198 research outputs found
CARIN en GPS: De combinatie van dead-reckoning, map-matching en satellietplaatsbepaling in een hybride autonavigatiesysteem
No full textDe laatste jaren doen zich verscheidene ontwikkelingen voor in de autonavigatie. Eén van de ontwikkelingen wordt gevormd door het geïntegreerd gebruik van meerdere, elkaar aanvullende, positiesensoren in één hybride navigatiesysteem. Het CARIN autonavigatiesysteem van PHILIPS is gebaseerd op een combinatie van dead-reckoning (afgelegde afstand uit wielomwentelingen, richting van kompas) en map-matching (het intelligent gebruik van kaartinformatie, opgeslagen op CD). Aangezien het systeem, bijvoorbeeld bij gedeeltelijke afwezigheid van kaartinformatie, kan gaan driften, is het wenselijk een correctie te laten uitvoeren door een absolute positiesensor, zoals GPS. Dit onderzoek bestudeert de mogelijkheden en de haalbaarheid van een koppeling tussen CARIN en GPS aan de hand van een simulatiestudie. Daartoe werden diverse testritten uitgevoerd, waarbij GPS- en CARIN-waarnemingen m.b.v. tijdlabels ten opzichte van elkaar werden vastgelegd. Voor de daadwerkelijke koppeling werd een dynamisch model ontwikkeld , dat de gewogen oplossing bepaalt tussen de GPS en de CARIN positie-oplossing, op grond van hun foutenmodellen. Het blijkt dat GPS in bebouwde omgeving slecht functioneert, doordat afscherming van satellietsignalen optreedt. CARIN functioneert hier goed. Het aanvullende karakter van de twee systemen blijkt uit de omgekeerde situatie buiten het stedelijk gebied. Het dynamisch model weet de posities zo te combineren dat de nauwkeurigheid van de hybride oplossing in elke situatie groter is dan die van de systemen afzonderlijk.Civil Engineering and GeosciencesMathematische en fysische geodesi
The traffic safety of the Carin car information and navigation system IA-literature study: Main report
No full textReport of the Delft University of Technology, Department of Transportation Planning and Highway Engineering in assignment of Philips International B.V. Aim of the study was to determine the possible posi tive and negative effects on traffic safety of the Carin Car Information and Navigation system and to define requirements by which the possible negative effects are minimized or possibly eliminated and the possible positive effects are enhanced, thus making the overall effect of Carin on traffic safety a positive one. The Carin system has been analysed with the so-called phase model of the accident process. Possible positive effects that resulted from this analysis, are: avoidance of search behaviour, avoidance of detours, avoidance of unsafe locations and situa tions, and informa tion on the vehicle condition. Possible negative effects were: compact disc changing while driving, distraction by route guiding advices, untimely presentation of route guiding advices, obstruction of the driver's view, illegal route guiding advices, the reaction on a disregarding of a route guiding advice, and (part of) the system causing injuries in case of an accident. On an important part of the above subjects a literature study has been conducted. The findings are discussed and gaps in the present knowledge indicated. Priorities for further study are presented.Transport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Identification and characterization of thiamine biosynthesis, transport, and regulation elements among bacteroides species
No full textThiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential cofactor for all organisms. Humans primarily acquire thiamine through their diet and thiamine deficiencies have adverse neurological effects. However, the role gut microbes play in modulating thiamine availability is poorly understood. In addition, little is known about how thiamine, the Bacteroidetes ability to biosynthesize and transport thiamine, or the regulation of biosynthesis and transport impacts the stability of microbial gut communities and human health as a whole.
To investigate the role thiamine plays in the gut we leveraged in silico analyses of gut microbial species to determine prominent strategies utilized to attain thiamine. In addition, we have identified the genetic content and operon structure of thiamine transport and biosynthesis across the prominent gut phylum, Bacteroidetes. Along with the bioinformatic methods, RNAseq revealed differential responses to exogenous thiamine by three abundant Bacteroides species. This is highlighted by the global down-regulation of thiamine and amino acid biosynthesis, central, and purine metabolism when thiamine was present in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. In contrast Bacteroides uniformis and vulgatus show a much more reserved transcriptomic response to exogenous thiamine.
In order to build upon these data, we leveraged genetic mutants of thiamine biosynthesis and transport loci in B. thetaiotaomicron. These analyses determined both systems were critical for growth in thiamine-deficient medium. The defect in the double transport mutant suggests an uncharacterized feedback mechanism between thiamine transport and biosynthesis in B. thetaiotaomicron. Along with the phenotypic analysis of thiamine acquisition operons in B. thetaiotaomicron we investigated how these deletions impacted its fitness in thiamine deplete and replete conditions.
Building on the phenotypic analysis in B. thetaiotaomicron we turned our attention to the conserved regulatory TPP riboswitches preceding thiamine biosynthesis and transport genes in B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, and B. vulgatus utilizing transcriptional and translational reporter assays. These assays have shown a clear regulatory hierarchy between thiamine biosynthesis and transport pathways. In addition, trends in TPP riboswitch distance from their predicted regulon points to the mechanism of regulation (transcriptional or translational) and warrants further investigation.
Together, these data show that thiamine acquisition mechanisms and their regulation are critical to physiology and fitness among the Bacteroidetes. In addition future work may provide insight into modeling how other gut microbes respond to the shifting availability of thiamine in the gut and how to therapeutically alter the gut microbiota from a dysbiotic state to a non-disease state.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Zachary Costliow, accepted the attached license on 2018-07-26 at 09:46.The student, Zachary Costliow, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-07-26 at 09:51.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-07-27 at 09:15.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12961 on 2019-02-08 at 11:37:30Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T18:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-07-27Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109905
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Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Role in Postacute Care Community Transition
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/31/2017
This presentation highlights findings from a mixed-methods study examining occupational therapy’s role in supporting postacute care patients’ discharge to the community.
Primary Author and Speaker: Carin Wong
Contributing Authors: Jenny Martinez, Natalie Leland</jats:p
Secondary problems caused by the oxyr response to hydrogen peroxide stress in Escherichia coli
No full textEscherichia coli resides in the lumen of the gut, where it encounters both biotic and abiotic sources of hydrogen peroxide stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffuses into cells, where it reacts with iron via Fenton chemistry. Three cellular targets are damaged: DNA, mononuclear iron enzymes, and [4Fe-4S] cluster enzymes. E. coli uses the transcription factor OxyR to sense and respond to H2O2 stress. When the intracellular H2O2 levels rise to 0.2 μM, OxyR is activated via the formation of a disulfide bond, and it induces the transcription of the OxyR regulon. The induced genes include those that scavenge H2O2, reduce the intracellular iron level, and repair the H2O2-mediated damage.
Dps, a mini ferritin, is induced by OxyR and it sequesters the free-iron pool, thereby reducing Fenton chemistry. However, this sequestration also causes secondary problems because cells require iron to metallate the iron-dependent enzymes in different biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, OxyR induces the chaperones ClpS and ClpA, which are a part of the Clp family of proteases. Together with the ClpX chaperone and the ClpP protease, ClpSA helps increase the intracellular iron levels, enabling the repair of the [4Fe-4S] enzyme isopropylmalate isomerase. Thus, H2O2-stressed cells maintain a delicate balance of the intracellular iron pools, keeping them low enough to minimize DNA damage but high enough to repair the damaged iron-dependent enzymes.
It seemed plausible that the prolonged induction of the OxyR regulon would cause other secondary problems. Indeed, the constitutive expression of OxyR—even in the absence of H2O2 stress—results in growth defects, which seem to arise due to defects in several amino acid biosynthetic pathways and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Interestingly, these defects do not seem to be due to iron starvation, as evidenced by the lower activities not only of the iron-dependent enzyme fumarase A but also of the iron-independent enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. These cells are also unable to transition smoothly out of prolonged stationary phase. Single-gene deletions of various members of the OxyR regulon did not identify the gene involved, suggesting that several genes may be contributing to the growth defect, although the mechanism remains unclear.
Alternatively, it is possible that the correct gene has not yet been tested.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01The student, Ananya Sen, accepted the attached license on 2021-01-15 at 10:19.The student, Ananya Sen, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-01-15 at 10:25.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-01-19 at 17:03.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16149 on 2021-09-16 at 20:06:30Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T04:03:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Mechanistic interactions between Sulfolobus islandicus and its viruses
No full textViruses infect all domains of life and play important ecological and evolutionary roles. In studying these virus-host interactions, fundamental mechanisms in cellular and molecular biology have been elucidated. The viruses of Sulfolobus are diverse in morphology, genomic content, and infection mechanisms. However, compared to bacterial and eukaryotic virus-host systems, little is known about these viruses or their interactions with their host. Utilizing Sulfolobus islandicus and isolated viruses I describe and characterize some of these mechanisms. In Chapter 2, I show that highly related and diversifying pilins are essential for viral infection for both Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses and Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped viruses. Double mutants of pilA1 and pilA2 are surface adhesion deficient but display no growth defect. The phenotype of this resistant cell is similar to an isolated host, Δcas6:SSV9.1, which is chronically infected leading to a superinfection exclusion hypothesis described in Chapter 3. This hypothesis proposes that downregulation of pilA1 and pilA2 provides resistance to potentially superinfecting viruses supported by the lack of surface structures observed in Δcas6:SSV9.1. In Chapter 4, I describe a novel pleomorphic virus with a 15,365 bp circular dsDNA genome containing sequence homology to 6 SSV-like ORFs. The viral genome also contains a CRISPR-Cas A2-like repeat sequence which is proposed to provide escape against host CRISPR-Cas immunity. In the last chapter, I share preliminary data on an evolved S-layer deficient host, ΔslaA_evol, which was created to test viral susceptibility and reveals that the S-layer is not the primary receptor for many viruses. In this thesis, I describe my work characterizing virus-host mechanisms to enhance our understanding of these fascinating and unique viruses and microbes.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Elizabeth Rowland, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-13 at 10:47.The student, Elizabeth Rowland, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-13 at 10:55.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-14 at 16:22.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15587 on 2020-10-02 at 15:32:37Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2020-07-14Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116228
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The traffic safety of the Carin car information and navigation system IB: Literature study: Description reports and articles
No full textReport of the Delft University of Technology, Department of Transportation Planning and Highway Engineering in assignment of Philips International B.V. A detailed description is given of the reports that have been studied in the framework of a literature study on a number of traffic safety aspects of the Carin Car information and navigation system. Each descriptions contains a summary of the report or artiele, a valuation, and a subject-categorisation. For the selection of the studied aspects is referred to part IA of the report, where also an evaluation and interpretation of the results can be found.Transport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Understanding the physiological role of the small RNA RydC
No full textThis project aims to understand the physiological role of the small RNA (sRNA) RydC and the signals controlling RydC production. RydC was previously shown to stabilize cfa (cyclopropane fatty acid synthase) mRNA, resulting in higher levels of cyclopropane fatty acids in the cell membrane. Here, we show that additional sRNAs, ArrS and CpxQ, also directly regulate cfa post-transcriptionally. RydC and ArrS act through masking an RNase E cleavage site in the cfa mRNA 5' untranslated region (UTR), and both sRNAs post-transcriptionally activate cfa. In contrast, CpxQ binds to a different site in the cfa mRNA 5' UTR and represses cfa expression in a mechanism that is dependent on Rho-mediated premature transcription termination. Alteration of membrane lipid composition is a key mechanism for bacteria to survive low pH environments, and we show that cfa translation increases in an sRNA-dependent manner when cells are subjected to mild acid stress. To further elucidate the physiological role of RydC, we sought to identify the transcription factor responsible for rydC expression. We demonstrate that the uncharacterized GntR family transcriptional regulator YieP represses transcription of the rydC in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella. We identify genes whose expression are dependent on YieP and determine that YieP may be playing a role regulating in amino acid transport, carbon metabolism, and aerobic respiration. We demonstrate that rydC transcription varies depending on the carbon source cells are utilizing.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Colleen Bianco, accepted the attached license on 2020-01-22 at 10:27.The student, Colleen Bianco, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-01-22 at 10:43.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-01-23 at 09:43.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14855 on 2020-08-25 at 17:26:25Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-01-23Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115690
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Interdisciplinary Communication in Postacute Care: The Perspective of Rehabilitation Providers
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
Care coordination is a national priority of health care reform. Effective communication is essential for coordinated care. This session will present the results of a qualitative study examining rehabilitation providers’ interdisciplinary communication practices in SNF for hip fracture patients.
Primary Author and Speaker: Brenda Fagan
Contributing Authors: Natalie Leland, Jenny Martinez, Carin Wong</jats:p
Every Second Is a Life: Ulla-Carin Lindquist’s Rowing Without Oars
No full text© The Author(s) 2019. Ulla-Carin Lindquist’s Rowing Without Oars relates a life constrained by illness, in which one’s sense of “I am” becomes increasingly faint. She depicts how physical losses can inadvertently open opportunities to explore humanity’s “potential consciousness.” In seeking an answer to the question, “Who am I become to live well in this new world?” Lindquist demonstrates what it means to “become fully human, and everything that the person can become.” She captures this movement toward “potential consciousness” through simple, lyrical language and artfully constructed grammar and syntax that is devoid of deception
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