25 research outputs found
Single-layer and double-layer filtration materials based on polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene nanofibers coated on melamine microfibers
No full text<p>In this work, we demonstrate selected optimization changes in the simple design of filtration masks to increase particle removal efficiency (PRE) and filter quality factor by combining experiments and numerical modeling. In particular, we focus on single-layer filters fabricated from uniform thickness fibers and double-layer filters consisting of a layer of highly permeable thick fibers as a support and a thin layer of filtering electrospun nanofibers. For single-layer filters, we demonstrate performance improvement in terms of the quality factor by optimizing the geometry of the composition. We show significantly better PRE performance for filters composed of micrometer-sized fibers covered by a thin layer of electrospun nanofibers. This work is motivated and carried out in collaboration with a targeted industrial development of selected melamine-based filter nano- and micromaterials.</p>Corresponding author: Tilen Potisk ([email protected]
Calvesʼ management conditions affect sperm count in adult bulls
No full textEarly maternal separation may have long-lasting physiological effects on different organ systems. Although long-lasting effects of early maternal separation are mostly studied in connection with the development and function of the central nervous system hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, animal health, behaviour and productivity, there is a lack of information about its impacts on the reproductive system. In the dairy industry, calves are often separated from mothers 1 or 2 days after birth and are not nursed. In the present retrospective study based on data from an artificial insemination (AI) centre, we compared semen parameters and fertility in bulls that were separated from their mothers one day after birth with the semen parameters of bulls that remained with their mothers and were nursed for approximately 2 months. Semen parameters were followed in 3 consecutive years in 52 maternally separated and 22 nursed bulls
Captivity-associated variations in fecal testosterone and progesterone metabolite concentrations in mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella)
No full textBackgroundMountain gazelle (Gazella gazella) is a medium-sized antelope native to arid regions that is currently listed as an endangered species. There are only two known populations of mountain gazelles worldwide, one of which is in Hatay (Türkiye). In this study, we investigated the differences in the fecal concentrations of testosterone and progesterone metabolites in free-ranging and captive mountain gazelle.MethodsFecal samples were collected from the ground in the Hatay Mountain Gazelle Wildlife Development Area, located in Hatay Province (Türkiye) during each season of the year. In total, 246 samples, 170 from free-ranging population and 76 from captive population, were collected and used to determine testosterone and progesterone metabolite concentrations. The metabolites were extracted from dried fecal samples using methanol, and their concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The detection methods were partially validated. The analytical validation includes the determination of coefficients of variation, sensitivity of the measurements, recovery rate, linearity and cross-reactivity. In biological evaluation, the predicted reproductive status of the animals was compared with the concentrations of the progesterone and testosterone metabolites in feces.Results and conclusionOur analysis revealed that fecal samples obtained from free-ranging individuals consistently contained higher levels of testosterone metabolites than those obtained from the captive individuals. No consistent pattern was detected for fecal progesterone metabolites. Our results suggest that a constant supply of water stimulates intestinal transit. Therefore, due to faster intestinal transit the population with continuous water availability throughout the year (captive population) has lower concentrations of fecal hormone metabolites. These findings are relevant not only for the mountain gazelle as a species of endangered status but also provide important information regarding the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of steroid hormone excretion in ruminants
Hair cortisol of pigs in mixed organic farms: the influence of season, breeding system and sex
No full textIntroductionMeasurement of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a useful tool for assessing the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and thus evaluating the long-term adrenocortical response in different animal species and breeds. Robust indigenous pig breeds are highly adapted to the local environment and are preferred for organic farming, compared to the commercial breeds. We investigated whether seasonality, breeding system (indoor or outdoor) and sex influence HCC of pigs reared on organic farms.Materials and methodsFifty-three pigs of the indigenous Slovenian Krškopolje breed were divided into three groups. Group Ind (n = 15) was housed indoors, groups Out-1 (n = 18) and Out-2 (n = 20) were housed outdoors on two different farms for the duration of 9 months. Hair was sampled once per season in the withers area of each pig and HCC was determined using a previously validated ELISA.Results and discussionThe effect of seasonality was found to be significant and more pronounced in pigs reared outdoors. HCC were highest and varied most in winter for all groups, while they were lowest and varied less in summer and autumn. The highest HCC was measured in group Out-1 in winter, as it was the only group housed outdoors at that time. Group Ind had significantly higher HCC in summer compared to the groups Out-1 and Out-2, which could be due to hair cortisol degradation by the UV light exposure in outdoor groups. Sex had no effect on HCC. Our study suggests that seasonality and housing type influence the HCC of pigs
(R)evolution Interrupted? A Collective Reflection on Equality and Anti-discrimination Law in a Climate of Regression
No full textThe article reassesses the trajectory of European anti-discrimination law from the “re-volution” of 2000—marked by the EU Racial Equality and Employment Equality Directives—to the more sobering climate surrounding their 25th anniversary in 2025. While the Directives broadened protection and introduced potent enforcement tools (including burden-of-proof rules and requirements for effective sanctions), the mom-entum of EU equality law has largely stalled. The clearest symbol is the Horizontal Directive proposal, blocked in the Council since 2008, alongside only modest and often consolidating developments in EU secondary law, mostly in the gender field. The author, therefore, asks how anti-discrimination law can be advanced in a political and social landscape increasingly different from the one that enabled the 2000–2004 expansion. Drawing on collective reflection at the 12th Annual Berkeley Center on Comparative Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law Conference in Ljubljana (2025), the author distils three interlinked themes. First, he maps contemporary challenges: entrenched discriminatory attitudes, institutional bias, weak enforcement marked by political and judicial obstacles, data deficits, and the practical difficulty of addressing intersectional and algorithmic discrimination. Second, he outlines possible responses that build on a dual strategy of defence and adaptation: the principle of non-regression o human rights standards as a shield against rollback, alongside equality mainstreaming, strategic litigation, and complementary policy tools that may bypass legislative dead-lock. Third, he highlights the importance of inspiration as a professional and civic re-source, emphasising professional responsibility, coalition-building beyond the juridical field, and persistence amid setbacks
Remember to keep holy the Lord\u27s day : explanation and meaning of the third Commandment of the Decalogue for a Christian.
No full textZapoved sobote je v Svetem pismu obravnavana na mnogih mestih. Povezuje se s stvarjenjem in z izhodom iz Egipta. Ta dogodka v Peteroknjižju predstavljata dve njeni utemeljitvi. Tudi v zgodovini judovskih razlag je tematika sobote izredno obširna. Oboje predstavlja temelj, ko želimo spoznati pomen krščanskega Gospodovega dne – nedelje. Prav to obravnava avtor v magistrskem delu – kaj naj bi Gospodov dan predstavljal današnjemu kristjanu. Ob pregledu današnjega stanja, mišljenja in življenja mnogih vernikov v Katoliški cerkvi lahko hitro uvidimo aktualnost tega vprašanja. Do pravilnega razumevanja želi avtor pripeljati preko treh delov nalogenajprej je to ugotavljanje umeščenosti desetih Božjih zapovedi v svetopisemski kontekst. Nato sledi podrobna eksegetska analiza obravnavane zapovedi ter njena interpretacija. Vse to nam pokaže osrednje mesto, ki ga tretja zapoved zavzema znotraj Svetega pisma. V zadnjem delu avtor predstavi judovski pogled na sobotni dan. Predstavljeno je njihovo praznovanje vsake sobote. Poleg tega je predstavljeno tudi, s kakšnim mišljenjem vse to opravljajo, kaj jih vodi v njihov odnos do sobote, ki jim resnično predstavlja nekaj najpomembnejšega v življenju. Po teh ugotovitvah se naloga na koncu dotakne še krščanskega razumevanja Gospodovega dne – od prve Cerkve do papežev našega časa.The commandment of the Sabbath is discussed in many places in the Bible. It is connected with creation and with the exit from Egypt. In the Pentateuch these events present two of its justifications. Also in the history of Jewish explanations, the subject of the Sabbath is extremely extensive. Both are the foundation for understanding the importance of the Christian Lord\u27s day - Sunday. This is exactly what the author deals with in his master\u27s thesis - what the day of the Lord should represent to today\u27s christian. When examining the current situation, beliefs and life of many believers in the Catholic Church, we can quickly see the relevance of this issue. The author wants to show correct understanding through three parts of the master\u27s degreefirst, it is to identify the ten commandments of God in the biblical context. This is followed by a detailed exegetical analysis of the commandment and its interpretation. All this shows us the central place that the third commandment occupies within the Bible. In the last section, the author presents the Jewish view of the Sabbath. Presented is their celebration of every Saturday. In addition, it presents how is their thinking connected with the things they do and what leads them to their relationship to the Sabbath, which truly represents one of the most important things in their lives. According to these findings, the task ultimately touches upon the Christian understanding of the Lord\u27s day - from the first Church to the popes of our time
Ecumenical endeavours of Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013)
No full textV magistrskem delu z naslovom Ekumensko prizadevanje papeža Benedikta XVI. (2005–2013), avtor predstavi in ovrednoti pobude, prizadevanja ter storjeno delo zaslužnega papeža Benedikta XVI. (Josepha Ratzingerja) na področju ekumenizma – dialoga in zbliževanja med katoliško Cerkvijo in drugimi Cerkvami ter cerkvenimi skupnostmi. Delo si prizadeva predstaviti urejen pregled celostne in raznolike ekumenske dejavnosti, ki jo je papež postopoma izgrajeval in dopolnjeval v času svojega pontifikata. Avtor pri podajanju in povzemanju razprav, člankov, homilij in nagovorov uporablja predvsem deskriptivno in eksplikativno metodo.
Delo je razdeljeno na štiri poglavja. V 1. poglavju je predstavljeno Ratzingerjevo zgodnje zanimanje za ekumenizem in delo, ki ga je opravil kot teološki profesor in prefekt Kongregacije za verski nauk. Sledijo tri poglavja, ki so posvečena ekumenskemu dogajanju v času njegovega pontifikata (2005–2013).
Najprej so v 2. poglavju predstavljeni papeževi odnosi s krščanskim Vzhodom – pravoslavnimi in starimi vzhodnimi »sestrskimi Cerkvami«, do katerih je papež gojil prav posebno naklonjenost in bližino, saj nadvse visoko cenijo tradicijo in starodavna izročila.
V 3. poglavju sledi predstavitev papeževih odnosov s krščanskim Zahodom – evangeličansko-luteranskimi cerkvenimi skupnostmi, anglikansko skupnostjo ter drugimi zahodnimi cerkvenimi skupnostmi in svobodnimi Cerkvami, ki jih je imel nemški papež priložnost srečati in od blizu poznati.
Potem ko avtor v 2. in 3. poglavju obravnava odnose s posameznimi Cerkvami in cerkvenimi skupnostmi (bilateralni ekumenizem), se v 4. poglavju posveča ostalim ekumenskim srečanjem splošne narave (multilateralni ekumenizem).In the herewith master\u27s thesis entitled The Ecumenical Endeavours of Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013) the author introduces and then dutifully evaluates all the initiatives, efforts and work done by the Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Ratzinger, as far as ecumenism is concerned. The Holy Father should receive a full credit and a recognition merit for his contributions to the movement toward worldwide Christian unity that is based on the principle of dialogue, toward bringing Christians of different Churches and denominations closer together. The thesis seeks to give us an outline of Pope\u27s variegated ecumenical activities, since he succeeded in gradually building up and complementing the immense ecumenical task during the time of his pontificate. When presenting and concisely summarizing scientific discussions, articles, homilies, and speeches the author mainly uses the descriptive and explicative method.
The thesis is divided into four chapters. The 1st chapter introduces Ratzinger\u27s early interest in ecumenism and the work he carried out as a professor of theology and later as Prefect at the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The next three chapters are devoted to the ecumenical journey which became his priority during his pontificate (2005–2013).
The 2nd chapter discusses Pope\u27s relations with the Eastern Christianity – the Eastern Orthodox and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. He dedicated special affection and closeness to these »sister Churches«, which set a high value on tradition and ancient legacy.
The 3rd chapter focuses on the presentation of Pope\u27s relations with the Western Christianity – the Evangelical-Lutheran Ecclesial Communities, the Anglican Community and other Western Ecclesial Communities and Free Churches, which the German Pope had the opportunity to meet and get to know closely.
While the relations among various Churches and Ecclesial Communities (bilateral ecumenism) is dealt with in the 2nd and in the 3rd chapter, all the other ecumenical meetings of general nature (multilateral ecumenism) are discussed in the 4th chapter
Use of extraordinary legal remedies in administrative procedure ex officio
No full textIzredna pravna sredstva v upravnem postopku kažejo na njegovo ambivalentnost, ki se vidi v istočasnem varovanju javnega interesa in interesov strank. Iz tega razloga morajo biti opredeljena in uporabljena tako, da je med enimi in drugimi interesi zagotovljeno ustrezno ravnotežje. Namen tega dela je analizirati, ali je to ravnotežje zagotovljeno v slovenski ureditvi izrednih pravnih sredstev, kadar se uporabijo po uradni dolžnosti.
Avtor tako analizira omejitve uporabe izrednih pravnih sredstev po uradni dolžnosti z vidika varstva zaupanja v pravo in varstva pridobljenih pravic. V prvem delu predstavi štiri najpomembnejša načela, ki (so)determinirajo uporabo izrednih pravnih sredstev po uradni dolžnosti: načelo zakonitosti, načelo varstva javnega interesa, načelo varstva zaupanja v pravo in načelo pravnomočnosti. Pri tem se opredeli tudi do vsebinske povezave med varstvom zaupanja v pravo in načelom pravnomočnosti v upravnem postopku. V drugem delu sledi predstavitev sodne prakse ESČP in SEU, iz katerih izhajajo določene omejitve pri poseganju v pravnomočne upravne akte po uradni dolžnosti predvsem z vidika varovanja lastninske pravice. Pri tem se pokaže, da so omejitve za retroaktivno poseganje ob-čutno strožje kot omejitve za poseganje v posamične upravne akte z učinkom za naprej.
Temu sledi še analiza slovenske sodne prakse, ki vprašanju omejitev poseganja v pravnomočne upravne akte še ni posvečala posebne pozornosti. Na koncu avtor analizira še možnost poseganja v upravne akte glede na različne njihove lastnosti (zakoniti oz. nezakoniti ter pozitivni oz. negativni) in ob uporabi primerjalnopravne metode kritično ovrednoti ureditev tega vprašanja glede na zahteve v uvodu izpostavljenih načel. V zaključku so preko potrditve ali ovrženja uvodnih hipotez povzeti ključni izsledki tega dela.Extraordinary legal remedies display the ambivalence of administrative procedure, as it at the same time tries to protect public interest and the interests of the parties. For that reason, extraordinary legal remedies must be used in such a way, as to strike a balance between the two opposing interests. This work tries to assess, whether the right balance is achieved in Slovenian regulation of extraordi-nary legal remedies, when they are used ex officio.
The author analyses limitations to the use of extraordinary legal remedies ex officio with respect to the protection of legitimate expectations and protection of acquired rights. In first part, he presents four most important principles, which (co)determine use of extraordinary legal remedies ex officio: principle of legality, principle of protection of the public interest, principle of protection of legitimate expecta-tions and the principle of finality of a legal decision. He also assesses the connection between the last two mentioned principles with respect to administrative procedure. This is followed by the second part, in which judicature of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of European Union is presented, from which certain limitation to the possibility of revocation of administrative decisions can be extracted, mostly with respect to the right to property. It is also shown that the limitations for retroactive revocation of administrative decisions are much stricter than limitations for pro futuro revocation.
This is followed by an analysis of Slovenian judicature, which so far has not put much emphasis on the question of revocation of final administrative decisions. Lastly, the author analyses the possibilities of revocation of different types of administrative decisions (legal or illegal, positive or negative) and gives propositions for more effective regulation of this area with respect to the aforementioned principles. In doing so, he also uses the comparative method. In conclusion the most important results of this work are summarised by conformation or rejection of hypothesises, put forward in introduction
Balancing freedom of expression and freedom of religion
No full textMagistrsko diplomsko delo obravnava Bogoskrunstvo kot stičišče pravice do svobode izražanja in pravice do svobode veroizpovedi. V uvodnem delu predstavi temeljne značilnosti Bogoskrunstva, opredeli vsebinski okvir naloge ter omeji obseg omenjenih pravic in tehtanja med njima na sodno prakso Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice. Sledi pregled relevantnih pravnih virov, mednarodnopravnih dokumentov in priporočil ter pravne ureditve Bogoskrunstva v izbranih državah. V osrednjem delu se posveti razvoju sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice na področju Bogoskrunstva, opredeli glavne institute razvoja in pojme »Verska čustva«, »Verski mir« in »Upravičena ogorčenost«. V nadaljevanju predstavi kritičen pogled na razvoj sodne prakse ter ponudi zametke primernejše ureditve. V sklepnem delu so predstavljena glavna dognanja magistrskega diplomskega dela, do katerih se avtor tudi opredeli.This master\u27s thesis examines blasphemy as the intersection between the right to freedom of expression and the right to freedom of religion. The introductory part presents the fundamental characteristics of blasphemy, defines the substantive framework of the thesis, and confines the scope of the rights in question and their balancing to the case.law of European Court of Human Rights. This if followed by an overview of the relevant legal sources, international legal documents and recommendations, as well as the regulation of blasphemy in selected countries. The central part focuses on the develepment of the case.law of the European Court of Human rights in the field of blasphemy, highlighting the main concepts that have emerged, namely »religious feelings«, »religious peace« and »justifies indignation«. The subsequent section offers a critical assessment of this jurisprudential development and suggests the outlines of a more appropriate judicial approach. The concluding part summarizes the main findings of the thesis, to which the author also responds
Ocena dobrobiti prašičev iz različnih pogojev reje z določanjem koncentracije kortizola v dlaki
No full textŠtudija je primerjala dobrobit krškopoljskih prašičev v treh ekoloških sistemih reje: na prostem (PR), v hlevu z izpustom (HI) in v hlevu (HR). Dobrobit so ocenili z vprašalnikom in z analizo koncentracije kortizola v dlaki, ki odraža dolgotrajen stres. Ugotovili so, da se raven dobrobiti in stres razlikujeta glede na letni čas in način reje. Najvišja dobrobit je bila zabeležena spomladi v HI, najnižja pa večkrat v PR. Zima je povzročila najvišje koncentracije kortizola pri vseh skupinah, poletje in jesen pa najnižje. Optimalna reja se torej spreminja skozi leto: pozimi je primerna reja v hlevu, spomladi HI, medtem ko so poleti in jeseni bolj primerni pogoji na prostem. Rezultati kažejo, da je kombinacija vprašalnika in analize kortizola dobra metoda za ocenjevanje dobrobiti prašičev
