227 research outputs found
Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration: Molecular, Functional, and Translational Approach
No full textWith the advancements in the medical and scientific fields, the global community has acquired a comprehensive understanding about brain insults and pathologies. In addition, new findings and discoveries are being made globally every day, which keep our curiosity high and drive a knowledge gain. Any brain insult or pathology is multifactorial, including a cascade of inflammation, necrotic, and apoptotic pathways; can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors; and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration or disabilities. This Special Issue, entitled “Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration: Molecular, Functional, and Translational Approach”, has addressed various important aspects of brain injury and neurodegeneration, such as TBI, cerebral hypoxia, epilepsy, AD, and SARS-CoV-2-mediated brain damage. It received appreciable global response, and published 18 peer-reviewed articles, including 10 research articles and 8 reviews. Briefly, it explores the recent coronavirus infection-mediated cerebral damage; discusses the mechanism of TBI, ischemia, hypoxia, and epilepsy; talks about neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and CONDCA; and, finally, reviews the translational values of phytochemicals in brain pathologies. In conclusion, this Special Issue provides a unique review on brain injury and neurodegeneration, and will be a good tool in enhancing knowledge in terms of brain disease-related pathology, mechanisms, and translational approach
Quantitative analysis in television news: a model for categorizing the news of ETBBasque Television’s ‘Gaur Egun’
Get PDFEste artículo aborda los diversos aspectos de la categorización en la investigación cuantitativa aplicada al análisis de un informativo de televisión. El proceso de creación de estas categorías y subcategorías y la definición de cada uno de esos conceptos constituyen el eje central del trabajo. Para ello, se ha tomado como base el programa Gaur Egun de ETB-Televisión Vasca y se ha diseñado un sistema de categorías específico en el cual se han clasificado las unidades de información que componen la muestra.This article discusses the various aspects of categorization in quantitative research applied to the analysis of television news. The process of creating these categories and subcategories and the definition of each of these concepts are the main topics of this work. The research is based on the news broadcasted by ETB-Basque Television in its program Gaur Egun. For this purpose, it was designed a system of categories in which the author classifies the information units used in the sample
Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration
No full textThe brain encompasses numerous kind of cells, such as, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells, etc., which have specific structures and functions, as well as an integrated role in CNS homeostasis. For example, glial cells—especially astrocytes and microglia—respond to immunological clues, secrete chemokines/cytokines/growth factors, perform phagocytosis, and support the neurons and vasculature of the CNS. Any insult to the brain, such as in the case of a traumatic brain injury, causes neuroinflammation that leads to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental and occupational factors, such as blast, can also cause neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Addiction to alcohol and tobacco or hormones can afflict brain health in many ways. In addition, the health of other organs such as oral health and microbiota has a great impact on neurological and cardiovascular health, and has garnered much attention recently. With rapid advances in neuroimaging, improved diagnostic tools, and the identification of biomarkers, we have improved our understanding of brain pathologies and their chronic impact. This Special Issue is the second in the series on the topic and has brought together interesting research on cellular functions, environmental impacts, and therapeutic interventions for brain pathologies, providing a comprehensive overview of the current progress in neuroscience. With a compilation of 16 articles, this Special Issue will be a fascinating read for the readers
Navigating the Second Victim Experience in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Colonoscopy.
No full textThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
© 2025 The Author(s). JGH Open: An open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Lipid-based nutrient supplement to address child undernutrition and enteric parasitic infections in India
Get PDFUndernutrition is an outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases. Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) are calorie and nutrient dense food products that are suitable to complement most food rations due to their long shelf life and convenience. Although available in other markets, staple-based LNS for India do not exist. More importantly, no currently available LNS formulations address the other immediate causes of undernutrition such as parasitic infections and gut inflammation in children. The objective of this study was to develop advanced LNS 2.0 with improved shelf stability, consumer acceptability, and antiparasitic activity via added oregano essential oil (OEO) bioactives.
LNS were formulated using Indian staple dairy ingredients, and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via face centered composite design with four factors and three coded levels: antioxidant (ascorbyl palmitate; at 0.0, 0.01, 0.03%), emulsifier (soy lecithin; at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%), omega-3 (flaxseed oil (FO); at 0, 5, 10%) and accelerated storage temperature and time (23 and 40±2°C; at 0, 3, 6 months). Consumer acceptability was assessed using a 9-point hedonic scale among Indian mothers and students. Next, a dual modality in vitro cell culture model was employed to investigate the effect of OEO and its main bioactive carvacrol on prevention of parasite C. parvum invasion and infection of HCT-8 cells. Finally, β-Cyclodextrin (β-CyD) encapsulation of OEO and carvacrol (1:1 molar) was utilized to mask the potent flavor of bioactives, and achieve controlled intestinal delivery of bioactives, measured using triangle sensory test and 2-phase in-vitro digestion model, respectively.
Optimal levels to maximize storage time and flaxseed oil and minimize oxidation were found as 0.02% antioxidant 1.5% emulsifier, and 4.9% FO. LNS formulations were found acceptable with or without FO similar to other commercial supplements. OEO and carvacrol were found to reduce relative C. parvum infectivity in a dose-dependent manner to 55.6 ± 10.4% and 45.8 ± 4.1% at 60 and 30 μg/mL of OEO and CV, respectively. Lastly, β-CyD complexes of OEO and CV were found significantly stable (p<0.05) through the gastric and intestinal phase enabling their potential release in colon via fermentation by colonic microflora. Triangle tests revealed no significant difference in color, smell, and taste between LNS with and without β-CyD-OEO complexes. In conclusion, staple-based LNS functionalized with β-CyD-OEO complex were feasible and can potentiate their application in addressing undernutrition and parasitic infections in at-risk populations.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Shashank Gaur, accepted the attached license on 2017-06-14 at 18:43.The student, Shashank Gaur, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-06-14 at 18:58.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-06-20 at 13:20.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11224 on 2017-09-29 at 11:13:44Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T16:39:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Asundexian: a systematic review of safety, efficacy, and pharmacological insights in thrombosis.
No full text© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Background: Asundexian, a novel oral Factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor, targets the intrinsic coagulation pathway to prevent thrombosis while potentially reducing bleeding risk compared to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). This systematic review synthesizes clinical evidence on its safety, efficacy, and pharmacological properties in managing arterial and venous thrombotic events.
Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science for clinical trials and observational studies on asundexian until January 2025. Inclusion criteria included studies reporting safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data, with quality assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.
Results: Eleven trials (n > 21,000, phases 1-3) were included. Asundexian suppressed FXIa activity, with phase 2 trials (e.g., PACIFIC-AF, PACIFIC-STROKE) showing reduced bleeding compared to apixaban. However, the phase 3 OCEANIC-AF trial was terminated early due to inferior efficacy in atrial fibrillation, with higher stroke/systemic embolism rates (2.5%) versus apixaban. PK/PD data support once-daily dosing with minimal drug interactions. Safety concerns include potential abnormal uterine bleeding, with limited data.
Conclusion: Asundexian shows promise in reducing bleeding but lacks efficacy in high-risk settings like atrial fibrillation. Ongoing trials are needed to define its role in specific thrombotic conditions
Postgraduate gastroenterology training and continuing medical education in Africa: challenges, opportunities, and future directions.
No full textCopyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0(CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Africa faces a critical shortage of gastroenterologists amidst a growing burden of digestive diseases. Despite an alarming rise in gastrointestinal (GI) conditions - including peptic ulcers, GI cancers, and infectious colitis - postgraduate training in gastroenterology remains underdeveloped. This narrative review examines the structural, educational, and systemic challenges facing GI training across the continent, drawing from peer-reviewed literature, institutional surveys, and global health databases. Findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in training program length, curriculum standards, and procedural exposure. Advanced techniques like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograph and endoscopic ultrasound remain inaccessible to most trainees, while simulation facilities and didactic teaching are often limited. Faculty shortages, lack of protected research time, and minimal access to conferences further compromise academic development and contribute to workforce attrition. Despite these challenges, several innovative approaches offer hope. Low-cost simulation models, tele-education, and hybrid conference formats are improving access to training. Regional centers of excellence and North-South collaborations - such as partnerships between African institutions and the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) - have demonstrated success in building local capacity. The expansion of digital platforms, diaspora engagement, and public-private partnerships presents further opportunities. Recommendations include implementing competency-based assessments, supporting faculty development, creating regional accreditation bodies, and investing in infrastructure. Addressing systemic inequities in conference access and leveraging geospatial surveillance tools could also enhance disease mapping and policy planning. Ultimately, strengthening gastroenterology education in Africa requires coordinated regional and international action to develop sustainable, context-sensitive training ecosystems. This review provides a roadmap for achieving equitable specialist training and improving digestive health outcomes across the continent
Protective effect of desipramine, venlafaxine and trazodone against experimental animal model of transient global ischemia: Possible involvement of NO–cGMP pathway
No full textEffect of nonselective and selective COX-2 inhibitors on memory dysfunction, glutathione system, and tumor necrosis factor alpha level against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
No full textNeuroprotective potentials of candesartan, atorvastatin and their combination against stroke induced motor dysfunction
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