electronic structure data of singlet N₄
No full textCalculated electronic structure energies by CASPT2/maug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/maug-cc-pVTZ for 21406 geometry points of the singlet N₄ system. These points can be used to fit the global potential energy surface of the ground state of singlet N₄.Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchVarga, Zoltan; Paukku, Yuliya; Truhlar, Donald G. (2020). Electronic structure data of singlet N₄. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/776n-tf21
Demographic Dynamics for the pay-as-you-go pension system
No full textThe present study focuses on certains problems of pay-as-you-go pension systems. In particular, based on reproduction and survival rates, a Leslie type model is used for the analysis of the demographic dynamics of a population. The presented model is different from the classical Leslie model, since it considers a population divided into sexes, implying that the system matrix does not satisfy the irreducibility and primitivity conditions used in the Perron-Frobenius theory. Applying this theory to a submatrix corresponding to a subpopulation of females, the existence of an asymptotic age distribution in proved and then extended to the whole population. The obtained result is applied to the Italian population, providing projections on its demographic evolution. In the paper the impact of asymptotic demographic equilibrium on the pay-as-you-go pension system, in terms of financial sustainability, is also studied
Modelling a possible change in the Italian pay-as-you-go pension system.
No full textThe aim of our paper is to compare the adequacy of the pension system in force (Fornero's law) with the proposal presented by Giuliano Cazzola e Tiziano Treu. To assess the adequacy we compare the population averaged replacement rates (i.e. the ratio between the monthly pension and the last wage perceived by the worker) emerging under the two systems.
We make use of a mathematical model which, under the hypothesis of demographic equilibrium, formalizes the legislative changes of the pay-as-you-go pension system
Local academic knowledge spillovers and the concentration of economic activity
Full text linkAgglomeration effects on the intensity of local knowledge spillovers from universities to high technology innovations are examined within the modified Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function framework. Estimations are carried out at the level of US metropolitan areas. Concentration of high technology employment turns out to be the most important factor promoting local academic knowledge spillovers. It is found that a ?critical mass? of agglomeration needs to be reached in order to expect substantial local economic effects of academic research spending. (JEL O31, H41, O40)
Sustainability of a pay-as-you-go pension system by dynamic immigration control
No full textThe sustainability of a pay-as-you-go pension system strongly depends on the underlying demographic process determining the inverse old-age dependency ratio (the proportion of the active subpopulation to pensioners), considered as a sustainability index. Based on the classical Leslie population model, a dynamic demographic model including a controlled immigration is set up. A convergent algorithm is given which steers the population towards a demographic equilibrium with a better sustainability index, and at the same time minimizes the yearly immigration. In addition, simulations are provided for Italian data, comparing the demographic dynamics corresponding to different decision scenarios. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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