66 research outputs found
Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida)
No full textShokoohi, Ebrahim, Mehrabi-Nasab, Abdolrahman, Mirzaei, Mahdieh, Peneva, Vlada (2013): Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida). Zootaxa 3599 (6): 519-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.
Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. (Tylenchina: Anguinidae) from Iran
No full textShokoohi, Ebrahim, Iranpour, Fahime, Peneva, Vlada, Elshishka, Milka, Fourie, Hendrika, Swart, Antoinette (2018): Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. (Tylenchina: Anguinidae) from Iran. Zootaxa 4399 (2): 197-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.
FIGURE 3 in Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida)
No full textFIGURE 3. Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. A, B, C: Buccal cavity. D: Entire female. E: Cardia diagram. F: Female reproductive system. G: Vagina with vulval papillae. H–J: Female tail.Published as part of Shokoohi, Ebrahim, Mehrabi-Nasab, Abdolrahman, Mirzaei, Mahdieh & Peneva, Vlada, 2013, Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida), pp. 519-534 in Zootaxa 3599 (6) on page 525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22017
FIGURE 1 in Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. (Tylenchina: Anguinidae) from Iran
No full textFIGURE 1. Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. A, G: Anterior end; B: Entire male; C: Entire Female; D, E: Lip region and stylet; F: Female reprodUctive system; H: Lateral Field incisUres; I: Cross section oF midbody showing lateral Field; J: Post Uterine sac; K, L: Female posterior end; M: Male posterior end.Published as part of Shokoohi, Ebrahim, Iranpour, Fahime, Peneva, Vlada, Elshishka, Milka, Fourie, Hendrika & Swart, Antoinette, 2018, Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. (Tylenchina: Anguinidae) from Iran, pp. 197-206 in Zootaxa 4399 (2) on page 200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/120658
Mylonchulus kermaniensis Shokoohi, Mehrabi-Nasab, Mirzaei & Peneva, 2013, sp.n.
No full textMylonchulus kermaniensis sp.n. (Figs. 3 & 4) Material examined. Six females, in good preservation. Measurements. See Table 2. Description Female: Body almost cylindrical, ventrally curved after fixation. Cuticle smooth under LM, 3 µm wide at mid body. Head region continuous with neck, having six lips bearing 6 + 4 papillae. Amphid openings oval, aperture 4–5 µm wide, located 9–12 µm from anterior end. Buccal cavity large, goblet -shaped, about 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide, with thick, cuticularised vertical walls, 2 µm diameter. Dorsal wall bearing a sharp, 8–10 µm long and 4–5 µm wide dorsal tooth, directed forward, located in the anterior half of buccal cavity at 56–60 % from its base; two foramina present at the base of buccal cavity lying close to each other, 4–6 µm long. Six transverse rows of rasplike denticles on subventral walls posterior to the dorsal tooth, the sixth row consisting of four denticles. Nerve ring at 40–47 % of neck length. Excretory pore opening not visible. Cardia conoid, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries more or less straight, reflexed and with one row of oocytes. Oviduct long, 99–108 µm long, 1.6–1.9 times corresponding body diameter. Uterus 74–89 µm long, 2.1–2.3 corresponding body diameter. Vagina with parallel walls, less than half of corresponding body diameter, pars refringens vaginae with two drop-like sclerotised pieces. Vulva a transverse slit with, protruding, located posterior to mid part of body. One prevulval papilla, located 11 µm anterior to vulva and one postvulval papilla, located 26–30 µm posterior to vulva present, observed in two specimens. Eggs 1.6–2.4 times the corresponding body diameter. Rectum 0.7–0.9 times the anal body diameter. Tail slightly sigmoid, sharply bent ventrad with digitate posterior portion slightly but clearly bent dorsad. Caudal pores not observed. Caudal glands grouped, spinneret bearing terminal opening. Male. Not found. Diagnosis. Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. nov. is characterized by its body 1.3–1.5 mm long, head region continuous, buccal capsule of medium size (24– 27 x 15–18 µm), six rows of rasp-like denticles, the sixth line of rasp-like denticles consisting of four denticles, amphidelphic reproductive system, female tail 37–49 μm long (c= 27.9–38.9, c'= 1.2–1.7), slightly sigmoid, sharply bent ventrad with digitate posterior portion slightly but clearly bent dorsad, terminal opening of spinneret. M. cf. hawaiiensis M. kermaniensis sp. n. M. truncatus Locality Jiroft Kerman Dalfard Kerman Province Kerman Kerman Soil Habitat Palm date 6 Ƥ Soil sediment N 10 Ƥ 2 Ƥ Character - Holotype Paratype - Tail length as % of total body length 4.4 ± 0.6 (3–5) 2.9 3.1 ± 0.4 (2.6–3.6) 12.4 – 11.8 Relationship. According to key of the genus Mylonchulus provided by Andrássy (1992) and modified by Ahmad and Jairajpuri (2010), the species M. sigmaturus Cobb, 1917, M. sigmaturellus Mulvey, 1961, M. agilis Doucet, 1980, M. paitensis Yeates, 1992, M. dentatus Jairajpuri, 1970 and M. sessus Jairajpuri, 1982 (considered as a synonym of M. sygmaturus by Andrássy, 1993) form a group characterized by a sigmoid tail, strongly bend ventrad with a digitate posterior portion slightly inclining dorsad and terminal opening of spinneret. Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. is the most similar to M. paitensis described from New Caledonia but can be differentiated from it by different number of rasp-like denticles (6 vs 5 rows), narrower (22–25 vs 25–29 µm) and differently shaped (continuous vs wider than adjacent body) lip region, shorter buccal capsule (24–27 vs 28–29 µm), elevated vulval region (vs not elevated), presence of advulval papillae vs absent and differently shaped tail (digitate portion dorsaly bent vs straight). Tabassum et al., (2001) and Farahmand et al., (2009 a) reported as M. paitensis some specimens from Pakistan and Iran, which are morphologically similar to the studied material, however, they are different in tail morphology, absence of vulval papillae and grouped caudal glands (vs in tandem). Further, the new species can be differentiated from the closely related M. sigmaturus by its differently shaped lip region (continuous vs set off), rasp-like denticles (six vs 7–8 rows), sixth line of rasp-like denticles (bearing four denticles vs bearing more four denticles), submedian teeth (small vs large), digitate portion of tail without caudal pores vs digitate portion of tail bearing caudal pores, higher c’ values (c’= 1.3–1.7 vs 0.8 –1.0) and presence of advulval papillae vs absent; from M. sigmaturellus by its shorter body (1.3–1.5 vs 1.6–2.6 mm) and tail (37–49 vs 55–80 µm), lower c’ values (c’= 1.3–1.7 vs c’= 2–2.5) and differently shaped lip region (continuous vs offset); from M. agilis the new species differs in shorter body (L= 1.3–1.5 vs 1.6 –2.00 mm), number of rows of rasp-like denticles (6 vs 6–9 rows, sixth rows bearing four vs sixth rows bearing more denticles), narrower lip region (21.5–25 vs 30 µm), lower c values (c= 27.9–38.9 vs 37.9–67.6), buccal cavity shape (broad vs funnel shape) and length (24–27 vs 28–30 µm), vulval papillae (present vs absent) and males absent vs males present. In comparison with the M. dentatus the new species differs in number of rows of rasp-like denticles (6 vs 10–15), submedian teeth (small vs large). Finaly, the new species differs from M. sessus in the number of rows of rasp-like denticles (6 vs 7–8), anterior rows of denticles not prominent (vs prominent), larger submedian teeth (vs smaller), shorter rectum (19–25 vs 29–30 µm) and longer tail (37–49 vs 25–33 µm, c= 27.9–38.9 vs c= 47–55; c’= 1.3–1.7 vs 0.9). Type habitat and locality. The specimens were recovered from soil, Kerman (Kerman province), southeastern Iran (N: 30 ° 16 ʹ 48.97 ʺ; E: 57 °04ʹ0 1.27 ʺ) Type material. Female holotype and four female paratypes deposited in the nematode collection of Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. One paratype female deposited in the Laboratory of Nematology of University of Jaen (Spain). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the locality where the species has been recovered.Published as part of Shokoohi, Ebrahim, Mehrabi-Nasab, Abdolrahman, Mirzaei, Mahdieh & Peneva, Vlada, 2013, Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida), pp. 519-534 in Zootaxa 3599 (6) on pages 524-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22017
Xiphinema simile Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli 1983
No full textXiphinema simile Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983 (Figs 2B, C, E, G, H, L, M, O, Q-S; 3 D-H; 4 F-K; 5 D-H; 9-11) Measurements. See Tables 2 -4 Description. Females. Body slender, slightly tapering towards both ends; C- to spiral-shaped. Th ickness of the cuticle at postlabial region 1 µm; at dorsal side of the tail cuticle thickness increases gradually from 2 to 3.6 (3-4) µm towards tail end. Lip region expanded, flatly rounded, 4 (4-5) µm high. Amphidial opening 4-5 µm wide, occupying 44-50% of the corresponding body width (n=4), located just below the demarcation line. Odontostyle with moderately developed basal collar, guiding ring not appearing single. Pharyngeal characters presented at Table 2. Genital system with two almost equally developed branches, uteri short (Table 3); vagina 13–16 µm long or 46–56 % of the corresponding body diameter. Sperm cells observed in females from Kalimok and Orlyane populations. Ovaries contain symbiotic bacteria. Rectum 20.1 (18-22) µm long. Tail conoid, dorsally convex, terminus rounded, in some specimens pointed; presence of slight dorsal constriction at the level of hyaline part. Males. Similar to female apart from body more curved at the posterior end and higher lip region (5-5.5 µm). Spicules slightly curved, one adanal pair and 3 ventromedian supplements present, lateral guiding piece 6 µm long Th e spicules of the specimen from Srebarna Reserve were not well developed and the testes were not observed while the specimen from Kalimok-Brashlen locality was apperantly functional with well developed testes filled with sperm. Tail longer than in female, especially in the specimen from Srebarna, conoid, dorsally convex with rounded terminus. Juveniles. Th e scatter diagram based on functional and replacement odontostyle, and body length reveal presence of three juvenile stages (Figs 11A & B). Remarks. According to Barsi and Lamberti (2002) the populations of X. simile found in different localities have shown a broad range of variability in body length with populations with more southern distribution being shorter. This study revealed one population of X. simile from Kamen brayg area with lower mean values for body and tail length, a - and c’ -ratios and higher c -ratio, as compared to other three populations. The comparisons with populations from different localities, showed that this population has similar body length with other Bulgarian (Lamberti et al. 1983, Peneva and Choleva 1992) and the Kenyan populations (Coomans and Heyns 1997), but still nematodes of this population had shorter tail length, higher c -ratios, and smaller c’ -ratios. The other populations studied were within the range of those reported from northern localities of the range (Barsi 1994, Lišková and Brown 1996, Lamberti et al. 1999, Barsi and Lamberti 2002, Barsi and Lamberti 2004, Kumari 2006, Repasi et al. 2008). Measurements of juvenile stages and male specimens are presented for the first time for Bulgarian populations. Th e obtained values were equal or close to those reported by Barsi and Lamberti (2002) and Barsi and De Luca (2008). The frequency distribution graphs of functional and replacement odontostyle lengths represent four groups, corresponding to three juvenile stages and an adult stage and confirm the findings of other authors (Coomans and Heyns 1997, Barsi and Lamberti 2002, Barsi and Lamberti 2004, Kumari 2006) for the developmental pattern of X. simile. Xiphinema simile was found to occur together with X. parasimile (Orlyane locality) and X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951 (Kalimok-Brashlen protected area).Published as part of Lazarova, Stela, De Luca, Francesca & Peneva, Vlada, 2008, On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile, pp. 29-50 in ZooKeys 3 (3) on pages 41-48, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.3.26, http://zenodo.org/record/57641
Ditylenchus sarvarae Shokoohi & Iranpour & Peneva & Elshishka & Fourie & Swart 2018, sp. n.
No full textDitylenchus sarvarae sp. n. (See Figs. 1 & 2) Measurements. See Table 1. Description. Population from Bam, province of Kerman (4♀♀, 3♂♂): Female. Body almost straight to open “C” shape When heat relaxed. Lip region loW, measuring 7–9 µm in diameter and 3–4 µm in height. Head flattened, appearing almost smooth. Stoma opening pore-like at the centre of a small oral disc. Amphidial openings small and slit-like, posterior to lateral lips. Cuticle annuli about 1 µm Wide at midbody. Stylet delicate, With Well developed, rounded knobs, 2 µm in Width. Dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice (DGO) at 22–25% of stylet length. Pharyngeal procorpus cylindrical, Without a constriction at the junction With median bulb. Median bulb mostly oval in shape, 17–18 µm long and 10–11 µm in diameter, valve Well developed. Isthmus long, slender, encircled nearly at its midpoint by the nerve ring. Nerve ring located at 47–55% of neck length. Basal pharyngeal bulb spatulate. Hemizonid located opposite anterior part of pharyngeal basal bulb at 63– 78% of neck length, about three cuticular annuli long. Excretory pore at basal bulb level, at 73–79% of neck length. Lateral fields With seven plain incisures, often difficult to see under the light microscope. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, Well developed. Ovary Without flexure toWards vulva. Anterior genital tract 200 µm long, 15–20% of body length, With the apex of the germinal zone not reaching the pharyngeal bulb. Spermatheca broad, elongated, 35–38 µm long, 6–10 µm in diameter, filled With rounded sperm. Anterior part of uterus in the form of a quadricolumella, folloWed by a short, narroWer tract and ending in a sWollen posterior part near the vagina. Postvulval uterine sac Well developed, 1.8–2.8 times the vulval body diameter; 25–51% the vulva–anus distance. Tail conoid, ending in a finely pointed terminus. Phasmids conspicuous, 29–33 µm distant from anus. Male. Smaller than female, but similar in shape, except in reproductive system. Lip region 3–4 µm high, 7–8 µm in diameter, slightly narroWer than the rest of the body. Lip region With 3 annuli. Stylet delicate, knobs small, rounded, 2.0–3.0 µm in diameter. DGO 22–23% of stylet length. Median bulb oval, 18 µm length and 11 µm in diameter, respectively. Isthmus slender, elongate, 60–61 µm long, encircled approximately in the middle by the nerve ring. Basal pharyngeal bulb spatulate, slightly abutting intestine. Lateral fields With seven smooth incisures. Testis Well developed, 544–888 µm long, not reaching the basal bulb. Bursa leptoderan, slightly longer than tail in overall extension, starting anterior to the cloaca at a distance slightly more than one anal body diameter and extending 66–95% of tail length. Spicules ventrally arcuate, slightly cephalated anteriorly. Gubernaculum simple, 30–43% of spicule length. Locality and habitat. The material studied Was isolated from rhizosphere soil associated With alfalfa roots (Medicago sativa L.) in Bam, in the province of Kerman, Iran (N: 29°06′22″; E: 58°21′25″). Type material. TWo females and tWo males (holotype and paratypes) deposited in the National Collection of Nematodes (NCN) at the ARC-PPRI (Nematology Unit of Biosystematics). The other paratypes (tWo females and one male) Were deposited in the nematode collection of Nematology Laboratory of North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Diagnosis. Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. is characterized by body length (1000–1438 µm in females and 780– 933 µm in males), stylet length (9–10 µm), number of lateral lines (seven), post uterine sac length (55–62 µm), tail length (73–89 µm in females and 64–69 µm in males), spicule length (22–25 µm), leptoderan bursa (94–95% of tail length) and unique D2D3 sequence. Relationships. The neW species is morphologically similar to D. valveus Thorne & Malek, 1968 and D. destructor Thorne, 1945. Compared With D. valveus, it has a longer bursa (94–95% of tail length vs 23–47% of tail length) (Brzeski 1991). Compared With D. destructor, D. sarvarae sp. n. differs in shape of the tail terminus (sharply pointed vs rounded), number of lateral field insicures (7 vs 6) and a longer bursa (50–90% in D. destructor) (SWart et al. 2015). Compared With D. gigas Vovlas, Troccoli, Palomares-Rius, De Luca, Liébanas, Landa, Subbotin & Castillo 2011, the neW species differs in body length (1000–1438 µm vs 1561–1932 µm in females and 933–1152 µm vs 1373–1716 µm in males), female tail length (68–89 µm vs 69–103 µm), length of postuterine sac (55–62 µm vs 81–150 µm), number of lateral incisures line (7 vs 4) and bursa length (94–95% of tail length vs 50–90% of tail length) (Vovlas et al. 2011). In comparison With D. oncogenus Vovlas, Troccoli, Palomares-Rius, De Luca, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Liébanas, Landa, Subbotin & Castillo, 2015 the neW species differ in having more lateral field incisures (7 vs 6) and a longer bursa (62–67% of tail length in D. oncogenus) (Vovlas et al. 2015). Compared With D. gallaeformans Oliveira, Santini, Seni, Dietrich, Salazar, Subbotin, Mundo- Ocampo, Goldenberg & Barreto, 2013, it differs in having more lateral field incsicures (7 vs 4) and shorter bursa (94–95% of tail length vs 100% of tail length). In comparison With D. halictus Giblin-Davis, Erteld, Kanzaki, Ye, Zeng & Center, 2010, it differs in lateral field incisures (7 vs 6) and bursa length (94–95% of tail length vs 20–55% of tail length). The neW species shoWs differences With D. drepanocercus Goodey, 1953 in spicule length (22–26 µm vs 10 µm) and bursa length (94–95% of tail length vs 50% of tail length; according to Brzeski 1991). D. persicus and D. sarvarae differ in body length (vs 635-928 µm in females and 670-715 µm in males), stylet length (vs 5-7 µm), post uterine sac length (69-139 vs 14-18 µm), female tail length (68-98 vs 45-68 µm), the number of lateral field incisures (7 vs 6) and spicule length (22-26 vs 15-17 µm). Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of the mother, Lady Sarvar Ourang, of the first author in grateful recognition of her efforts to raise him from childhood, and is also dedicated to all mothers in the World. DNA characterization. The sequence flanked by the tWo primers D2a and D2b of the D2–D3 segment of 28S region of D. sarvarae sp. n. contains 762 base pairs (bps). A Blast search demonstrated that this population has 125 base pair differences from the Chinese populations of D. destructor (EU400628, EU400624; EU400623; 83% identity). The Iranian population shoWs less similarity With other Ditylenchus sequnces deposited in the NCBI GenBank.Published as part of Shokoohi, Ebrahim, Iranpour, Fahime, Peneva, Vlada, Elshishka, Milka, Fourie, Hendrika & Swart, Antoinette, 2018, Ditylenchus sarvarae sp. n. (Tylenchina: Anguinidae) from Iran, pp. 197-206 in Zootaxa 4399 (2) on pages 198-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/120658
Mylonchulus hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey 1951
No full text<i>Mylonchulus</i> cf. <i>hawaiiensis</i> (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951 <p>(Figs. 1 (A–E) & 2)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. 10 females, in good state of preservation.</p> <p> <b>Measurements</b>. See Table 2.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Female:</i> Body almost cylindrical, ventrally curved after fixation. Cuticle smooth under LM. Head region continuous with neck, having six lips bearing 6 + 4 papillae. Amphid openings oval, aperture 3–5 µm wide, located 9–12 µm from anterior end. Six transverse rows of rasp-like denticles on subventral walls located posterior to the dorsal tooth. Buccal cavity large, elongate goblet -shaped, about 1.9–2.1 times as long as wide, with thick, heavily cuticularised vertical walls, 1.4–2 µm diameter. Dorsal wall bearing a sharp, slightly pointed, 6–8 µm long and 2.5–3 µm wide dorsal tooth, directed forward, located in the anterior half of buccal cavity at 56–62% from its base; each two foramina present at the base of buccal cavity lying close to each other, 5–6 µm long. Nerve ring located at 32–35% of neck length, excretory pore at 34–37%, respectively. Cardia conoid, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries more or less straight, reflexed and with a single row of oocytes. Oviduct 60–69 µm long, 1.6–1.9 times the corresponding body diameter. Uterus short, 12–17 µm long, 0.3–0.5 the corresponding body diameter. Vagina with parallel wall, less than half of the corresponding body diameter, <i>pars refringens vaginae</i> with two boot-shaped sclerotisations. Vulva not protruding and located near mid body. Advulval papillae not observed. Egg length 1.9–2.3 times the corresponding body diameter. Rectum 0.7–0.8 times the anal body diameter. Tail arcuate, bent ventrad. Caudal glands in tandem, spinneret opening terminal.</p> <p> <i>Male.</i> Not found.</p> <p> <b>Locality</b>. The material has been found with <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L. in Jiroft (province of Kerman, Iran), southeastern Iran (N: 28º 36’ 20.17”; E: 057º 43’ 08.87”).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Mulvey (1961) considered <i>M</i>. <i>hawaiiensis</i> to be a synonym of <i>M</i>. <i>incurvus</i> Cobb, 1917. Andrássy (1958) showed that this species is completely different from <i>M</i>. <i>incurvus</i>. Comparison of the two mentioned species showed that <i>M</i>. <i>hawaiiensis</i> and <i>M. incurvus</i> differ in buccal cavity size, body length and tail length and shape. According to the key by Ahmad and Jairajpuri (2010), <i>M. hawaiiensis</i> resembles <i>M. brassicus</i> Soni & Nama, 1980, however it has more posterior vulva (55–70 <i>vs</i> 54–57) and shorter tail in males (c=35–44 <i>vs</i> c=23). In addition, male of <i>M. hawaiiensis</i> posses 10–12 supplements (<i>vs</i> 6 supplements). Further, these specimens are close to <i>M. lacustris</i> (Cobb <i>in</i> Cobb, 1915) Cobb, 1917 in the key by Andrássy (1992). Data on morphology of populations identified as <i>M. lacustris</i> vary greatly (Jensen & Mulvey, 1968; Jairajpuri, 1970; Andrássy, 1992; De Bruin & Heyns, 1992, Loof, 1999, etc) and it seems that not all of them are conspecific. Compared with the original description and material reported by Jensen & Mulvey, (1968), De Bruin & Heyns (1992) and Loof (1999), Iranian females differ in body length (0.9–1.6 <i>vs</i> 1.5–2.5 mm), buccal capsule size (24– 30 x 11–17 <i>vs</i> 30– 39 x 17–21 µm), tail shape (ventrally bent <i>vs</i> cylindrical) and length (38–49 <i>vs</i> 66–115 µm, c’=1.4–2.0 vs c’=2.0–3.0), number of rows of rasp-like denticles (6 <i>vs</i> 7). Material studied differ also from populations originating from India (Jairajpuri, 1970; Andrássy, 1992) in body length (0.92–1.13 <i>vs</i> 1.1–1.6 and 1.16–1.24 mm, respectively), number of rows of rasp-like denticles (6 <i>vs</i> 7 and 5–6, respectively), buccal capsule size (24–30 <i>vs</i> 23–24 µm in Bombay population), nerve ring position (79–97 <i>vs</i> 110–125 µm from anterior end), and tail shape (more <i>vs</i>; ventrally slightly arcuate).</p> <p> The populations reported as <i>M. hawaiiensis</i> from several localities across its wide range (Asia, Africa, Central and South America) showed high intrapopulation variability. Iranian specimens compared to those studied from India, Costa Rica and Nigeria (Jairajpuri, 1970; Mulvey & Jensen, 1967; Zullini <i>et al</i>., 2002) have a longer tail (38–49 µm <i>vs</i> 23–42 µm). Further, the buccal capsule of the studied population is longer compared to that of material from Nigeria and India (24–31 <i>vs</i> 20–23 and 22–25 μm, respectively) (Mulvey & Jensen, 1967; Jairajpuri, 1970). Finally, the Iranian specimens have shorter necks compared with materials from Argentina and Costa Rica (224–303 <i>vs</i> 279–345 and 352 μm) (Chaves, 1990; Zullini <i>et al</i>., 2002). Morphological comparison with <i>M. hawaiiensis</i> populations reported from Japan (Olia <i>et al</i>., 2009) is not possible because the author did not present any data on the morphology of the five populations studied.</p> <p>This species is reported for the first time from Iran.</p>Published as part of <i>Shokoohi, Ebrahim, Mehrabi-Nasab, Abdolrahman, Mirzaei, Mahdieh & Peneva, Vlada, 2013, Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida), pp. 519-534 in Zootaxa 3599 (6)</i> on pages 520-524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/220173">http://zenodo.org/record/220173</a>
Studies of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda, Nordiidae) from Arctic polar deserts. 1. Species with long odontostyle: E. makarovae sp. n. and E. groenlandicus (Ditlevsen, 1927) Thorne, 1939, with an identification key to the species of the E. macrodorus group
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Mononchus truncatus Bastian 1865
No full textMononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865 (Fig. 1, F–I) Material examined. Two females, in good preservation Measurements. See Table 2. Description Female: Body almost cylindrical, J shape after fixation. Cuticle smooth under LM, 3 µm wide at mid body. Small transverse striae visible under SEM. Head region continuous with neck, having six lips bearing 6 + 4 papillae. Amphid openings oval, located anterior to the dorsal tooth, its aperture 4–6 µm wide, located 15–17 µm from anterior end. Buccal cavity elongate oblong, barrel-shaped, about 2.7 times as long as wide, with thick, cuticularised vertical walls, 1.6 µm thick. Dorsal wall bearing a sharp, slightly pointed, 6.4 µm long and 3.1 µm wide dorsal tooth, directed forward, located in the anterior half of buccal cavity at 60 % from its base; two foramina present at the base of buccal cavity lying close to each other, 6–8 µm long. Nerve ring located at middle of pharynx, at 33–35 % of neck length. Excretory pore opening located at 41–48 % of neck length. Cardia conoid, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovary more or less straight, with flexure to the vulva and only one row of oocyte. Vagina extending inward for less than half of the body width; with parallel walls, pars refringens vaginae with two ovoid sclerotisations. Vulva a transverse slit, slightly protruding, located posterior to mid part of body. Advulval papillae absent. Rectum 1.1–1.2 times the anal body diameter. Tail uniformly ventrally curved, tapering to cylindrical shape in posterior part with 6.9–7.1 µm diameters, bearing a minute hair on ventral part, Caudal glands in a group, spinneret opening terminal. Male. Not found. Locality. The material studied was recovered from soil sediments collected in Dalfard (Kerman province, Iran), south-eastern Iran (N: 29 º 00’ 34.5 ”; E: 057º 35 ’ 33.8 ”). Remarks. The morphometrics of the examined specimens conform well to the measurements of type / neotype specimens (Andrássy, 2011). In comparison with those studied by Farahmand et al., (2009 a) our specimens have a shorter body (1.5–1.7 vs 2–2.4 mm). Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 Mylonchulus sigmaturus AY 284756 2 Mylonchulus sigmaturus AY 284757 0.01 3 Mylonchulus sigmaturus AY 284755 0.03 0.03 4 Mylonchulus rotundicaudatus AY 284751 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 5 Mylonchulus sigmaturus AB 361446 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 3 6 Mylonchulus oceanicus AB 361444 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 7 Mylonchulus brachyuris AB 361436 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 8 Mylonchulus arenicolus AF036596 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 9 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis AB 361441 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 10 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis AB 361439 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 11 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis AB 361440 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 12 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis AB 361442 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 13 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis AB 361438 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14 Mylonchulus mulveyi AB 361449 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 15 Mylonchulus oceanicus AB 361443 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 16 Mylonchulus mulveyi AB 361448 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.05 17 Mylonchulus brachyuris AY 284754 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 18 Mylonchulus brachyuris AB 361437 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 19 Mylonchulus cf. hawaiiensis JQ 742964 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 20 Mylonchulus brachyuris AY 284752 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 Family species Reference Anantonchidae Anatonchus kafii Olia, Choudhary, Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 2004 Olia et al., 2004 A. tridentatus (De Man, 1876) De Coninck, 1939 Loof et al., 1990, Barooti, 1997 Miconchus studeri (Steiner, 1914) Andrássy, 1958 Barooti & Nowruzi, 2000 Mononchidae Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970 Loof et al., 1990; Olia et al., 2004; Farahmand et al., 2009 b Coomansus parvus (De Man, 1880) Jairajpuri and Khan, 1977 Loof et al., 1990; Farahmand et al., 2009 b Mononchus aquaticus Coetzee, 1968 Farahmand et al., 2009 a M. pulcher Andrássy, 1993 Farahmand et al., 2009 a M. truncatus Bastian, 1865 Farahmand et al., 2009 a; Olia et al., 2004; Present paper Prionchulus iranicus Farahmand, Eskandari, Viciguerra, Orselli & Karegar, 2009 Farahmand et al., 2009 b P. muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 Loof et al., 1990 P. punctatus Cobb, 1917 Loof et al., 1990 Mylonchulidae Mylonchulus brachyuris (Bütschli, 1873) Cobb, 1917 Loof et al., 1990; Farahmand et al., 2009 a M. cf. hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951 Present paper M. kermaniensis sp. n. Present paper M. minor (Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1916 Loof et al., 1990; Nowruzi & Barooti, 1997 M. nainitalensis Jairajpuri, 1970 Olia et al., 2004 M. paitensis Yeates, 1992 Farahmand et al., 2009 a M. sigmaturellus (Cobb, 1917) Mulvey, 1961 Loof et al., 1990; Nowruzi & Barooti, 1997 M. sigmaturus Cobb, 1917 Loof et al., 1990; Nowruzi & Barooti, 1997; Farahmand et al., 2009 a DNA characterization of M. cf. hawaiiensis. The sequence lengths flanked by the two primers SSU-F-04 and SSU-R- 26 of the 18 S regions of M. cf. hawaiiensis isolate are ~ 900 base pairs (bps) long. The Blast test revealed that this population has only 5 base pairs difference from the Japanese populations (AB 361438, AB 361439, AB 361440; AB 361442; 99 % identity) of M. hawaiiensis. In comparison to other nearest population studied also from Japan showed 8 (AB 361441; 99 % identity) base pairs differences. Pairwise Maximum Composite Likelihood distance among 18 S rDNA region of Mylonchulus species showed that M. hawaiiensis populations from Japan are not having much genetic variation. Within M. hawaiiensis population’s genetic variation is 0.01 (Table 3). The genetic variation between M. cf. hawaiiensis (JQ 742964) and M. mulveyi was 0.05 and the highest within Mylonchulus species (Table 3).Published as part of Shokoohi, Ebrahim, Mehrabi-Nasab, Abdolrahman, Mirzaei, Mahdieh & Peneva, Vlada, 2013, Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida), pp. 519-534 in Zootaxa 3599 (6) on pages 528-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22017
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