1,721,009 research outputs found
Ecophysiological response to irrigation of two olive cultivars grown in a high-density orchard
No full textHigh-density oliveculture system needs irrigation and introduces new cultivars in new environ-ments. So the evaluation of varietal ecophysiological response to irrigation is a crucial topic. For this reason it was planned a research on two cultivars, Coratina and Arbequina, trained according to high-density system. In 2009 the irrigation was conducted according to the conventional man-agement by applying an irrigation frequency of 4 days. The leaf water potentials reached values similar to the limits reported for the recovery within 48 hours. However, plants showed a leaf wa-ter status and gas exchange recovery just after 24 hours from watering. The results highlighted some varietal differences: Arbequina showed a better response to irrigation, while Coratina per-formed an higher water use efficiency by a lower leaf transpiration
Short-term effects of de-oiled olive pomace mulching application on a young super high-density olive orchard
No full textMicrobial impact of different types of municipal wastewaters used to irrigate nectarines in Southern Italy
No full textThis research was performed in order to assess the microbiological impact of three different sources
of treated municipal wastewater on the tree-soil system of a nectarine orchard. Wastewaters coming
from two different tertiary treatment processes [conventional tertiary water (TW) and lagoon simplified
tertiary water (LW)] and a secondary treatment process (SW) were compared with fresh water (FW). A
two-year field experiment (2011 and 2012) was carried out monitoring Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms,
E. coli and Salmonella spp. concentrations on source waters, root zone soil and fruits. The microbial concentration
mainly depended on the treatment system of the source water but in most cases it was always
over the current Italian threshold (10 CFU 100 mL−1; D. No. 152/2006). In general, the SW showed the
highest level of contamination for both years followed by LW, TW and FW. Although soil plots irrigated
with the SW were heavily contaminated as expected, nevertheless the soil was able to greatly reduce of
2.6 log10 CFU 100 g−1 the fecal contamination. The soils irrigated with LW, TW and FW showed a lower
fecal bacteria contamination. Total Coliforms were confirmed as ubiquitous in this agricultural environment
and contamination by E. coli on fruits surfaces was not negligible when plots were irrigated with
SW for both years. This study supports the hypothesis that very low quality of irrigation waters cannot
be used safely in a nectarine orchard because it represents a risk for human infectio
Ripening indices and harvesting times of different olive cultivars for continuous harvest
No full textEffect of increasing climatic water deficit on some leaf and stomatal parameters of wild and cultivated almonds under Mediterranean conditions
No full textThe prevailing environmental conditions, temperature in particular, drive seasonal changes both in leaf development and stomata! characteristics. In order to ascertain the effect of increases in climatic water deficit on some leaf and stomatal parameters under field conditions, a study was carried out on two sets of leaves (spring and summer) on a large sample of Amygdalus communis L. cultivars in comparison with several Amygdalus webbii Spach seedlings, a species more adapted to arid environments and probable ancestor of cultivated almonds. Observations were performed between spring and summer of a particularly hot season. The results showed a significant and general reduction of both leaf area and stomatal frequency and an increase in stomata! size. Nevertheless, there were evident differences between cultivated and wild almonds. A stronger reduction of leaf area was observed in A. webbii (-31%) with respect to A. communis (-14%); on the contrary, the latter reduced stomatal frequency more than the former (-25% and -19%, respectively). The examined cultivated almonds, in response to the increase in climatic water deficit, tended to arrange their stomatal structures like those of wild almonds. Finally, increasing the climatic water deficit, the slope of the linear regressions between stomatal frequency and size did not change in either species, leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of almond acclimation to environmental stresses
Valutazione chimica e sensoriale degli oli di alcune varietà di olivo allevate in Puglia con il modello superintensivo
No full textAssessing the suitability of saline wastewaters for irrigation of Citrus spp.: Emphasis on boron and specific-ion interactions
No full textMany ground waters and recycled municipal wastewaters contain elevated concentrations of boron (B) and salts but are nonetheless potential irrigation water sources for agricultural production. Unlike most agricultural crops, Citrus spp. is among the most sensitive to B and salinity. Here, an extensive review of the literature from 1928 to present on Citrus spp. tolerance to B and specific ions has been conducted. The overall suitability of such water supplies largely depends upon the salt and B concentration in the irrigation water, irrigation management, rainfall, soil and climatic conditions and orange rootstock. Since salinity and B stresses often occur together, the overall suitability may depend on interactive abiotic stresses as well. The combination and potential interaction of these constituents, combined with the soil and climatic conditions, can affect the overall suitability of B in irrigation water over the long-term. And there is evidence of internal tolerance mechanisms (i.e. B transport/compartmentation; B complex- ation) present allowing leaves to tolerate higher B concentrations than they would otherwise and that certain amendments can reduce uptake and transport from rootstock to scion. Regardless, new research does not provide any more information to suggest that the existing B tolerance guidelines for orange (0.50–0.75 mg/L in the soil solution, Bss) should be adjusted upwards or downwards. The challenge comes in determining the maximum B concentration in the irrigation water (Bw) that would result in these Bss tolerance values. Two steady-state approaches that were used here suggest that the maximum Bw for the protection of orange falls between 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L over the long term provided good water man- agement, adequate leaching and no additional stresses are affecting the tree. For lemon, maximum Bw concentrations would be less. The presence of specific ions and ion interactions makes water quality assessment difficult
Valutazione chimica e sensoriale degli oli di alcune cv di olivo allevate in Puglia col modello superintensivo
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