1,721,075 research outputs found
Impact of Carboxylated Polystyrene Nanoplastics on some physiological and biochemical aspects of Artemia parthenogenetica
No full textTrabajo presentado en el 11º Congreso Ibérico, 8º Iberoamericano de Contaminación y Toxicología (CICTA 2018) celebrado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Madrid del 11 al 13 de julio de 2018Nano-sized polymers as polystyrene (PS) constitute one of the main challenges for marine
ecosystems since they can distribute along the whole water column affecting planktonic species,
and consequently disrupting the energy flow of marine ecosystems and potentially affecting
humans as end term consumers.
Nanoplastics produce different impacts on aquatic organisms than larger pieces of plastic due
to their small size, high surface curvature and large surface area. Moreover, their effect on
zooplanktonic species has been much less studied than those produced by macro and
microplastics. Recent studies have been addressing the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) on marine invertebrates due to its supposed presence in marine ecosystems coming from
degradation of nanomaterials, drugs and other compounds.
The present study aims to evaluate the long-term effect of 60nm anionic carboxylated
polystyrene nanoplastics (NP (PS-COOH)) in zooplankton using Artemia parthenogenetica as a
model. Toxicity was determined after 7 days of exposition of 7 days old metanauplius to
subtlethal suspensions of PS-COOH (1 and 3 μg/mL) by analysing the effects on growth, survival
and feeding behaviour. In addition, several classic enzymatic subcellular responses related to
biotransformation of xenobiotics (carboxylesterase, CbE and glutathione-S-transferase, GST),
neuronal transmission (cholinesterase, ChE), antioxidant defences (catalase, CAT), and
protection against general stress (HSP70 stress proteins) were evaluated.
The results showed that chronic exposure of A. parthenogenetica to sub-lethal suspensions of
NP (PS-COOH) reduced growth and filtration rate, without changing the survival. Also, significant
changes in all biomarkers studied, except for CAT and HSP70 were observed. These results show
that chronic exposure to NP (PS-COOH) produce toxic effects in A. parthenogenetica and confirm
the general concern about polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) and their potential threat on
marine zooplankton, which are key organisms within the functioning of aquatic trophic food
chain.This work was financed the Generalitat Valenciana (ref: GV-2014/085-PROMETEO-II)Peer reviewe
Artemia genus may be affected by the widespread use of methylparaben: the example of A. franciscana
No full textTrabajo presentado en el 30th New European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (ESCPB Congres), celebrado en Barcelona (España) del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2016Nowadays parabens are used as preservatives in cosmetics, toiletries, pharmaceutical drugs and foodstuffs. Because of its widespread use, the occurrence of parabens in aquatic environments, including marine and hypersaline environments, are frequent. Methyl- and propylparaben are the most commonly used in cosmetics. To date there are very few studies on the toxicity of methylparaben (MeP) on aquatic invertebrates, and in the case of Artemia, no data exists. In this study, the toxicity of an emerging pollutant, such as MeP is analyzed in the sexual species Artemia franciscana, due its presence in coastal areas and marine saltworks in the Mediterranean region. For this reason, we tested MeP acute toxicity (LC50-24h) in nauplii, and their chronic effect (9 days) was evaluated by measuring survival and growth under two sublethal concentrations (0.05 and 0.1 mg·L-1). Also, the effect on several key enzymes involved in: antioxidant defences (catalase (CAT), and gluthathion-S-transferase (GST)), neural activity (cholinesterase (ChE)) and xenobiotic biotransformation (carboxylesterase (CbE), was assessed after 48h under sublethal exposure. A. franciscana nauplii are resistant to MeP (LC50-24h = 131.4 mg·L-1). MeP significantly affects survival and growth in chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations tested. In addition, MeP causes significant alterations in CAT activity after 48h exposure to the highest MeP concentration tested. However, no significant effect on ChE, CbE and GST activities was found. These results indicate that A. franciscana is resistant to MeP, although chronic exposures (up to 9 days) to sublethal concentrations affect survival and growth. Furthermore, the inhibition of CAT activity points out the oxidative stress effect of MeP in Artemia. We discuss the potential implications of our results on Artemia genus biodiversity and aquaculture development.Peer reviewe
Efectos de la carbamazepina sobre la termorresistencia de Artemia parthenogenetica
No full textTrabajo presentado en el XVIII Seminario Ibérico de Química Marina (SIQUIMAR), celebrado en Alicante (España), del 20 y 22 de julio de 2016En las última décadas se ha realizado un gran esfuerzo para determinar los niveles de las denominadas sustancias emergentes que llegan a los diferentes compartimentos ambientales. Entre estas sustancias se encuentran los fármacos de uso humano o veterinario. La carbamazepina (CBZ) es un medicamento antiepiléptico de uso clínico y se ha detectado su presencia en el medio acuático. Aunque recientemente se han llevado a cabo estudios que contribuyen a conocer los efectos que este medicamento ejerce sobre los crustáceos, todavía quedan muchos aspectos por explorar. Artemia constituye un genero de crustáceos que presenta una serie de adaptaciones fisiológicas que le permite vivir en medios hipersalinos (ej. las salinas, lagos y lagunas saladas), cuerpos de agua poco favorables para la vida en cuanto a la salinidad, la temperatura y el oxígeno disuelto.
Artemia parthenogenetica es una de las dos especies autóctonas que conviven en las salinas del Parque Natural de las Lagunas de La Mata y Torrevieja (Alicante). El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar si la
exposición a CBZ puede alterar la termorresistencia natural y la termorresistencia adquirida mediante choque
térmico en la especie partenogenética autóctona de la Mata Artemia parthenogenetica. Para ello, quistes
recolectados en la Salinas de la Mata se eclosionaron según el procedimiento descrito por Sarabia et al [4]. Tras
la eclosión los nauplios fueron recogidos y mantenidos en condiciones estándar de cultivo (agua de mar y 25ºC)
durante una semana. A continuación los individuos fueron expuestos a 1 µg/L y 100 µg/L de CBZ durante 7
días. Se encontró una mayor supervivencia en los individuos expuestos a 1 µg/L de CBZ respecto al grupo
control. Tras el período de exposición a la CBZ, y en medio carente de fármaco, se determinó la
termorresistencia natural siguiendo el procedimiento descrito por Clegg et al [5], observándose que un choque
térmico de 42ºC durante 45 minutos provocaba una menor mortalidad (57%) en el grupo expuesto previamente a
100 µg/L de CBZ respecto a los otros dos grupos experimentales (> 95%). Sin embargo, cuando los animales
fueron sometidos a un choque térmico de 39ºC durante 45 minutos en el día previo al choque térmico de 42ºC
(termorresistencia adquirida), no se encontraron diferencias debidas a la exposición a CBZ. Se están realizando más estudios para establecer la relación concentración-respuesta del efecto de la CBZ sobre la termorresistencia y evaluar los efectos sobre otros parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicosPeer reviewe
Effects of Zinc exposure on life history traits and oxidative stress in native and invasive brine shrimps
No full textTrabajo presentado en el 31st European Society of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Congress (ESCBPC), celebrado en Oporto (Portugal), del 9 al 12 de septiembre de 2018European native species Artemia parthenogenetica (AP) and A. salina are endangered owing, mostly, to the competitive exclusion by the exotic species A. franciscana (AF).
In this work, we investigate the response of natural populations of AP and AF from localities in southern Spain to real field zinc (Zn) concentrations. For this purpose, we carried chronic toxicity tests and measured mortality and growth rate (for 21 days) and reproductive performance (after 21 days). We also measured the levels of oxidative stress (at day 21) (catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activity; lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS)).
AF showed higher survival and growth rate comparing to AP in both control and Zn treatments. Both species experienced significant slower growth and higher mortality when exposed to Zn. Zn had no significant effect in the final size in species or groups.
Regarding reproductive parameters, AP showed higher fecundity (higher number of broods and offspring production; lower % non-viable nauplii) than AF on both exposed and control groups. Zn exposure increased offspring production of both Artemia species.
Native and invasive species showed different antioxidant response after exposure to a sublethal concentration of Zn. AP exposed to Zn showed a satisfactory antioxidant response while AF showed a significant increase of TBARS that could result from inefficient capability of the antioxidant defence system to dead with the production of oxygen reactive species. Even in the control groups AF were more stressed than AP. Despite that, adverse effect of stress in AF could be compensated by higher survival and growth rate.Peer reviewe
Interspecific Artemia responses to sublethal zinc exposure
No full textTrabajo presentado en la XIV MEDECOS & XII AEET Meeting (Human driven scenarios for evolutionary and ecological changes), celebrados en Sevilla (España) del 31 de enero al 4 de febrero de 2017.Conservation of the biodiversity of brine shrimp Artemia in the Mediterranean region is a matter of great concern. The native species (Artemia parthenogenetica and A. salina) are considered to be endangered owing to habitat alteration and mostly to competitive exclusion by the exotic species A. franciscana. Most studies indicate the pollution generally favours invasion of exotic species (e.g., Varó et al., 2015). However, it has been suggested local adaptation by the native population to the contaminated conditions may prevent colonization by A. franciscana (Rodrigues et al. 2012). Our work provides evidence that zinc (Zn) pollution may have a role in limiting the invasion of the exotic A. franciscana. The sublethal zinc toxicity was assessed in natural populations using A. parthenogenetica sampled in the highly contaminated Odiel estuary (Spain), one of the few remaining sites with the native Artemia, and using A. franciscana sampled in a less contaminated area (Cadiz bay, Spain). Artemia franciscana performed better in terms of survival and growth rate, than A. parthenogenetica, and both species experienced slower growth and higher mortality when exposed to Zn. Despite the reduction in growth rate caused by Zn, no significant effects were found in final size. Regarding reproduction parameters, A. parthenogenetica showed generally higher fecundity than A. franciscana in both exposed and unexposed groups. These results agree with the theory of local adaptation, and highlight competitive advantages of native species from contaminated areas to prevail under the selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants.Peer reviewe
Effect of temperature and cypermethrin on the sentinel species Mytilus galloprovincialis measured through a suite of biomarkers in gills
No full textTrabajo presentado en el Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe 25th Annual Meeting, celebrado en Barcelona (España), del 3 al 7 de mayo de 2015Currently one of the biggest problems facing the salmon industry worldwide is high
proliferation and spread of sea lice, copepod ectoparasites that reaches high
population densities in intensive farms. This problem generates great economic
losses to the industry by reducing the health of the fish and indirectly by high
treatment costs. In Chile the main insecticides used to lower the parasite loads
through direct baths with skirts at sea are pyrethroids (cypermethrin and
deltamethrin). These insecticides are applied at high concentrations. Periodic
treatments have generated parasite resistance causing treatments to become
increasingly ineffective. This has resulted, in turn, in increased volumes of
pyrethroids directly discharged to the marine environment. Few studies on
environmental toxicological effects on non-target marine species have been
performed. This laboratory study evaluated the sub-acute exposure to realistic
cypermethrin concentrations (using acetone as vehicle) in the sentinel mussel
Mytilus galloprovincialis at different temperatures (17-22-27 °C) and two exposure
times, using a factorial design. Two general biomarkers of oxidative stress Catalase
(CAT) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and two specific biomarkers
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Carboxylesterase (CbE) were determined in
mussel gills. A synergistic effect between cypermethrin and its vehicle (acetone) at
96 hours was found in cypermethrin treatments with an increase activity in CAT
and GST, becoming this effect significant at different temperature for each
biomarker. The effect of cypermethrin as active ingredient was detected in mussels
acclimated to 22 ºC as an increase of CbE activity in cypermethrin treatments. It
was found a strong effect of acetone (vehicle), inhibiting AChE activity and CbE
activity. Temperature acclimation by itself was also found to have a significant
effect on enzymatic activities (all of them measured at 20 ºC), mainly by inhibiting
the CAT activity, increasing AChE activity and producing a bell effect on GST
activityD. Ortiz is recipient of a fellowship from PhD (Becas Chile) for Advanced Human Capital formation pertaining the Ministry of Education of Chile (CONICYT) and funded by the Government of Chile.Peer reviewe
Perfiles de ácidos grasos de doradas de crianza e ejemplares de la pesca extractiva ¿qué llega al consumidor?
No full textTrabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso Nacional de Acuicultura, celebrado en Zaragoza (España), del 3 al 5 de octubre de 2017Peer reviewe
Absorption and distribution of ingested silica nanoparticles in Blattella germanica: a potential carrier in the development of nanopesticides
No full textTrabajo presentado en el Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe 25th Annual Meeting, celebrado en Barcelona (España), del 3 al 7 de mayo de 2015Peer reviewe
Impacts of nanoplastics on Artemia franciscana larvae: effects on growth and proteins responses
No full textThe accumulation of plastic litter on beaches and open oceans have been identified as one
of the major threats in marine ecosystems worldwide. Laboratory experiments have proved
that the formation of nano-sized plastics during the plastic degradation may reach marine
ecosystem, considered as the most in danger. While the impact of macro- and microplastics
on the marine organisms is worldwide well documented, the least known and characterized
fraction of marine litter, due to its difficult sampling and analytical identification, is probably
nanoplastics. Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs), widely studied for drug delivery in human
studies, were recently recommended as nanoplastics model in ecotoxicological studies. In
present study the impact of 50 nm cationic amino polystyrene (PS-NH2) was evaluated on
the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Nanoparticles properties such as dimension,
dispersion and surface charge were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in
two different environmental media, milli Q water (mQW) and natural sea water (NSW).
Acute toxicity tests were performed on A. franciscana exposed to different suspensions of
PS-NH2 (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL) in NSW for 48 hours. Growth rate and several biomarkers
involved in important physiological processes, such as biotransformation of xenobiotics
(carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase), neuronal transmission (cholinesterase)
general stress (Heat Shock Protein) and oxidative stress (catalase) were evaluatedPeer reviewe
Effect of methylparaben in Artemia franciscana
No full textIn this study, the toxicity of methylparaben (MeP) an emerging contaminant, was analysed in the sexual species Artemia franciscana, due to its presence in coastal areas and marine saltworks in the Mediterranean region. The acute toxicity (24 h-LC50) of MeP in nauplii was tested and its chronic effect (9 days) evaluated by measuring survival and growth under two sublethal concentrations (0.0085 and 0.017 mg/L). Also, the effect on several key enzymes involved in: antioxidant defences (catalase (CAT) and gluthathion-S-transferase (GST)), neural activity (cholinesterase (ChE)) and xenobiotic biotransformation (carboxylesterase (CbE), was assessed after 48 h under sublethal exposure. The results of acute exposure indicate that MeP is harmful to A. franciscana (24 h-LC50 = 36.7 mg/L). MeP causes a decrease in CAT activity after 48 h exposure to both concentration tested, that points out at the oxidative stress effect of MeP in A. franciscana. However, no significant effect on ChE, CbE and GST activities was found.
In addition, MeP does not affect survival and growth in chronic exposure at the sublethal concentrations tested. The results of this study indicate that MeP is not a threat for A. franciscana under the experimental conditions used. Additional studies should be done considering long-term exposure and reproduction studies to analyse the potential risk of MeP as emerging contaminant in marine and hypersaline environments.Work financed by Generalitat Valenciana (GV-2014/085-PROMETEO-II), and it has been carried out under the frame-work of the Microcluster “AQUACLUSTER” (CSIC-Universitat de València).Peer reviewe
- …
