1,721,034 research outputs found
Intracranial meningiomas related to external cranial irradiation
No full textThree cases are presented of meningiomas following small-dose external cranial irradiation in which several features clearly indicate a causal relationship between radiotherapy and tumor development. In two of them, multiple meningiomas followed X-ray treatment for Tinea capitis. The length of the latent period separates meningiomas following high-dose irradiation, usually administered for intracranial tumours, from those which followed small-dose irradiation. Therefore the oncogenic mechanism seem to act differently in the two groups. This demonstration that multiple meningiomas can occur in patients irradiated for Tinea capitis should enable other similar cases to be recognized
Chronic subdural hematoma in extremely aged patients.
No full text445 cases of chronic subdural hematomas have been operated on during the last 35 years (1951-1986). The ages of the patients ranged from 14 to 91 years and averaged 54 years. Two groups of patients were considered and compared: (A) extremely aged patients, who were over 75 years old, and (B) patients in their sixth decade of life whose age was in fact close to the mean age of chronic subdural hematoma patients in our experience. There were 35 cases (8% of the total number of cases) in group A and 113 cases (26%) in group B. Presumably etiological trauma was less severe in elderly patients who more frequently showed a background of hormonal derangement, such as liver and/or prostatic disease. Bilateral hematomas were detected more frequently in older patients. They usually presented with mental retardation, unlike younger patients who more frequently had symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Early postoperative complications occurred more frequently in older patients. However, this did not preclude obtaining good results in more than three quarters of them. The implications of these findings are discussed
Giant aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery simulating a cerebellopontine angle tumor
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Epidermoids of the Cerebellopontine Angle : uselfulness of CT scan
No full textThe AA report their experience of 8 cases of epidermoids of the cerebellopontine angle (cpa). In analyzing the various clinical, radiological and operating aspects and the results they emphasize the diagnostic pre-operative value of CT scan.
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Antonio Pacchioni (1665-1726): early studies of the dura mater.
No full textThe clustering of arachnoid villi along the sagittal sinus forms what is known as ''Pacchioni granulations.'' These structures were first described in 1705 by Antonio Pacchioni, an italian scientist. Pacchioni was born in Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 1665, and there he received his degree in medicine. Later he moved to Rome where he built a successful career dedicated to medical practice, research, and teaching. He became a friend of some of the leading scientists of his age: Lancisi, Malpighi, and Morgagni, among others. He devoted himself to elucidating the structure and function of dura mater, and in his studies often used the new technique of maceration of anatomical specimens in various fluids. Among Pacchioni's written works, the Dissertatio Epistolaris de Glandulis Conglobatis Durae Meningis Humanae (1705) deserves the greatest consideration as it contains the first description of arachnoid granulations. He compared dura to cardiac muscle and attributed to its ''glandulae'' (glands) the faculty of secreting lymph for lubrication of the sliding movements between meninges and brain during contractions. Three centuries after Pacchioni's death in Rome in 1726, the fine structure of arachnoid villi has not been fully elucidated; moreover, many questions related to mechanisms underlying cerebrospinal fluid absorption remain unanswered
Analytical Monitoring of Brain Metabolism:Not a Research Tool for Elite Academy but an Essential Issue for Return to Play Following Concussion
No full textConcussion, a peculiar type of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) frequently encountered in sports medicine, is characterized by complex molecular alterations of various important functions of neuronal cells, including mitochondrial-related energy supply, ionic homeostasis, neurotransmitters, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) homeostasis, and even gene expression. Most of these molecular and metabolic derangements are of limited duration (spontaneous recovery of metabolism and cell functions), representing the bases of the metabolic brain vulnerability occurring after mTBI. In this chapter, we describe results of experimental studies evidencing the connections among mTBI, energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and NAA, as well as we summarize results of clinical studies demonstrating that the monitoring of brain metabolism (NAA and creatine) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a useful tool to increase the safety of return to play of athletes after a concussion. The application of 1H-MRS in concussed athletes shows that clinical symptoms clear much faster than normalization of brain metabolism. 1H-MRS allows to measure objective parameters of biochemical relevance and is suitable to determine the end of the period of brain vulnerability. This information cannot otherwise be obtained with clinical tests of current use and is important to minimize the risks related to an early return on the field of concussed athletes
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