673 research outputs found
On complexity and transparency : the limits of taxonomic ordering
No full textAbstract: This research note is a rejoinder to Steve Wallis' commentary on our paper "The limits of transparency: a systems theory view" (Valentinov, Verschraegen, van Assche, 2019
Social capital, transition in agriculture, and economic organisation: a theoretical perspective
No full textSocial capital is defined as the shared knowledge, trust, and culture, embodied in the structural forms of networks and other stable inter-agent relationships. Social capital has been shown to be more difficult to build than economic capital, and to have greater beneficial effects for community as a whole. The relevance of the social capital concept for transitional agenda is explained by the increasing responsibility of private collective action and grass-roots decisions in managing the business activities in agriculture, since this is required by the more democratic foundations of the market economy. Different forms of business organisations are shown to be differentially but consistently associated with social capital, with the major social capital dependent organisational form being the cooperative. The growing complexity of inter-agent relations (particularly in transitional context) causes the increasing amount of economic responsibility being transferred from authority-based to social capital-based forms of economic organisation, i.e. from markets and hierarchies, based mainly on economic capital, to networks with their primary accent on social capital. The social capital-based organisation in agriculture is particularly important in view of its industry-specific limitations and is represented mainly by cooperatives and farmers associations. The optimal role of the government is to invest in social capital in order to enable rural communities to solve their problems by means of private collective action (self-organisation), rather than attempt to substitute the latter. -- G E R M A N V E R S I O N: Sozialkapital wird definiert als geteiltes Wissen, Vertrauen und gemeinsame Kultur, eingebettet in Netzwerkstrukturen und andere stabile Beziehungen zwischen Agenten. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Sozialkapital schwieriger aufzubauen ist als ökonomisches Kapital und dass es größere Auswirkungen auf die Gemeinschaft als Ganzes hat. Die Relevanz des Sozialkapital-Konzeptes für die Agenda der Transformationsländer wird erklärt durch die wachsende Verantwortung von privaten, kollektiven Handlungen und Basisentscheidungen beim landwirtschaftlichen Betriebsmanagement, wie es für die demokratischen Strukturen der Marktwirtschaft erforderlich ist. Verschiedene Betriebsformen sind unterschiedlich, jedoch durchweg verbunden mit Sozialkapital. Die landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsgenossen-schaften erweisen sich dabei als am meisten abhängig von Sozialkapital. Die wachsende Komplexität der Inter-Agenten-Beziehungen (insbesondere im Kontext des Transformationsprozesses) bewirkt, dass ein steigender Anteil ökonomischer Verantwortung von autoritätsbasierten zu sozialkapital-basierten Organisationsformen übergeht, d. h. von Märkten und Hierarchien, die vor allem auf ökonomischen Kapital basieren, zu Netzwerken mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Sozialkapital. Die sozialkapitalbasierten Organisationen in der Landwirtschaft werden hauptsächlich durch Genossenschaften und Bauernverbände repräsentiert und sind besonders wichtig in Hinblick auf ihre industriespezifischen Beschränkungen. Politische Maßnahmen sollten Investitionen in Sozialkapital unterstützen, um ländliche Gemeinden zu befähigen, ihre Probleme durch private, kollektive Handlungen (Selbstorganisation), anstatt zu versuchen, diese zu ersetzen.social capital,agricultural cooperative,economic organisation,Sozialkapital,Agrargenossenschaft,ökonomische Organisation
Are Cooperatives Hybrid Organizations? An Alternative Viewpoint
No full textThis paper questions the designation of cooperatives as hybrids of market and hierarchy on the grounds that cooperatives possess more differences from these governance mechanisms than commonalities with them. It is argued that the definition of a governance mechanism’s hybridity depends on the definition of the governance continuum, with the conventional market-hierarchy continuum failing to accommodate the specificity of the cooperative organization. Utilizing the logic of the property rights theory of the firm, the paper develops an alternative continuum for cooperative, hierarchical, and market organization. These governance mechanisms are shown to exhibit growing difference in the extensiveness of property rights assigned to the involved contractual parties. This continuum does not imply the hybridity of cooperatives; rather, it locates hierarchy between market and cooperative organization. The empirical validity of the new continuum is confirmed by the results of a survey of members of several Ukrainian rural cooperatives.Agribusiness,
Reconceptualising the third sector: toward a heterodox perspective
No full textThe paper explores the way the work of classic institutionalist authors can inform modern nonprofit economics. From the perspective of Thorstein Veblen, nonprofit organisation is explained as an institutional consequence of the pecuniary-industrial dichotomy. John R. Commons' institutional economics is used to highlight the role of nonprofit organisation in eliminating excessive scarcities of vital goods, thus achieving a more reasonable standard of living in a society. In the theoretical system of Clarence Ayres, nonprofit organisation is shown to embody a particular stage in the progressive weakening of the institution of private property in response to technological imperatives. The paper concludes with discussing nonprofit organisation as a conceptual link in reconciling the institutionalist paradigms of instrumental value and reasonable value.institutionalism, nonprofit organisation, Veblen, Commons, Ayres
Essays by Jan Vladislav
No full textBakalářská práce se zaměřuje na esejistickou tvorbu českého básníka a překladatele Jana Vladislava. Teoretická část se zabývá významem slova esej, jeho vývojem a hlavními znaky, a dále také osobností Jana Vladislava. V praktické části jsou již popisovány samotné eseje, ve kterých jsou nalezeny hlavní znaky eseje a metody, které autor používal. Hlavní pozornost je věnována dvěma Vladislavovým deníkům, a to Otevřenému deníku a Pařížskému zápisníku.The theme of this bachelor thesis is Essays by Jan Vladislav. This thesis is focused on Essays by Jan Vladislav, Czech writer and translator. The theoretical part concentrates on defining the genre of essay, outlining its development and main characteristics. It also introduces the personality of Jan Vladislav. The practical part analyzes his essays, focusing on main characteristics of essay and the methods used by the author. The main attention will be dedicated to two of Vladislav's diaries Otevřený deník (Open Diary) and Pařížský zápisník (Paris Diary).Fakulta filozofickáDokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo
The Minister Vladislav Klumpar in Hospital in Zlín
No full textThe segment shows the visit of the Minister of Social and Health Administration Vladislav Klumpar to the new maternity ward of Baťa Hospital in Zlín on 2 September 1940
Stakeholder theory and the knowledge problem: A Hayekian perspective
No full textThis paper explores the potential for stakeholder theory to illuminate what F.A. Hayek called "the knowledge problem", pertaining to how a society manages to utilize "knowledge not given to anyone in its totality". According to Hayek, this problem is addressed by the price system, which induces economic actors to harness local and dispersed pieces of knowledge that would not be available to a central planner. The present paper argues that the growing turbulence in the business environment, as pointed out by stakeholder theorists, poses a challenge to the ability of corporate managers to harness local knowledge. Stakeholder theory is shown to imply that, in a turbulent environment, managers' ability to do so is increasingly dependent on their access to the knowledge held by corporate stakeholders. This argument suggests that the building of stakeholder relationships is a crucial institutional solution to the knowledge problem
Understanding the rural third sector: insights from Veblen and Bogdanov
No full textPurpose: Despite the worldwide importance of third sector organizations in rural areas, the theoretical connection between the third sector and rural development remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical explanation of why and how third sector organizations contribute to rural development. Design/methodology/approach: The paper builds upon the institutional economics of Thorstein Veblen and the tektology of Alexander Bogdanov. Tektology is used as an instrument to bring Veblenian criticism of pecuniary culture to bear on the explanation of the rural third sector. Findings: Based on the tektological law of systems divergence, the Veblenian pecuniary‐industrial dichotomy and rural‐urban disparities are shown to be interrelated evolutionary consequences of pecuniary culture. Third sector organizations' contribution to rural development is explained in terms of the tektological notion of counter‐differentiation. Applied to pecuniary culture, counter‐differentiation involves attenuating its basic ingredients, such as private ownership and pecuniary motivation. This is achieved through third sector organizations' characteristics such as profit appropriation constraint and nonpecuniary goal orientation, respectively. Originality/value: The paper identifies the institutional economics implications of the general systems theory and utilizes these implications to inform the research on the internationally relevant problem of rural development.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectivel
The idea of significance of childhood in the books and pedagogical heritage by Vladislav Krapivin
No full textРассматриваются особенности литературно-педагогического творчества Владислава Крапивина.In the article the author is featuring all the ins and outs relevant to the literary-pedagogical creative work by Vladislav Krapivin
Vladislav Vančura and Družstevní práce
No full textTato práce si klade za cíl představit spolupráci významného českého autora Vladislava Vančury a nakladatelského domu Družstevní práce. Vladislav Vančura bude představen především v roli redaktora a člena nakladatelského družstva. Práce si klade za cíl představit specifika fungování družstevního nakladatelství. Předmětem práce jsou paratexty tištěné jednak v propagačním časopise DP Panorama, jednak Vančurovy redaktorské posudky na knihy zasílané nakladatelství. Práce využívá archivních pramenů, dobových tiskovin a odbornou literaturu vztahující se k vytyčenému dílčímu tématu.This work tries to define the partnership between this author and his publisher. Specifically this is the relationship between Vladislav Vančura and his publisher Družstevní práce. This specific type of collaboration is a good example of well-going mutual relationships. On the one hand there is a great writer and on the other one there is a well-functioning publisher.Their teamwork was not just about publishing books but during that time it was a personal grew in his editorial and critical activity.Fakulta filozofická1. Studentka představila téma práce, cíle, metodu.
2. Vedoucí a oponentka seznámili komisi s posudky.
3. Studentka reagovala na otázky obsažené v posudcích a na další dotazy členů komise.
4. Diskuse.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo
- …
