18,389 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
No full textAdam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.Political Economy,
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
Determining the duration of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) induced susceptibility effect in soybean
No full textInsect herbivores can increase the suitability of host plants for conspecifics by inducing susceptibility. Induced susceptibility can be separated into feeding facilitation, whereby herbivore feeding increases performance of conspecifics regardless of the genotype of the herbivore or plant, and obviation of resistance, whereby feeding by a virulent herbivore increases performance of avirulent conspecifics on resistant plants. Both forms occur between Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and soybean. In natural and agricultural settings, A. glycines populations can colonize plants for brief periods before emigrating or being removed due to predation or insecticides. It is unclear if induced susceptibility lasts beyond the period when A. glycines are present on the plant. We measured the duration of induced susceptibility in the A. glycines-soybean system within a growth chamber by removing inducer populations after 24 h. We used an A. glycines-resistant soybean infested with an inducer population of either virulent, avirulent, or no aphids. Response populations of either virulent or avirulent aphids were added at three post-infestation times (24, 120, 216 h) and their densities measured 11 days after infestation. Feeding facilitation was lost within 24 h of the removal of avirulent inducer populations, and obviation of resistance diminished over time and was completely lost within 216 h of the removal of the virulent inducer populations. We discuss how these results support a hypothesis that virulence in A. glycines is due to effector proteins secreted by feeding aphids. We suggest that the duration of induced susceptibility may impact the durability of A. glycines resistance in soybean.This article is published as Varenhorst, Adam J., Michael T. McCarville, and Matthew E. O’Neal. "Determining the duration of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) induced susceptibility effect in soybean." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9, no. 5 (2015): 457-464. doI: 10.1007/s11829-015-9395-7. Posted with permission.</p
Adam Smith and Roman Servitudes
No full textThis essay is a preprint of an article that appeared at: Tijdschrift voor Rechstsgeschiedenis, 72 (2004), 327–57.This essay discusses Adam Smith historical jurisprudence and his use of Roman law materials in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. It argues that Smith found it difficult to maintain his theory of legal development in the face of a highly developed body of Roman law literature
Management of Insecticide-Resistant Soybean Aphids in the Upper Midwest of the United States
No full textSince the first observation of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in North America in 2000, it has become the most economically damaging insect of soybean in the Upper Midwest of the United States. For the last 17 yr, soybean aphid management has relied almost entirely on the use of foliar-applied broad-spectrum insecticides. However, in 2015 in Minnesota, failures of foliar-applied pyrethroid insecticides were reported and pyrethroid resistance was confirmed with laboratory bioassays using lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin. In 2016 and 2017, further reports of failures of pyrethroid insecticides and/or laboratory confirmation of resistance occurred in Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Manitoba. In response to the challenge posed by insecticide-resistant soybean aphids, we recommend several management strategies for minimizing further development of resistance and subsequent pest-induced crop losses: 1) scout and use the economic threshold to determine when to apply insecticides, 2) apply the insecticides properly, 3) assess efficacy 3–5 d after application, and 4) alternate to a different insecticide group if another application is required. In the long term, soybean aphid management must move beyond insecticide-based management to true integrated pest management by incorporating multiple tactics.This article is published as Koch, Robert L., Erin W. Hodgson, Janet J. Knodel, Adam J. Varenhorst, and Bruce D. Potter. "Management of insecticide-resistant soybean aphids in the upper midwest of the United States." Journal of Integrated Pest Management 9, no. 1 (2018): 23. doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmy014.</p
THE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF ADAM SMITH'S WORK
No full textThe paper will discuss the theological foundation to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay this interpretation. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. After spelling out Smith's teleology and his view of final causes, divine design and the ends of nature, we try to explain the Panglossian nature of the 'new theistic view' of Smith. While our view differs somewhat, we agree with the essence of the 'new view' claim: a theological view exists in Smith which underpins his moral and economic theories.Political Economy,
Interview. Matthew Joseph with Adam Gussow, musician and author
No full textInterview in which Adam Gussow discusses hill country blues musi
Książę Adam Jerzy Czartoryski i jego stronnicy w świetle historiografii ukraińskiej
No full textIn 1937, the Warsaw historian Marceli Handelsman published a work entitled Ukraińska polityka
ks. Adama Czartoryskiego przed wojną krymską [Ukrainian politics of Prince Adam Czartoryski
before the Crimean War]. So far, this book has been used by historians as the primary source of
information on the Ukrainian issue in the views of the Hotel Lambert’s leader. The author of this
text has decided to collect Ukrainian works referring to the topic inaugurated by Handelsman. Unfortunately, no larger study has been prepared on the Ukrainian side. However, a number of articles
and encyclopaedic notes showing Prince Adam and his Eastern policy (especially during his stay
at the court of Tsar Alexander I Romanov) has been published. Ukrainian authors paid much more
attention to Czartoryski’s associates, who tried to put his ideas into practice. Ukrainian researchers
wrote mainly about Michał Czaykowski (Sadyk Pasha) organizing the Cossack troops in the Ottoman Empire, about Hipolit Terlecki striving for the union of the Orthodox and Roman Catholic
Churches, and finally about the ethnographer and writer Franciszek Duchiński clearly separating
Ukraine from Russia in his writings
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