423 research outputs found
Boris Volkov. The Return of a Forgotten Name
No full textThe article for the first time presents the work of the writer of the Eastern emigration Boris Nikolaevich Volkov (1894–1954). He was known to contemporaries for his publications in Harbin, Shanghai, Paris, Prague and other cities, where he was published under various pseudonyms. However, he is now a forgotten author. The article analyzes two short stories by Volkov: “The Steppe Crow” and “The Descendant of Genghis Khan” from the perspective of the writer’s autobiography, as well as in the light of the cultural traditions of the Mongols. The analysis involved the “Ancient Mongolian Legend of Genghis Khan”, which helps to reveal the semantic core of the plot motives of the works related to the traditions of steppe hospitality. The most exotic of them is hospitable heterism. The plots of both works are based on autobiographical events and refer to the early period of the writer’s life, when he was a Civil War participant on the side of Kolchak. Sent by the admiral to Mongolia to oppose Ungern’s Pan-Mongol campaign, Volkov was sentenced to death by the baron. So he was forced to flee to China. The Mongols helped him in his dangerous journey. The twists and turns of this adventurous part of the biography are reflected in the two works under analysis. In them, Volkov appears as a real artist, whose works replenish the arsenal of ethnographic literature. Thematically, both stories belong to the corpus of works that develop an international theme in Russian literature of the early twentieth century. The characters of the stories learn the wise and poetic attitude of the Mongols to the world, to life and death, based on ancient traditions and customs
Topos “Karjala” in Bilingual Poetry by A. Volkov
No full textThe observations on the specifics of the Karjala topos in the works of the bilingual poet A. Volkov is for the first time presented in the article. It has been proved that in his mind “Karjala” is associated with “native land”, the memory of ancestors, native language, Livvik’s happiness itself. In Russian and Karelian-language poems, the recreated spaces of “Karjala” are semantically similar. This locus is open (the center of the universe) and closed (the outskirts of Russia) at the same time. Like an archeologist, the author turns to the understanding of the mythological genealogy of “Karjala”, its ancestral homeland, proto-language, archetypes of national consciousness, totem signs. The authors found that the bilingual view of the universe allowed the poet to conceptualize in a new way and reveal, in the context of world history and culture, the main concepts in the life of Livvik Karelians: native dialect, memory of tradition, Karelian genotype, Livvik happiness. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the socalled semantic “transitions” from one ethnic picture of the world to another (remembering is transformed into crying, the genesis of the native language as a gift from God — into the path to God). In the poetic reconstruction of the Karjala topos by A. Volkov, the Karelian worldview is fundamental, the Russian language and literature is a guide in the formation of an original poetic tradition. For the first time, the original poems of A. Volkov and their auto-translations were introduced into scientific circulation
Large Numbers and Counting Rods
No full textAlexeï Volkov' s paper treats the problem of the finiteness of numbers formulated in the IIIrd century (?) treatise Shu shu ji yi by Xu Yue, and commented in the VIth century by Zhen Luan. The author suggests that the treatise may have been used in the framework of debates on the Buddhist notion of reincarnation. A reference to a theoretical construction which allowed one to obtain numbers as large as desired (similar to that of Archimedes' Sand-Reckoner) is discussed, as well as the role of the counting devices in establishing a general notion of number.Grands nombres et baguettes à calculer
Cet article traite du problème de la finitude des nombres, tel que formulé par le traité du 3e siècle (?) Shu shuji yi, de Xu Yue, sur lequel Zhen Luan rédigea un commentaire au 6e siècle. L'auteur suggère que le traité a pu être repris dans le cadre des débats sur la notion bouddhiste de réincarnation. Il discute également la construction théorique, similaire à celle d' Archimède dans l'Arénaire, permettant d'obtenir des nombres aussi grands que l'on veut, aussi bien que le rôle des instruments de calcul dans l'établissement d'une notion générale de nombre.K. Volkov Alexeï. Large Numbers and Counting Rods. In: Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident, 1994, n°16. Sous les nombres, le monde : Matériaux pour l'histoire culturelle du nombre en Chine ancienne, sous la direction de Alexeï Volkov. pp. 71-92
Scientific and Technological Development of Egypt in the XXI Century
No full textThe author analyzes the scientific and technological development of modern Egypt, which the country’s leadership considers to be one of the main means for building a knowledge economy and ensuring national sovereignty. The current Constitution of Egypt contains a provision on the priority development of science and technology, as well as the obligation of the state to increase the share of spending for these purposes to 1% of GDP.
Using mainly data from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, as well as papers of Egyptian scientists, the author draws a detailed picture of the current state of science and technology in Egypt. He also provides data on their development plans until the 2021/22 financial year, according to which public investment for these purposes should be increased to 1.2% of GDP. This will not only strengthen the material base for the development of science and technology, significantly increase the number of researchers, their salaries and publication activity, but also create favorable conditions for improving the commercialization of scientific achievements. To this end, the country’s government is building science cities, encouraging the conclusion of scientific and technological alliances that combine the capabilities of science and business, and creating a favorable regulatory environment and incubators for the development of national startups, one of which has already turned into a unicorn.
All this strengthens Egypt’s position as one of the leaders of scientific and technological progress in Africa
Topologically stable magnetization states on a spherical shell: curvature-stabilized skyrmions
No full textTopologically stable structures include vortices in a wide variety of matter, skyrmions in ferro- and antiferromagnets, and hedgehog point defects in liquid crystals and ferromagnets. These are characterized by integer-valued topological quantum numbers. In this context, closed surfaces are a prominent subject of study as they form a link between fundamental mathematical theorems and real physical systems. Here we perform an analysis on the topology and stability of equilibrium magnetization states for a thin spherical shell with easy-axis anisotropy in normal directions. Skyrmion solutions are found for a range of parameters. These magnetic skyrmions on a spherical shell have two distinct differences compared to their planar counterpart: (i) they are topologically trivial and (ii) can be stabilized by curvature effects, even when Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions are absent. Due to its specific topological nature a skyrmion on a spherical shell can be simply induced by a uniform external magnetic field
Sevastopol’s two hundred year anniversary celebration in the context of memory policy
No full textВолков Евгений Владимирович, окончил Челябинский государственный университет (1989). Доктор исторических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры истории России, директор научно-образовательного центра «Устная история», Южно-Уральский государственный университет. Сфера научных интересов: история граждан-
ской войны в России, визуальная и культурная история советского общества. E-mail: [email protected]
E. V. Volkov, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation,
[email protected]В статье рассматриваются события, связанные с празднованием в 1983 г. двухсотлетней годовщины со дня основания города Севастополя. Автор анализирует образы Севастополя, запечатленные в памятниках, книгах, картинах, пьесах, фильмах и факт награждения города орденом Октябрьской революции. Проведенное исследование дает основание говорить о целенаправленной политике памяти со стороны властей в период позднего СССР. В ходе празднования данного юбилея конструировались и транслировались идеологически окрашенные дискурсы, служившие основой для мифов советской эпохи. Такие мифы формировали коллективные представления многих советских людей о прошлом Севастополя. Акции празднования двухсотлетней
годовщины города, прежде всего, подчеркивали советский образ Севастополя, связанный с событиями революции 1917 г., Великой Отечественной войны и «социалистического строительства» после войны. При этом впервые власти стали уделять большое внимание истории города в XVIII в. и таким фигурам как Ф. Ф. Ушаков и А. В. Суворов. Однако в то же время не получили широкого распространения имена Екатерины II, Г. А. Потемкина, Ф. А. Клокачева,
Ф. Ф. Мекензи и Д. Н. Сенявина как лиц, причастных к основанию Севастополя. The events associated with the two hundred year anniversary of the founding of Sevastopol in
1983 are studied in this article. The author analyzes images of Sevastopol captured in monuments, books, films, and plays, as well as the awarding of the Order of the October Revolution to the city. This research highlights the targeted memory policy of the authorities in the late USSR. During the celebration of this anniversary, ideologically colored discourses were designed and broadcast to serve as the basis for the myth of the Soviet era. Such myths have formed a collective representation for many Soviet people about the past of Sevastopol. Two hundred year anniversary celebration of the
city underlined the Soviet image of Sevastopol which associated with the events of the Revolution of 1917, the Great Patriotic War and the “socialist construction” after the war. For the first time authorities have started to pay attention to the history of the city in the XVIII century and such figures as F. F. Ushakov and A. V. Suvorov. However, at the same time such names as Catherine II, G. A. Potemkin, F. A. Klokachev, F. F. Mackenzi and D. N. Senyavin as the individuals who were involved in the founding of Sevastopol were not widespread
Pre-University Education in Egypt at the Turn of the Second and Third Decades of the XXI Century
No full textThe author analyzes the system of pre-university education in Egypt, which the Constitution of 2014 undertakes to raise to the «international level». To this end, the government has been reforming it since 2017, which is partly financed by a loan from the World Bank. The main directions of the reform include improving preschool education, improving the qualifications of teachers, changing the system of assessing students’ knowledge and strengthening the technical base of schools and colleges.
Despite the first successes of pre-university education reform, it is still expanding mainly extensively, without significantly improving the quality of education of Egyptian students. The reason for this lies in the significant lack of public investment, which the government is trying to compensate by attracting private business, both national and international, to this area. However, this leads to increased inequality in access to education. In addition, even taking into account private investments, the amount of funding for pre-university education is still far from the 4% of GDP provided for by the Constitution.
The main problems of pre-university education continue to be the unsatisfactory average level of qualification of Egyptian teachers, mainly due to their low wages, a large number of pupils in classes, as well as the weak material and technical base of schools and colleges. There are also significant differences in the territorial development of pre-university education in Egypt, as well as between its various stages and directions. Egyptian business continues to experience a shortage of qualified graduates of the secondary vocational education system, despite certain successes achieved in its development in recent years
The research of energy saving in frequency-regulated electric motors of alternating current obtained from the optimization of their start-braking regimes
No full textUNIVERSAL SOLUTION OF OPPENHEIMER-VOLKOV EQUATIONS FOR STRANGE STELLAR SYSTEM BASED ON THE MIT BAG MODEL
No full textThe universal solution of Oppenheimer-Volkov equations with strange quark matter equation of state of the MIT bag model is calculated in a reduced form which is independent of the MIT constant B. The lower limit of the observational pulse period of pulsars (0.69 ms) is predicted by the MIT bag constant B = (146 MeV)4 which is fitted to the hadronic spectrum, while the observed lower limit of pulse period of pulsars (1.56 ms) gives an astrophysical restriction on the lower limit of the MIT bag constant as B > (97 MeV)4.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FT27400011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)1ARTICLE3347-3521
“So You Want to be an Author”: The Yellow Brick Road of Translation, Adaptation, and Translated Plagiarism
No full textDuring the Soviet era, the practice of retelling foreign fiction was relatively common. In 1939, translator Alexander M. Volkov, took the liberty of retelling a well-known Western tale. To be more precise, Volkov changed the title and the names of the characters, omitted and added some chapters, and discarded the name of the author in the process. As a result, generations of readers grew up without knowing that their favorite book was penned by L. Frank Baum and known in the United States as The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Given that Volkov’s version of Baum’s tale was published during the Soviet era, there is an overall tendency to relate the discrepancies between The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Wizard of the Emerald City to the influence of ideology and censorship, overlooking other potential factors. With the aim of filling the gap, my thesis examines how, and postulates why, Volkov has deviated from the source text. This problem is discussed through a comparison of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz with The Wizard of the Emerald City (1959, revised edition). In addition to examining Volkov’s modifications using seven categories, this thesis addresses his role in rewriting Baum’s tale by attempting to differentiate between translation, adaptation, appropriation, parody and translated plagiarism in general, and, in particular, situate The Wizard of the Emerald City within these conceptual categories
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