1,720,956 research outputs found
A better city life: More urban green
No full textThe place where you live is a part of your life. The perception of the living environment partly determines the perception of overall life. This graduation project tries to contribute to a better urban living environment and therefore to a better urban life. The key solution to this is urban green. The graduation project can be split in three parts. The first part of the graduation project is an overview of the benefits of urban green. This theoretical part is based on a literature study. The second part of the graduation project focuses on the design: an urban regeneration. This practical part is based on the results of the process of research by design. The location is set by two pre-war neighbourhoods in Utrecht Noordwest: Elinkwijk and Zuilen. The third part of the graduation project puts the urban design in a wider perspective. The design solutions can be used in other situations.Urban RegenerationUrbanismArchitectur
“On?Site” Evolutionary Villages - Rescripting the transformation mode of urban villages, Shenzhen, China
No full textBased on the new policy of Shenzhen municipality, this project tries to transfer the urban village into the new social housing in the city. According to the human settlement design principles, this project will improve the spatial quality and renovate the commercial potential of urban village to help these isolated islands to integrate with the surrounding areas.Architecture, Urbanism and Building TechnologyUrbanismArchitectur
Een complex-cognitieve benadering van stedebouwkundig ontwerpen
Get PDFDe motivatie voor dit proefschrift is ontstaan in de stedebouwkundige praktijk. Ten eerste vanuit een verbazing over de complexiteit van de opgaven waarvoor stedebouwkundigen wordt gesteld, en de manieren die ze in hun loopbaan ontwikkelen om met deze complexiteit om te gaan. Ten tweede vanuit een verbazing over de hoge mate van ongrijpbaarheid van deze manieren van werken: veelal worden deze niet expliciet benoemd en zijn ze in hoge mate individueel van aard. In een tijd waarin vele vakgebieden de stad ontdekken is het noodzakelijk dat deze impliciete kennis, die is opgeslagen in het vakgebied, expliciet wordt gemaakt. Enerzijds is dit nodig om eerdere fouten te voorkomen, anderzijds om de succesvolle manieren van werken uit te bouwen en deelbaar te maken met anderen. De recente economische crisis heeft bovendien aan het licht gebracht dat voor stedebouwkundigen vanzelfsprekende (en noodzakelijke) onderdelen van het ontwerpproces voor opdrachtgevers niet zo evident zijn. In dit proefschrift is een start gemaakt met een fundament op basis waarvan deze processen meer expliciet kunnen worden benoemd. Een aantal bouwstenen voor dit fundament is gelegd in een tweetal congressen die gedurende het schrijven van het proefschrift samen met Juval Portugali zijn georganiseerd: Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age in 2009, en Complexity, Cognition, Urban Planning and Design in 2013. Op deze congressen zijn de verbindingen die in dit proefschrift worden gelegd besproken met de betrokken wetenschappers. Ik raad iedereen die in zijn/haar proefschrift nieuwe verbanden wil leggen aan iets vergelijkbaars te doen: wetenschap is mensenwerk, en er is niks leuker dan deze mensen samen te brengen en je ideeën te bespreken met de mensen achter de artikelen en boeken. Een aantal van deze mensen is van grote invloed geweest op dit de inhoud van dit proefschrift: Hermann Haken, Michael Batty, Bill Hillier, Jeffrey Johnson, Scott Kelso, Paul Thagard, en Barbara Tversky.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Building Traditions
No full textResearch on designing a building for the local community of Waai with traditional building materialsExplorelabArchitectureArchitectur
Democratic landscape, an adaptive collaborative approach to regional urban planning
No full textThis graduation project focuses on one of our government's important tasks: spatial planning. Recent events have shown us that our current planning system has become insufficient: it is unable to cope with our rapidly changing society. Research on new and adaptive forms of collaborative planning is conducted. Forms that can be used alongside existing planning methods tp provide a helping hand in achieving ambitious planning goals, such as energy self-sufficiency or maintaining liveability in areas that cope with a shrinking population. The new planning method is based on communication and collaboration between important actors from all layers of society: science, policy, and civil society. The research is tested on and optimalized for the Hoeksche Waard region.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
A world of acquaintances: How spatial patterns on various scales can form an integrated strategy to facilitate collective efficacy in Beverwaard
No full textThe welfare state is transforming into a participatory society, in which citizens are expected to fill in the gaps left by the retreating government. At the same time, the government is trying to decentralize, putting increasing emphasis on cities, districts and neighborhoods. How can we, as urban planners and designers, facilitate participation in this changing political paradigm? A lof of concepts come into play when linking these ideas about society - thus social issues - to spatial solutions. The aim of this graduation project is to facilitate collective efficacy - the social cohesion among residents and their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good. In order to do this, the urban planner/designer intervenes in the physical environment. The environment must be designed such, that it facilitates public familiarity on the one hand (people knowing one another) and territoriality on the other (individually or collectively feeling responsible for a space). These two concepts in turn can facilitate collective efficacy. In Beverwaard, a cauliflower neighborhood in the utter southeast of Rotterdam, the subjective scores of participation and social cohesion are far below average. and anonimity is high. Yet, the municipality of Rotterdam promotes Beverwaard as a district where people know one another, with a village-like vibe. These observations make Beverwaard a testcase very well suited for this graduation project. Beverwaard as a whole is mainly residential, except for one shopping center. However, the shopping center is located far away for a lot of residents, which means they often take the car to shopping centers outside of Beverwaard. Also, the district is experienced as a whole district instead of a district with spatially articulated smaller entities in terms of scale. The housing quality in Beverwaard is often appreciated, although they often house lower income groups. Hence, the residents of Beverwaard often feel at home in their own private houses and sometimes in the district as a whole; the institution of a neighborhood for instance, is hardly mentioned. The infrastructural system is characterized by a cauliflower structure; main roads branch out into secondary roads, which in turn branch out into third order streets that are often designed as “woonerven” or parking spaces (“hofjes” for parking). The public spaces for staying in Beverwaard, like the streets, are also differentiated in terms of scale of use. While most of the streets function relatively well with the exception of some of the hofjes for parking, the public spaces do not always work as well as perhaps intended. Often, the spaces that do not function well, are not used a lot or where conflict is likely to arise, there is a problem with the readability of the space. The territorial boundaries are often unclear. From a literature review and the spatial analysis of Beverwaard and Overschie as a case study, a pattern language has been developed. These design patterns each provide a hypothesis, often concerning a spatial solution for a socio-spatial problem. The patterns are a convenient way of translating research into design elements, while the design can likewise influence the patterns as well; developing a pattern language is a dialectic process. The basic layout of a design pattern makes it an ideal tool to communicate with laymen, but also with professionals. The patterns are ordered in a pattern language, in which the semantic relationships between the patterns play an important role. By visualizing these relationships, design choices can be made more explicit, and are therefore easier to communicate. Returning to Beverwaard, the main problems, as described, result from a lack of spatial articulation of certain spatial entities, as well as a lack of places to interact with others. The long-term vision for Beverwaard aims to take a few important measures: the boundaries of neighborhoods are spatially articulated, each neighborhood starts to develop an own identity overtime and the facilities located in the center now are spread out over the district at strategic locations as places to meet others. The vision ideally is established in a workshop with “local leaders”, actors who know what goes on in the district and have the capacity to act on it. Furthermore, two scenarios have been established to guide the transformation on the smaller scales: the readability scenario and the enclosure scenario. The readability scenario is aimed at spatially articulating territories on various scales; it is relatively cheap, flexible and “open”, as it outsiders are still allowed to go anywhere. The enclosure scenario in contrast, is characterized by an enclosure of spaces for outsiders or at least limiting the number of outsiders at specific locations. This scenario is relatively expensive, inflexible and “closed”. Ideally, the choice of scenario for a specific location is done in a workshop with local leaders as well. In this workshop, the more abstract, large scale patterns are employed. The choice of scenario provides the framework for the further infill of the actual interventions. The infill is ideally decided upon in a workshop by local residents; their local knowledge is essential in redesigning a public space, for instance. In this workshop, the more concrete and small scale patterns are used, as they can be more easily understood by the laymen and are most relevant for the concrete infill of the framework. The vision as well as the specific interventions are all targeted at making territories readable and facilitating public familiarity on various scales. Each of the interventions is shown in flowcharts, making the choices of patterns and thus the design choices explicit. Together, all the small scale interventions fit into the long-term vision and they will generate a district with a gradual transition from private to public. Hence, the original idea behind the cauliflower district has been updated, to form an environment that will facilitate collective efficacy. Beverwaard thereby might become the district it aims to be; a district ready for the participatory society.Urban FabricsUrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Tanthopia: The Contemporary Garden City
No full textDe wijk Tanthof-West in Delft-Zuid kent een bijzondere geboorte. Eerst zou het een hoogbouwwijk worden naar een ontwerp van Bakema, daarna een tuinstadwijk van net afgestudeerde ontwerpers. Uiteindelijk werd het door omstandigheden een grijs compromis tussen beide plannen. Vanuit de theorieën achter deze plannen (van respectievelijk Le Corbusier en Ebenezer Howard) kom ik met een transformatieplan; van grijs compromis naar kansrijke combinatie. Van grootschalige sloop in het centrum tot het plaatsen van heggetjes in de omliggende buurten. Daarbij speelt het historische slagenlandschap een belangrijke rol als verbindende structuur. Het verhaal wordt afgesloten met een reflectie op Utopia.Design as PoliticsUrbanismArchitectur
Private residential domains in the Netherlands: A research on the causes and effects of an increase of private neighbourhoods in urban areas
No full textThe number of enclosed residential domains (ERDs) in the Netherlands has seen a remarkable increase over the past twenty years. Roughly half of these projects are located in urban areas. This raises the question what the impact of large scale privatisation is on the city. Knowledge regarding the Dutch case is scarce. In particular, the relation between spatial aspects of ERDs and their effect on Dutch cities is a key aspect missing in the body of knowledge. In order to assemble and add relevant knowledge on this subject, this graduation project aims at answering the following question: How can the spatial design of private residential domains enhance the living quality in Dutch urban areas for both residents aswell as the public? The project focuses on the scenario of an increase of private residential domains in urban areas. The project is roughly divided into three phases. In the research part the problem is analysed and tools for analysis and design are developed. This is followed by the design phase in which the tools are applied and a privatised neighbourhood is designed. A large scale scenario featuring multiple ERDs in an urban area is simulated since there is a lack of such cases in reality to study. In order to define the properties of ERDs affecting the city a vision tool is developed considering the juridical, social and spatial properties. An ERD can be seen as a combination of different layers of segregation on top of the built environment, namely the accessibility of the area (spatial and social), the communities (social), the liabilities for the area (social and juridical) and the rights of ownership (juridical). To relate social, juridical and spatial properties of ERDs to future urban design, a literature research regarding the possible effects of an increase of ERDs on the Dutch public realm has been made. This research resulted in three recommendations for designing an ERD area. First, maintain a dense network accessible to the public. Second, the addition of expression of identity in space can have a positive influence on the role of public space. Third, homogeneity of a neighbourhood should be prevented. The quality of ERDs for the dwellers is defined by research on the reasons to live in a Dutch ERD, abstracted from literature research and media analysis of real estate agent advertisements of Dutch urban ERDs. For each layer different choices can be made, each affecting the others. Which properties form the starting point for an urban plan depends on the approach of the ERD project. An urban designer’s approach starts with the built environment, the accessibility and the right of ownership. The liabilities and the community are a consequence of the choices made in the urban plan. In contrast, an urban strategy approach starts with focussing on the social and juridical part. As a result, the built environment and accessibility are a consequence thereof. In order to focus on the effects of the spatial properties the urban designer’s approach is chosen. The design process was a test case of large scale privatisation for residential purposes in an urban area. The location chosen is Rivierenbuurt Noord in the Hague. The first assumption is that in the coming years the municipality will hand over this area to private actors. After that the desired level of accessibility and density in the area is determined with respect to the influences of the surrounding city scape. For further design, the accessibility in the area is set to meet the recommendation of having a dense urban network in private space. The next step is to test the possibilities for the built environment based on the density and the diversity of the neighbourhood. This includes a supply of different living environments, the diversity of resident groups and their possibilities to express identity and a diversity in accessible spaces for the public. The design process is a continuous process whereby choices for one property affected decisions made on other properties. The application of developed tools is a side product of this process. A ‘quality monitor tool’ developed during the research phase is used to compare the design with existing ERDs. The conclusion of this research is: ERDs can be of an added value for both the public and the public in a Dutch city in one urban plan by integrating the qualities for both. New types of living environments created by private residential domains provide new demands on the housing market, without necessarily having a negative impact on Dutch cites. But in order to design ERDs in Dutch urban areas, it is of high importance to decide first what the accessibility plan of the area would be on both publicly and privately ownded space, considering the value of the spaces for the public domain of the city. Living quality in private domains are supported by the input initiators of projects add and the role municipalities have as inspirators and projectmanagers of the privatisation projects. It is also possible to transform current publicly owned space into collectively owned space while adding value for all users. A remark is that the current juridical ownership structures in Dutch law are insufficient to provide large scale longterm privatisation processes at the moment.Environmental Design and Urban design / Design as politicsUrbanismArchitectur
Horti Danubii
No full textFor a large stretch the border of Romania and Bulgaria runs over the Danube. At only two points this river is crossed by transportation infrastructure. One of the two points is the crossing between Ruse (Bulgaria) and Giurgiu (Romania). In these surroundings several places were visited along the Danube. Most of these observations turned out to be different from the expectations: the places were neglected at the backside of the countries. This seems to be caused by a lack of money from authorities and possibly a lack of awareness from the local population. The next part of the report is a search to a solution for this problem: how to create a connection between the existing ecological and recreational network and the river border area of the Danube? By the use of different methodologies the search is deployed. On the one hand several observations took place, strengthened by desk research. Not only in the studied stretch, but -parallel to this- as well studies of nature parks in Holland were undertaken. On the other hand a more theoretical approach took place, by the use of the patch-corridor-matrix-theory (Forman, 1995) and studies about animal-visitor interactions. Eventually a solution is found in the concept of connectivity and elaborating on this a green infrastructure: at every scale an interweavement between the recreational and ecological network and the river border area takes place. Neglected places are found and activated to create an interconnected network of protected nature areas. The otter and beaver form in this network the symbol of a healthy nature. On the L(arge)-scale, the stretch between Ruse and Silistra, a regional plan is elaborated with linked recreative routes that show the new green infrastructure. On the M(iddle)-scale of Ruse and Giurgiu a masterplan is drawn up with again linked recreative routes and an interconnected network of green areas that provide habitat for wild animals. On the S(mall)-scale one of the newly actived places is elaborated: the missing link between several valuable Natura 2000 areas at the island Luliaka. This part contains a detailed design of an otter and beaver nature park including a planting plan and several impressions.FlowscapesLandscape ArchitectureArchitecture and The Built Environmen
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