9 research outputs found
International financial reporting standards =Standar pelaporan keuangan internasional : pedoman praktis/ Greuning
No full textx, 409 hal.; 27 cm
International financial reporting standards =Standar pelaporan keuangan internasional : pedoman praktis/ Greuning
No full textx, 409 hal.; 27 cm
International financial reporting standards =Standar pelaporan keuangan internasional : pedoman praktis/ Greuning
No full textx, 409 hal.; 27 cm
Female educators leading socio-economically disadvantaged primary schools in post-apartheid South Africa
No full textM.Ed. (Education Management)Abstract: This study was part of the SANPAD (South African Netherlands Partnership for Alternatives in Development) research project with the title for the project “Women leading in disadvantaged education contexts” (Perumal, 2015, p. 70). This study aligned itself with the overall aim and sought to answer the research question: ‘How do female leaders navigate the challenges of leading in poor schools in post-apartheid South Africa?’ It is important to note that education under apartheid was characterized by inequalities that had an impact not only on the teaching and learning of learners but also on the management and leadership of schools (Morrow, 1990, p.174). The legacy of this system was still apparent in post-apartheid South Africa, where governance was the responsibility of the School Governing Body (SGB), and where more females were being appointed in leadership positions at schools (RSA, 1996, pp. 9-10). The experiences of white Afrikaans-speaking female leaders in managing and leading these schools under difficult socio-economic circumstances, and the role that they played in alleviating the effect of poverty on the learners were explored. Research was conducted at three schools in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. In the three cities, the men were the principals and the school management team (SMT) members were women. Semi-structured, individual interviews were used, to obtain data from the participants. During the data analysis, the following themes emerged: the socio-economic context of poverty, living conditions, food insecurity, school experiences, and female leadership strategies. Education budgets were designed to meet equitable outcomes and overcome racial disparities (Chisholm, 2004, p.1), for schools and public services in difficult socio-economic contexts, performed less effectively and local children and families experienced poorer educational outcomes (Naidoo & Perumal, 2014, p.65). In order to ensure that learners in difficult socio-economic conditions performed effectively and experienced improved educational outcomes, the focus had to be on social justice. Female leadership that recognized the unequal circumstances of marginalized groups could therefore direct its actions towards eliminating inequalities and marginalization (DeMatthews & Mawhinney, 2014, p. 846). Naidoo and Perumal (2014, p. 2) stated that..
International Financial Reporting Standards : A Practical Guiede Standar Pelaporan Keuangan International: Pedoman Praktis
No full textComparative review of microfinance regulatory framework issues in Benin, Ghana, and Tanzania
No full textThe authors investigate the microfinance regulatory regimes in Benin, Ghana, and Tanzania, with a view to identifying key issues and lessons on how the overall regulatory framework affects integration of microfinance institutions into the financial system. The authors find that recognizing different tiers of both regulated and unregulated institutions in a financial structure facilitates financial deepening and outreach to otherwise underserved groups in urban and rural areas. That environment promotes sustainable microfinance under shared performance standards and encourages regulatory authorities to develop appropriate prudential regulations and staff capacity. Case studies of the three countries raise important issues on promoting microfinance development vis-à-vis regulating them. Laws to regulate activities other than intermediation of public deposits into loans can result in disproportionately restrictive and unmanageable standards, even as dynamic microfinance sectors have emerged without conducive regulatory regimes. The authors use the three countries'regulatory experiences to highlight the importance of differentiating when prudential supervision is warranted and when regulatory oversight suffices, and to identify the agencies to carry out regulation. They address an important issue that has received scant attention, measuring and paying for the costs of regulating microfinance, and the need to build technical capacity of supervisory and regulatory staff.Banks&Banking Reform,Rural Finance,Financial Intermediation,Microfinance,Private Participation in Infrastructure
Islamic financial contracting forms in Saudi Arabia: Law and practice
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThe main objective of this research is to examine whether the current practices of Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia are compatible with the principles of Shariah. This examination includes the current uses of sukuk (Islamic bonds), the models of takaful (Islamic insurance) and accepted risk transfer mechanisms in Islamic structured finance (Islamic derivatives). The second purpose is to investigate the basic laws of banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia and examine whether they are compatible with Shariah principles. The final aim is to suggest solutions to the absence of regulatory and supervisory systems of Islamic finance in Saudi Arabia by proposing a legislative and regulatory framework for Islamic banking and finance in Saudi Arabia.
The research findings show that there are no specific laws and regulations governing Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia. In addition, there is no independent central Shariah board to regulate and supervise Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia, nor are there are any specialised commercial courts to look into banking issues. The research finds that there are some articles in the law of supervision of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia, and its implementing regulations, which do not comply with Shariah, and in addition, there is some incompatibility between the law and its implementing regulations. The final finding is that the issuance of sukuk and Islamic financial derivatives in Saudi Arabia are not consistent with Shariah requirements, due to the absence of regulatory policies and supervisory harmonisation, while Islamic insurance needs to amend some articles of the law of supervision of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia, and its implementing regulations, in order to comply with Shariah and also to avoid incompatibility between them
DEVELOPING ISLAMIC FINANCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRADE FINANCING: ESSAYS ON ISLAMIC TRADE VIS-À-VIS THE OIC TEN-YEAR PROGRAMME OF ACTION
No full textInternational trade has been defined as the engine of growth by international development institutions as more cross-border trade associated with more economic activity, higher employment, hence, poverty alleviation. If trade is the engine of growth, trade finance can be defined as grease for the engine. Hence, availing more funds to finance the enormous amount of international trade, counting about half of global GDP, is an important agenda for the OIC as well as many multilateral development institutions. The main reason behind the efforts to avail more funds for trade finance is to direct valuable financial resources from speculation to explore opportunities to increase international trade in a way to grease and roll the wheel of real economy. With reference to the OIC Ten-Year Programme of Action to Meet the Challenges Facing the Muslim countries in the 21st century, this research aims to introduce outward-looking, cost-effective, and informal policy options for a resilient OIC trade integration to increase international trade among OIC countries.
In this regard, the first essay aims to explore the determinants of recent increase in intra-OIC trade to ascertain if it is due to policy instruments implemented by OIC organs or some other externalities. It is argued that recent increase in intra-OIC trade percentage is likely to be the product of reverse effects of oil price surge and Euro appreciation but not trade diversion effect of OIC membership. OIC membership itself alone would not increase intra-OIC trade if not accompanied with policy instrument for trade facilitation to make cross-border trade easier among member countries. However, as customs revenue constitutes the bulk of public revenue for many OIC countries, they need to be convinced about benefit of trade facilitation. Accordingly, with reference to the unwillingness of OIC countries for trade facilitation, the same essay scrutinizes the effect of tariff and WTO Customs Valuation Agreement on customs’ revenue of OIC countries. The results suggest that increasing tariffs might increase customs revenue for big countries but not for small countries. Besides, the implementation of WTO Customs Valuation Agreement does not decrease customs revenue as its indirect undervaluation effect would be surpassed by its direct effect of less incentive for tax evasion.
As a crucial crop for public finances in many OIC countries and initial stage of industrialization, special emphasis is given to development of the cotton sector under the OIC Ten-Year Programme of Action. The Third Expert Group Meeting on Enhancing Production Efficiency and International Competitiveness in OIC Cotton-Producing Countries adopted the Five-Year OIC Cotton Plan of Action (2007-2011). As per the mandate of OIC, two Islamic trade finance products are proposed, one for the cotton sector through the resources mobilized with mudarabah, by proposing salam for complete supply chain financing in the second essay, and another for resource mobilization based on 2-Step murabahah in the context of international trade as an alternative to commodity murabahah, sukuk as well as mudarabah in the third essay.
In conclusion, based on further findings of the survey, the questionnaire and interviews; capacity building in trade facilitation for small countries to be complemented with OIC mutual recognition agreement for standard and conformity assessment within halal food standard development; integrated single window among OIC countries’ customs; OIC cumulation system of rules of origin for market access; inward processing relief as an alternative to free trade zones; development of the cotton sector among OIC countries to address production constraints of LDMCs and 2-Step murabahah to mobilize trade finance resources to boost trade of OIC countries, particularly for LDMCs, are proposed as a part of concretely defined and well-grounded OIC trade integration framework
