815 research outputs found
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation after follicular aspiration
No full textThe original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaCITATION: Van der Merwe, J. P., Michell, W. L. & Kruger, T. F. 1988. Severe ovarian hyperstimulation after follicular aspiration. South African Medical Journal, 73:426-427.In order to maximise the changes of pregnancy, most successful in vitro fertilisation programmes use a combination of ovulation induction agents. This treatment can lead to the hyperstimulation syndrome. Aspiration of the follicles is believed to avoid this syndrome. Despite this approach, hyperstimulation syndrome may still develop. The clinical picture and treatment of a patient with severe hyperstimulation is discussed.Publisher’s versio
Recognition of cultural differences
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, W. L. 2001. Erkenning van kulturele verskille. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 41(4):268-282.The original publication is available at http://www.scielo.org.za'n Lang en ryk tradisie in die filosofie gaan daarvan uit dat die behoefte aan erkenning 'n universele
en wesenlike menslike gegewe is. 1 Dit word nie net in abstraksie beredeneer nie, maar ook onderskryf
deur spesifieke interpretasies van die mitologie, die tragedie, antler literere vorme, asook studies in
die psigologie, sosiale antropologie en die fenomenologie van godsdiens. In hierdie bydrae gaan
daar egter spesifiek gefokus word op die problematiek van erkenning van kulturele verskille omdat
dit in hedendaagse samelewings so 'n belangrike rol speel. 2 Suid-Afrika is in die verband geen
uitsondering nie, hoewel die tekstuur van kulturele verskeidenheid en veral die wyse waarop dit in
die koloniale en apartheidsverlede verpolitiseer is, ons situasie verskillend maak. Die algemene
bewussyn in die wereld vandag van die belang van kulturele verskille en die probleme wat die
erkenning daarvan oproep, word ook gereflekteer in die hedendaagse filosofie, byvoorbeeld in
bepaalde vorme van multikulturalisme, feminisme en postmodemisme, in debatte oor die begronding
en begrensing van groepspesifieke ofkulturele regte, en in die herwaardering van die etiese appel
wat van die antler, ook die "kulturele antler", uitgaan. 3
Waarop meer spesifiek gefokus gaan word - veral in die tweede en derde dee! van hierdie
betoog - is die vraag onder watter voorwaardes erkenning van kulturele verskille gevra en gegee
kan word. Die antwoord van 'n bepaalde vorm van kulturele relatiwisme op hierdie vraag is die
"gelykheidstese", dit wil se die opvatting dat die gelykwaardigheid van kulture erken moet word.
Deur 'n kritiek van die opvatting been, sal betoog word dat die voorwaardes vir die erkenning van
kulturele verskille op 'n antler, in feite aporetiese wyse verstaan moet word. Met die oog daarop
word daar eers gewys op die verband tussen kultuur en erkenning.The demand for the recognition of cultural differences is central to a number of debates associated
with multiculturalism. Following Charles Taylors analysis of the relation between modernity and
cultural pluralism, it is argued that the demand of cultural relativism, namely that the equal value
of cultures should be recognised, is not justifiable. This however should not serve as an excuse for
underestimating the significance of cultural differences or for ethnocentric indifference towards
claims for recognition. The prerequisites for claims towards recognition are further explored by
distinguishing between two justifiable claims: on the one hand the claim that the right to differ
should be recognised and on the other hand the claim that the inherent value of the difference
should be recognised. It is argued that the possibilities of granting recognition are in most cases
restricted to the first claim. Although the second claim may also be justified, it is in most cases not
possible to meet it. The conclusion is that we encounter an aporetic ground for both cultural critique
and intercultural tolerance; in fact a better ground for tolerance than cultural relativism which
easily leads to indifference.Publisher's versio
Progressive familial heart block: Part II. clinical and ECG confirmation of progression - report on 4 cases
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, P.-L. et al. 1986. Progressive familial heart block: Part II. Clinical and ECG confirmation of progression - report on 4 cases. South African Medical Journal, 70(9), 356-357.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two types of progressive familial heart block controlled by a single gene have been described; 4 cases show that type I is progressive and that the pathogenesis is still unknown.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaarPublisher’s versio
Die verhoudingsvraagstuk in polisiering
No full textHierdie ondersoek het betrekking op die verhoudingsvraagstuk in polisiëring. Die bevindinge is gebaseer op inligting wat deur middel van 'n vraelys ingesamel is. Vir hierdie doel is 718 respondente (Blankes, Kleurlinge en Asiërs) binne die munisipale dorpsgebied van Pietersburg ewekansig geselekteer om te bepaal wat die mening van 'n verteenwoordigende aantal respondente in Pietersburg is. Die opname van die gegewens is gedurende Desember 1979 en Januarie 1980 deur ondersoeker persoonlik en 'n aantal veldwerkers (Asiërs, Blankes en Kleurlinge) gedoen. Die doel met die ondersoek was primêr om die aard van bestaande verhoudinge tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie en die publiek volgens die mening van 'n ondersoekgroep te bepaal en om moontlike verhoudingversteurende faktore te identifiseer. Die ondersoekresultate weerspieël uiteraard slegs die menings van die inwoners van Pietersburg en veralgemenings is gevaarlik. Bepaalde hipoteses wat met die oog op die ondersoekgebied geformuleer is, is getoets en dit blyk volgens die bevindinge dat bestaande verhoudinge huidig in die polisiëringsproses geskend word. Verskeie faktore wat stremmend kan inwerk op die handhawing van gesonde onderlinge verhoudinge, is geidentifiseer
Utopie, filosofie en hermeneutiek : 'n verkenning van die denke van Gianni Vattimo
No full textThesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Utopia, Philosophy and Hermeneutics
Exploring the thought of Gianni Vattimo
Article I:
The End of Utopia
An explanation for the rise of distopia in popular culture with reference to the ideas of
Gianni Vattimo
In this article the development of utopianism is described by tracing it back to its
original classical form, following it through its modernistic form and finally
describing distopia as the postmodern form of utopia. Using the ideas of Gianni
Vattimo, distopia is interpreted as the creative embodiment of the "counterfinality of
reason". In this way distopia acts as a critique of modem rationalism. The question is
raised if it is possible to speak of "the end of utopia" in postmodern times. It is
concluded that utopian thought remains and functions as a necessary fiction in
postmodern ethics.
Article II:
An Appropriate Postmodern Philosophy
A discussion of the hermeneutics of Gianni Vattimo
The aim of this article is to discuss the radical hermeneutics proposed by the Italian
philosopher Gianni Vattimo. Vattimo declares a radicalization of hermeneutics to be
the only consistent, persuasive and valid approach to the postmodern conditions of
existence we find ourselves in today. In order to explain what this approach entails,
and how Vattimo justifies it, this article discusses his interpretation of the history (and
end) of modernity, as well as his proposals for a new task for philosophy, and for a
postmodern ethics.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Utopie, Filosofie en Hermeneutiek
'n Verkenning van die denke van Gianni Vattimo
Artikel I:
Die Einde van Utopie
'n Verklaring vir die opkoms van distopie in populêre kultuur
aan die hand van die idees van Gianni Vattimo
Hierdie artikel beskryf die ontwikkeling van utopianisme deur die oorspronklike
klassieke en latere modernistiese vorme daarvan na te gaan, en uiteindelik distopie te
beskryf as die postmoderne vorm van utopie. Met verwysing na die denke van Gianni
Vattimo word distopie geïnterpreteer as die kreatiewe beliggaming van die
"kontrafinaliteit van rede". Op hierdie manier lewer distopie kritiek op moderne
rasionalisme. Die vraag word gevra na die moontlikheid daarvan om te kan praat van
"die einde van utopie" in postmoderne tye, en uiteindelik word tot die gevolgtrekking
gekom dat utopiese denke steeds 'n rol het om te speel as 'n noodsaaklike fiksie binne
'n postmoderne etiek.
Artikel II:
'n Gepaste Postmoderne Filosofie
'n Bespreking van die hermeneutiek van Gianni Vattimo
Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die Italiaanse filosoof Gianni Vattimo se voorstel
vir 'n radikale hermeneutiek te bespreek. Vattimo is oortuig daarvan dat 'n
radikalisering van hermeneutiek die enigste konsekwente, oortuigende en geldige
benadering is tot die postmoderne bestaanstoestande waarbinne ons onsself vandag
bevind. In 'n poging om te verduidelik wat hierdie benadering behels, en hoe Vattimo
dit regverdig, word sy interpretasie van die geskiedenis (en einde) van moderniteit
bespreek, asook sy voorstelle vir 'n nuwe taak vir die filosofie, en vir 'n postmoderne
etiek.Master
Thesis
No full textThesis (MA (Philosophy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis consists of two essays, each focussing on a current topic in aesthetics in the tradition of
analytic philosophy.
First paper (On depiction)
Given broad consensus that resemblance theories do not do well at explaining depiction, two
alternative approaches have dominated the literature in recent decades: (1) Perceptual accounts try to
ground depiction in the phenomenology of our pictorial experiences; (2) Structural accounts
understand pictures as symbols in pictorial symbol systems. I follow Dominic Lopes in granting that the
two approaches, often interpreted as each other’s rivals, both have merit and are successful in
answering divergent questions about depiction.
After taking stock of the most influential theories from both approaches, I turn to John Kulvicki’s recent
work. He has made surprising progress as a proponent of the structural approach. His attempt to
define depiction in structural terms is groundbreaking and, for the most part, successful. The paper
measures some of his suggestions on picture structure and perception against the well-established
“twofoldness”-thesis of the perceptual theorist on depiction, Richard Wollheim. Wollheim’s theory is
defended and suggestions made to adapt Kulvicki’s theory accordingly.
Second paper (On expression)
Since Frank Sibley’s early papers in the mid-twentieth century, analytic aesthetics has broadened its
field of inquiry to extend past the traditional focus on judgements of beauty or aesthetic merit, to
peripheral terms, concepts, properties and judgements (e.g. of grace, elegance, garishness,
daintiness, dumpiness, etc.). Nick Zangwill gives a traditionalist report of what binds the new, broad
and heterogeneous category of the aesthetic together. He argues that purely evaluative aesthetic
judgements of beauty or ugliness (i.e. “verdicts”) are fundamental. All other aesthetic judgements
derive their evaluative aesthetic nature from them.
In this essay it is argued that Zangwill’s defence of beauty’s supremacy in the category of the
aesthetic, does not do justice to ostensible instances of non-evaluative judgements that ascribe
expressive properties to artworks. Nelson Goodman’s cognitivist theory of expression in art is used as
a foil for Zangwill’s claims.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bestaan uit twee essays, elk oor ’n aktuele onderwerp in estetika in die tradisie van die
analitiese filosofie.
Eerste essay (Oor uitbeelding, oftewel “piktoriale representasie”)
Gegewe ’n algemene konsensus dat ooreenkoms-teorieë nie slaag daarin om uitbeelding (“depiction”)
te verklaar nie, is daar twee alternatiewe benaderings wat die onlangse literatuur oor die onderwerp
oorheers: (1) die perseptuele benadering probeer uitbeelding begrond in die fenomenologie van ons
piktoriale ervaringe; (2) die strukturele benadering verstaan beelde as simbole in piktoriale simboolsisteme.
In navolging van Dominic Lopes neem ek aan dat dié twee benaderings, wat normaalweg as
mekaar se opponente beskou word, altwee meriete dra en onderskeidelik sukses behaal in die
beantwoording van heel uiteenlopende vrae oor die aard van uitbeelding.
Na ’n bestekopname van die mees invloedryke teorieë onder beide benaderings, word John Kulvicki
se onlangse werk oorweeg. Hy maak verrassende vooruitgang as ondersteuner van die strukturele
benadering. Sy poging om uitbeelding in strukturele terme te definiëer is revolusionêr en bied stof vir
nadenke. In hierdie essay word sommige van sy voorstelle oor beeld-struktuur en -waarneming
gemeet aan die gevestigde “twofoldness”-tesis van Richard Wollheim. Wollheim se perseptuele teorie
word verdedig en ’n voorstelle word gemaak om Kulvicki se teorie daarvolgens aan te pas.
Tweede essay (Oor uitdrukking)
Sedert Frank Sibley se vroeë essays in die middel van die twintigste eeu het die analitiese estetika sy
visier verbreed om verby die tradisionele fokus op oordele van skoonheid en estetiese waarde te kyk,
na perifere terme, begrippe, eienskappe en oordele (van bv. grasie, delikaatheid, balans, strakheid,
elegansie, ens., ens.). Nick Zangwill gee ’n tradisionalistiese verslag van wat die nuwe, breë en
heterogene kategorie van die estetiese saambind. Hy argumenteer dat suiwer evaluerende oordele
van skoonheid fundamenteel bly. Alle ander estetiese oordele se estetiese aard word daarvan afgelei.
In hierdie essay argumenteer ek dat Zangwill se verdediging van skoonheid (of estetiese waarde) as
fundamenteel tot die kategorie van die estetiese, nie laat reg geskied aan aantoonbare gevalle van
nie-evaluerende oordele, naamlik dié wat ekspressiewe eienskappe aan kunswerke toeskryf, nie.
Nelson Goodman se kognitiewe teorie van van uitdrukking in kuns word gebruik as teenhanger en
wegspringplek vir kritiek op Zangwill se aansprake.Master
Naar analogie van schaduwen aan de wand : een wijsgerige interpretatie van 'de schaduw als kunstwerk' aan de hand van Plato's grotvergelijking
No full textThesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, 'shadow' is investigated as an object of thought and (analogically
connected to this) of perception. This dialectical process is structured through
means of a series of experiments and Plato's allegory of the cave, which is
interpreted as a process directed towards selfconciousness. This process is further
explained through thinkers such as, Blumenberg, Heidegger, Levinas en Voegelin.
The purpose of this study is to break with the self-evident way in which 'shadow' is
'normally' treated and to bring back about a sense of astonishment for it.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die 'skaduwee' as waarnemingsobjek en (analogies verwant
daaraan) as denkobjek ondersoek. Hierdie dialektiese proses word gestruktureerd
met behulp van 'n aantal eksperimente en Plato se grotgelykenis, wat geinterpreteer
word as programmaties van die proses van selfbewuswording. Hierdie proses word
verder toegelig aan die hand van denkers soos Blumenberg, Heidegger, Levinas en
Voegelin. Die doel van die ondersoek is om die vanselfsprekendheid waarmee daar
met die fenomeen van die skaduwee omgegaan word te deurbreek en weer
verwondering daarvoor op te roep.NEDERLANDSTALIGE SAMENVATTING: In deze thesis wordt de 'schaduw' als waarnemingsobject en (analogisch verwant
daaraan) als denkobject onderzocht. Dit dialectische proces wordt gestructureerd
met behulp van een aantal experimenten en Plato's grotvergelijking, die
geïnterpreteerd worden als een proces gericht op zeltbewustwording. Dit proces
wordt verder toegelicht aan de hand van denkers zoals, Blumenberg, Heidegger,
Levinas en Voegelin. Het doel van het onderzoek is om de vanzelfsprekendheid
waarmee met het fenomeen van de 'schaduw' omgegaan wordt, te doorbreken en er
opnieuw verwondering voor op te roepen.Master
Faculty Day 2007
No full textThe material has been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Oral presentations: Sir Arnold Theiler Memorial Lecture : "What makes an excellent Faculty of Veterinary Medicine?" / Prof dr AWCA Cornelissen -- The role of insulin in the blood glucose perturbations seen in canine babesiosis / P Rees, JP Schoeman -- Evidence of a novel Babesia parasite in a domestic cat in South Africa / A-M Bosman, JCA Steyl, MC Oosthuizen, EH Venter, BL Penzhorn -- Serial daily serum thyrotropin, thyroxine and free thyroxine in puppies with severe
parvoviral diarrhea / JP Schoeman, ME Herriage -- Mandibular salivary gland sialoadenosis in dogs infected with Spirocerca lupi: A retrospective study / LL van der Merwe -- Clinicopathological differences between dogs with benign and malignant spirocercosisinduced oesophageal nodules / E Dvir, RM Kirberger, V Mokarera, LL van der Merwe, SJ Clift -- The prevalence of blood parasites in South African felids / A-M Bosman, EH Venter, BL Penzhorn -- Molecular characteristics of a Theileria sp. isolated from dogs in South Africa / PT Matjila, AL Leisewitz, MC Oosthuizen, F Jongejan, BL Penzhorn -- Characterization of South African Theileria equi and Babesia caballi isolates based on 18S rRNA gene sequences / R Bhoora, E Zweygarth, AJ Guthrie, L Franssen, F Jongejan, MC Oosthuizen, BL Penzhorn, NE Collins -- Molecular detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium variants which do not cause heartwater found in areas of southern Africa free of heartwater and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks / MTEP Allsopp, MF van Strijp, E Faber, AI Josemans, BA Allsopp -- Extensive recombination occurs in the field between different genotypes of Ehrlichia ruminantium / MTEP Allsopp, BA Allsopp -- Diclofenac: A molecular mechanism of toxicity / V Naidoo, GE Swan -- Induction of in vitro angiogenesis in bovine endothelial cells and the effect of Paclitaxel on neovessel formation / P Mabeta, MS Pepper -- Development of botanicals with insect repellent and toxicant properties for control of tick infestations / KG Mawela, D Luseba, JN Eloff, S Magano -- Anthelmintic activity of the crude methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats / MM Suleiman, M Mamman, YO Aliu, JO Ajanusi -- Antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) / MM Suleiman, T Dzenda, CA Sani -- An update on the 2007 Onderstepoort Feedlot Challenge / DE Holm -- Effect of lumpy skin disease virus in bull semen on in vitro embryo production / PC Irons, I Luther, K Ebersohn, A Bosman, CH Annandale, Evan Wilpe, B Colenbrander, EH Venter -- Effect of the acidic buffer 2-[N-morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid (MES) on bull semen / I Luther, E Botha, D Gerber -- The value of reproductive tract scoring as a predictor of fertility and production outcomes in beef heifers / DE Holm, PN Thompson, PC Irons -- The isolation and characterization of a Babesia bovis stock for potential use in immunization / C Olds, A Latif, N Collins, E Zweygarth -- Variable number of tandem repeat genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis: evaluation of the epidemiological relevance and comparison with IS6110 RFLP and spoligotyping / C Allix, K Walravens, C Saegerman, J Godfroid, P Supply, M Fauville-Dufaux -- A census survey of Western Cape ostrich farms to identify risk factors associated with
seropositivity to H5 avian influenza virus / PN Thompson, M Sinclair, B Ganzevoort -- The occurrence of antimicrobial drug resistance in enteric bacteria from exposed poultry abattoir workers and broilers fed antimicrobial growth promoters / JW Oguttu, CM Veary, JA Picard -- Neurocysticercosis: A possible cause of epileptiform fits in people residing in villages served by the Bethanie clinic in the North West Province / SN Manolo, CM Veary.Poster presentations: Microscopic comparison of mammalian blood platelets / L du Plessis -- Serial daily blood lactate concentrations in puppies with parvoviral diarrhea / M van Schoor, JP Schoeman -- Serial plasma glucose concentrations in canine bite wound cases / CJ du Plessis, PN Thompson, JP Schoeman -- Assessment of adrenal function in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) / LS Koster, JP Schoeman, DGA Meltzer -- Survey on filariosis of domestic cats in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa / EV Schwan, WB Hyman -- Effect of altitude on venous proinflammatory cytokine production in Thoroughbred racehorses with exercise-induced pulmonary heamorrhage / MN Saulez, J Godfroid, A Bosman, KW Hinchcliff, JL Stiltner, CC Breathnach, DW Horohov -- New perspectives on the bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility .of the bacteria of infected and non-infected dog bite wounds / B Meyers, JP Schoeman, A Goddard, E Seakamela, JA Picard -- Mapping of antigenic sites on a SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease virus using a chicken antibody phage display library / PA Opperman, FF Maree, J Theron, W Vosloo -- Genetic diversity of South African Theileria parva isolates / KP Sibeko, N Collins, M Oosthuizen, D Geysen -- Towards a recombinant vaccine for heartwater / N Thema, A Pretorius, J Liebenberg, M van Klee -- Investigating the role of cellular receptors in foot-and-mouth disease virus adaptation to in vitro growth / M Chitray, B Blignaut, FF Maree, W Vosloo -- Determination of buffalo and giraffe heart weights / S van Sitter!, G Mitchell, JD Skinner, CH Moeller, OL van Schalkwyk -- Correlation between tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from impala (Aepycerus melampus) and E. coli isolated from their water source / V Mariano, JA Picard, CME McCrindle, B Gummow, B Cenci-Goga -- Ultrastructure of the interstitial vasculature of the ostrich testis / MZJ Elias, JT Soley, TA Aire -- Present trends in udder health and emerging mastitogenic pathogens in South African dairy herds / I-M Petzer, J Karzis, JC Watermeyer, TJ van der Schans, R van Reenen, I de Goede.ab201
Progressive familial heart block (type I) : a follow-up study after 10 years
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, P.-L. et al. 1988. Progressive familial heart block (type I) : a follow-up study after 10 years. South African Medical Journal, 73:275-276.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaA follow-up study was done on 55 patients, all members of families with type I progressive familial heart block (PFHB) examined during 1977. Of the 55 patients 5 had died, 17 had normal ECGs while 7 with previously abnormal ECGs remained unchanged. All the others had progressed to a more severe form of heart block and 8 of them had received permanent pacemakers. These findings again emphasise the importance of regular ECG follow-up examinations of members of PFHB families.Publisher’s versio
Love and arms : on violence and justification after Levinas
No full textThesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: What does it mean that the violence of aggression could justify the violence of
resistance? What does such justification accomplish, and when, and how? What
underlies the conditions and limitations of justified violence, as, for example,
these have been formulated in western doctrines of "just war"? Most critically,
how could one think about the possibility of a resistance to evil that would be
effective without itself instituting further violence?
The theoretical ground of this investigation is found in a close reading of the
work of Emmanuel Levinas, specifically the section of his Otheruiise than Being,
or Beyond Essence in which human consciousness is shown to be, from the
first, called to justice in responsibility for others. For Levinas, to be a subject is
to be always already for-the-other as a substitute or hostage. This is both a
persecution and the "glory" of human being. Thus Levinas introduces an
enigmatic "good violence" prior to any distinction between aggressive and just
violences. The idea of an originary good violence opens up a reconsideration of
the evil of aggression and the joyfulness of resistance. This in turn shows the
instability or equivocation of just violence: even if it is inspired by goodness - by
one's responsibility for the useless suffering of others - it is never finally good
enough, and always at risk of slipping into injustice. The responsibility of a "just
warrior" is thus not cancelled by the justness of the cause. The justness of the
cause indeed demands ever greater responsibility, even for and before one's
enemy.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wat sou dit kon beteken dat die geweld van aggressie die geweld van verset
regverdig? Wat word bewerkstellig deur sodanige regverdiging, en wanneer, en
. hoe? Waarop berus die voorwaardes en beperkinge van geregverdigde geweld,
soos dit byvoorbeeld geformuleer is in Westerse leerstellings oor "regverdige
oorlog"? Nog belangriker: hoe kan 'n mens dink oor die moontlikheid van verset
teen die bose wat effektief is, maar sonder om self verdere geweld daar te stel?
Die teoretiese grondslag van hierdie ondersoek is 'n nougesette bestudering van
die werk van Emmanuel Levinas, meer spesifiek die afdeling van sy Otherwise
than Being, or Beyond Essence, waarin hy argumenteer dat die menslike
bewussyn van meet af aan tot geregtigheid opgeroep word in
verantwoordelikheid vir andere. Om 'n subjek te wees is vir Levinas om altyd
alreeds vir-dié-ander te wees as 'n plaasvervanger of gyselaar. Dit is sowel 'n
vervolging as die "heerlikheid" van menswees. Levinas argumenteer dus ten
gunste van 'n "goeie geweld" voorafgaande aan enige onderskeidinge tussen
aggressiewe en geregverdigde geweld. Die idee van 'n oorspronklike goeie geweld
maak 'n herdenking van die boosheid van agressie en die vreugdevolheid van
verset moontlik. Op sy beurt toon dit die onstabiliteit of dubbelsinnigheid van
geregverdigde geweld: selfs al word dit geïnspireer deur goedheid - deur 'n mens
se verantwoordelikheid vir die nuttelose lyding van ander - is dit nooit goed
genoeg nie en loop dit altyd die gevaar om om te slaan in onreg. Die
verantwoordelikheid van 'n "regverdige vegter" word daarom nie uitgekanselleer
deur die regverdigheid van sy saak nie. Die regverdigheid van die saak eis
trouens nog groter verantwoordelikheid, selfs vir en vóór jou vyand.Master
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